初一英语名词讲解.doc

第一讲 时间： 时长：英语一Unit7单词学习 1.通读全单元单词，重点课文。 2.重点学习sing，draw，play，show，talk，be good at，make friends，help，on the weekendplay 表示“打”球，后接表示球类的名词，不与冠词连用；play football/basketball 表示“演奏”乐器，后接表示乐器的名词，与the连用；play the piano/guitar 表示“打（牌）；下（棋）”，不与冠词连用，但与game连用时，常与the连用。 Play cards / poker play chess play the game 3.辅导英语作业。2 语法学习 （一)名词1.概念：名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 Li Ming, Tom 地方名称 China, London 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, sing 抽象概念 history, grammar 2.名词的分类 专有名词 &普通名词 可数名词 &不可数名词1）专有名词 表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写 如：Mary，Beijing，Americans, English，May, Saturday2）普通名词 除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如： boy，classroom，book, bag, aunt, family, juice, milk, age, childhood随堂练习一：分类，专有名词（） or 普通名词（）？Saturday, tea, Zhanghua, rain, West Lake，enemy, computer, beauty, Mrs. Green， weather, peace, ice-cream, Russians, 3）可数名词（ countable noun）可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：book, girl, ruler, room, apple, box, bus, watch, day, zoo4）不可数名词（ uncountable noun）不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如: water, milk, coffee, tea, rice, bread, work, study, love随堂练习二：可数名词（） or 不可数名词（）？boy, knife, peace, potato, wind, tomato, hero, music,pleasure, map, radio, desk, egg5）既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：glass 玻璃杯，眼镜 玻璃paper 报纸，试卷 纸张time 次数， 时代orange 橘子 橙色3.可数名词的复数形式 1）规则变化： 一般情况 在词尾加-s： deskdesks ；daydays； girlgirls 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es： bus buses； boxboxes； watchwatches 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为I再加-es： familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es: knifeknives; lifelives; wifewives; halfhalves随堂练习三：写出下列名词的复数形式： 1.house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. dish _ 7. family _ 8. boy _ 9. monkey _ 10. box _ 11. knife _ 12. class _ 13. factory _ 14. leaf_ 15. dictionary _ 16. watch _2.）不规则变化： 以o结尾加-es： potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes Negro Negroes 字母a变e: manmen, womanwomen, FrenchmanFrenchmen, policeman-policemen 字母oo变ee: toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese 单复数同形： sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfish Chinese-Chinese, Japanese Japanese cattle cattle 其他： childchildren, mousemice, medium media, basis bases4.不同国籍的人的复数形式：1）加-s:Australian Australians Russian Russians Italian Italians Greek Greeks American Americans Indian IndiansCanadian Canadians 2)变a为e：Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen3）单复数同形：Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese 随堂练习四：写出下列名词的复数形式：1. match _ 2. man _ 3. German _ 4. tomato _ 5. policeman _ 6. kilo _ 7. human _ 8. potato _ 9. Chinese _ 10. shelf _ 11. Japanese _ 12. American_13. life _ 14. tooth _ 15. wife _ 16. foot _ 17. knife _ 18. sheep _19. half _ 20.key_补充：名词所有格1) 一般情况加 -s： childrens books 儿童图书 todays paper 今天的报纸2) 带词尾-s的复数名词只加 () girls school 女子学校， the Smiths car 史密斯家的小汽车3）注意以下情况： Toms and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间 Tom and Jims room 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间随堂练习五：用名词所有格填空1.They are going to their _ home.(grandparents)2.The _ shoes are behind the door.( boy)3.This shop sells _ clothes only. ( men)4.Those are my _ cars. ( friends)5.We are cleaning the _ stables. (horses)6.Do you know where this _ handbag is ? ( lady)7.Many of my _ houses were robbed. ( neighbours)8.The _ uniforms are red. ( player)9.These are the _ toys. ( children) 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一.用名词的正确形式填空1 He cut the apple into _ (half).2 The _ (potato) are mine.3 How many _ (family) are there in this town?4 There are ten _ (deer) on the farm.5 These _ (German) are _ (businessman).6 Last week we went to the _ (child) Park.2 选择题1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters8. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 9.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be10 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life11. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs12. Maths _ not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am D. Were【数学】1 教材梳理，作业辅导2 复习一元一次方程 （一）填空题1x时，代数式与代数式的差为0；2x3是方程4x3（ax）6x7（ax）的解,那么a；3x9 是方程的解，那么，当1时，方程的解； 4若是2ab2c3x1与5ab2c6x3是同类项，则x；5x是方程|k|（x2）3x的解，那么k. （二）解下列应用问题（本题30分，每小题10分）：1用两架掘