主动语态变被动语态.doc

主动语态变被动语态。被动语态的构成：助动词be+过去分词。 助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化，其变人规则与be作为系动词变化完全一样。一般现在时态：am/is/are asked 现在进行时态：am/is/are being asked现在完成时态：has /have been asked一般过去时态：was/were asked过去进行时态：was/were being asked过去完成时态：had been asked一般将来时态：shall/will be asked将来完成时态：shall/will have been一般过去将来时：should/would be asked过去将来完成时：should/would have been asked含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+ 过去分词。二主动语态与被动语态的转换1.主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。2.主动结构的谓语动语由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词（be+动词的过去分词）。，3.主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by组成的短语可省略。4.主动语态变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致。5.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一个不动，一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。1）主动句Most people love pop songs.2)Did Johnson write the letter himself?3)When did they finish the work?含有直接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指人的间接宾语变为主语，指物的直接宾语保留不动，常见的能接双宾语的词有：give, show, bring, lend, send等这此词与to搭配。还有buy, make, draw这些词与介词for搭配。We gave them some books.含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变为主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语，原来的位置一般不变。但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，句子变成被动语态后则要加to。以便将两个动词隔开。1. We keep food cold in the fridge.2.Every day the tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.短语动词的被动语态短语动词在主动结构中有一个不可分割的词组，在被动结构中也是如此，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。The nurse takes good care of the children.针对性练习1. They write the business letters in English.2. Does he often mend his car?3. Did you build a new house last year?4. My sister didnt buy a new TV set last week.5. Must I pay for it at once?6. Old people must _politely.A. speak to B. be spoken at C. be spoken to D. be speaking to7. How long may this book _?A.be keeping B. kept C. be kept D.is kept8.Mary _to go to the teachers office just now. A. tells B. told C. is telling D. was told 9. The sun _at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant be seenC. cant see D. doesnt see10. Our classroom _every day.A. cleans B. be cleaned C. cleanedD. is cleaned虚拟语气一动词的语气：语气是动词一种形式，表示说话人对说话内容的看法和态度，英语的语气分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气二虚拟语气：表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。三虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法及动词形式1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况。条件从句谓语动词形式：过去式主句谓语动词形式：should/would/could/might+动词原形。If there_no air or water, there _No living things on the earth.如果他学习用功的话，他可能会通过考试。If he _harder, he _ _ the exam.2.表示与过去事实相反的情况：条件从句谓语动词形式：had +过去分词主句谓语动词形式：should/would/could/might +have +过去分词如果我早点到那儿，我就会见到她。If I _ _ there earlier I _ _ _ her.If he _ _(take) my advice, he _ _ _(make) such a mistake.3.表示将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）条件从句谓语动词形式：过去式/ should +动词原形/ 过去将来时/ were to +动词原形主句谓语动词形式：would/ should /could/ might +动词原形。If he _ _(come) here tomorrow, I _ _(talk) to him.If she _ _ _ (be) here next Monday, I _ _( tell) her all about the matter.四虚拟语气的其他用法1. 虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中：a.表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。我希望我能有你那样的脑筋。I wish I _ (have) your brains.b. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had+ 过去分词。我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。I wish I _ _(know) the truth of the matter.c. 表示与将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用should(would) +动词原形。我真希望再有一次机会。I wish I _ _(have) a chance again.2.虚拟语气用在suggest等动词后的宾语从句中，在这种用法中，无论主句中动词是何种时态，从句的谓语都用should +动词原形或只用动词原形。He suggested/ insisted/ demanded/ ordered that we _ _ (take) the teachers advice.针对性练习：1. If your father _ this , he would be angry.A knows B. knew C. had knownD. would know2. If I were not busy, I _.A. would come B. had come C. will come D. would have come3. If I _you, I _do this exercise in a different way.A. am; will B.was; would C. were; wouldD. will be; would4. What would you do if you won a million yuan? _A. I will give it to charities B. I will buy snacksC. I will put it in the bankD. Id give it to medical research5. If I _( be) you, I _(take) a long walk befor going to bed.6. What would you do if you _(win) a scholarship?7. Tomorrow Im going to my friends birthday party. But I dont know what to wear.If I _(be) you, I _(wear) a black jacket and a red tie.8.If it _( be) nice today, we _(go) for a picnic.But we were unlucky today.9. If I _( have) time, I could play with you.10. If you had got up earlier, you would _ (catch) the train.11. If I _(meet) Li Hua, I could have told him.短语：1. give it to charity2. put it in the bank3. be late for4. get nervous5. give a speech6. the whole school7. without permission8. not-in the slightest9. get along with10. would rather do sth than do sth11. right away12. make a speech13. at lunch time 14. in fact=as a matter of fact15. let-down16. come up with17. come out 18. by accident=by chance 19. on purpose20. ask sb for advice21. take medicine22. tie sth to23. be worried about24. share -with25. be late for 26. take a big exam27. take a walk 28. tell sb (not) to do sth29. wait for sb to so sth30. introduce sb to sb31. ask sb (not ) to do sth32. would rather (not ) do sth33. say something bad about-34. be knowledgeable a