否定词的用法完全解析.doc

Negative statements 1 常见否定句否定副词not, seldom, never, hardly, rarely, nowhere等与谓语动词连用。 Im afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend. I can hardly understand what he said just now. 2 否定句种类否定祈使句由Dont 或Never+ 动词原形构成。 Dont give up trying even though it is difficult to learn English! 英语虽然难学，但千万别放弃尝试！Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade. 切勿忘恩负义。Never judge people by their appearance. 不可以貌取人。否定疑问句：常用来表示反问、惊讶、建议、赞叹等语气。Dont you know these traffic rules? 难道你不知道这些交通规则吗？Arent you supposed to be working? 你不是应该正在干活吗？You look pale. Why dont you have a rest? 你看起来脸色苍白，为什么不休息一会儿？Isnt it a lovely day? 天气多好啊！注意：在回答否定疑问句时，要根据具体事实作答-Didnt you see the film Titanic yesterday? - _. I would like to have seen it. A. Yes, I did B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I didnt D. No, I did-You havent been to Beijing, have you?- _. And I visited the Summer Palace. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent部分否定否定词not 与表示整体意义的词，如：all, both, everything, everywhere, always, often, entirely, necessarily等连用时,不管位置如何，表部分否定“并非都”All is not gold that glittersNot all is gold that glitters. Both of them are not useful. Not both of them are usefulSuch a thing is not found everywhereThe rich are not always happy. His attention was not entirely paid to his research. 全部否定 由“否定主语（否定代词或no+名词）+ 肯定 谓语”构成。Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。None of us can speak French. 我们都不会讲法语。No man is born wise. 人非生而知之。注意：常用“neither/nor + 助动词/情态动词 +主语”来表达“某人也不” Jim didnt know her secret, neither/nor did Jack. 吉姆不知道她的秘密，杰克也不知道。If you dont accept his invitation, neither shall I. 如果你不接受他的邀请，我也不接受。几乎否定表示整个句子的意思接近于否定。常用的有little (few), hardly, rarely, seldom 等We seldom/hardly hear such fine singing.Little remains to be said. 简直没什么可说的了. 双重否定同一个句子当中有两个否定词，表示的意思是肯定的，但比肯定句的语气要重。Dont try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety. 如果不懂安全规则，千万别动这台机器。Its never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。There is no success without hardships. 没有经历暴雨，哪有彩虹。You cant make something out of nothing. 巧夫难为无米之炊.3 否定转移含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然否定主句的谓语，然而意义上则是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为而”Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事何如何，就轻易相信它。The mountain is not valuable because it is high. 山不在高。当think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把从句中的not提前，把主句变成否定句，从句用肯定形式。 We dont believe that the news is true. 我们相信这个消息不是真的。I dont think that he is honest. 我认为他不诚实。注意：（1）把这些发生否定转移的句子变为反意疑问句时，注意形式一致。I dont think that he is honest, is he? （2）not 常用在I think, I believe, I expect, I suppose, I guess, Im afraid之后，构成省略句。-Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow? -Im afraid not. -Do you believe that Rocket will win the game? -I believe not. (=I dont believe so.)4 否定句的倒装表否定意义的词或短语放在句首，要用部分倒装如：not, never, seldom, hardly, in no way/ by no means, at no time, 等。By no means will china first use nuclear weapons.Not often do they meet.5 形式肯定，意义否定1 tooto 结构He is too young to carry so heavy a case. 2 用more than 帮助构成否定“不仅仅、超出” This is more than I can do.The beauty of the park is more than words can describe. 3 用the last/least “最不”构成否定句 He is the last man I want to see. 4 anything but “绝对不，一点也不 ” That little boat is anything but safe.5 在“It is +时间段+ since ”结构中，从句谓语是延续性动词时表示否定意义6 用肯定形式的虚拟语气可以表示实际的否定意义。It is three years since he was a teacher. You could have done the job better if you had put more time into it.6 形式否定，意义肯定1） too修饰ready, glad, anxious, eager等词时相当于“very” He is too ready to help others.2） can not / never too 再也不为过;越.越好You cannot be too careful to do your homework.3） nothing but 相当于“only”There is nothing but sands left after the forest was destroyed. 4）hardly/scarcelywhen= no sooner.than.”表示“刚就”Hardly had I got to the station when it began to rain.No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go. 5） 否定词与比较级连用，强调所修饰的词的肯定意义。-Mr. Li