介词的用法以及练习.doc

语法专题：介词用法精讲精练介词：英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等。所以，千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法，其实介词的用法非常广泛，搭配能力很强，越是常用的介词，其含义越多。1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到” 2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 4)in front of, in the front of在前面 5）beside，behind beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面 2.表示时间的介词1)in , on，at 在时 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. 2)in, after 在之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 4)after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。 3.表示运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过 across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维 through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。 4.表示“在之间”的介词： between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 5.表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于 on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等； 3)except, besides 除了 except 除之外，不包括在内；besides 除之外，包括在内。 Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) 常见搭配 1动词+介词，如： listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about . 2形容词+介词，如：be afraid of, be full of, be angry with, be strict with, be busy with, be good at, be good/bad for, be late for, be sorry for, be ready for, be famous for, be polite to, be far from. be close to 3名词+介词 / 介词+名词 the key to, the visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, in time at last, at first, for example.看似相同，但意义有别的词组 英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下： (1) at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk） (2) at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁 (3) at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工） (4) in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上） (5) at sea在航海中at the sea在海边 (6) by day白天by the day按日，论日 (7) behind time误期behind the time落后于时代 (8) in class在上课，在课内in the class在这个班 (9) in bed 卧床，在睡觉in the bed在床上 (10) in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱 (11) in red穿着红色的衣服in the red负债，亏损 (12) in hospital住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院 (13) in office在办公，执政in the office在办公室 (14) in secret秘密，私下in the secret参入秘密，参入阴谋 (15) in place of 代替，而不是in the place of在地方 (16) in case of万一，如果in the case of就来说，至于 (17) of age成年人of an age同龄人 (18) out of office离职out of the office离开办公室 (19) out of prison（因犯罪）出狱out of the prison（因事）从监狱出来 (20) out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能，办不到 2）.含有介词的动词词组 (1) come out of hospital（病好）出院come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来 (2) come out of prison（刑满）释放come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来 (3) go to school去上学go to the school（因事）去学校 (4) go to college上大学go to the/a college去一所学校（办事） (5) go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed去床边 (6) go to hospital去住院go to the hospital（因事）去医院 (7) go to prison去坐牢go to the prison（因事）去监狱 (8) go to sea当海员go to the sea去海边 (9) go to court起诉go to the court（因事）去法庭 (10) go to church做礼拜go to the church（因事）去教堂 (11) keep house管理家务keep the house守在家里 (12) take place发生take the place代替 3）.有无冠词，意义无多大区别的介词词组 (1)at(the)most至多 (2)at(the)first起初 (3)all(the)day 整天 (4)catch(a)cold感冒 (5)in(the)future 将来 (6)in(the)memory of纪念 (7)go to(the)office 上班，去办公室 (8)go to(the)market 赶集，去市场 (9)on(a)holiday 在度假 (10)(the)day before yesterday 前天 (11)(the)most of 大多数 (12)with(a)smiling face 面带微笑介词练习1( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of table tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_. A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year3( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet. A. In B. On C. At D. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet. A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in4( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . .A. on B. in C. at D. to( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996.A.on B. of C. to, D. in( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on5( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. of( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. at B. on C. during D. in6( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest. A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without( ) 2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:_ a year. lotae A. for B. in C. after D. on( ) 4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later ; C. in D. late( ) 5 We will finish the picture a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on( ) 6 The workers had been_ strike_almost a month. A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during7( ) 1 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before( 2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on8( ) 7 Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when( ) 2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while( )3 They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Dont worry. He will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3 It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France .A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago10( ) 1 _ Tom gets up at five in the morning.A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times( ) 2 I remember we met each other_ last year.A. Sometime B. some times C. some time D. sometimes( ) 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,_.A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times( ) 4 He studied English for _ in London, and then he went to America.A. sometimes B. sometime new B. some time B. some times参考答案：二巩固练习选词填空1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2. Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）4. He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in）8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for） 9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind） 10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）6英语中考专题复习 介词部分( ) 1. China lies（位于） _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia. A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on( ) 2. _ the afternoon of March 8, the women in the city had a big party. A. To B. In C. At D. On( ) 3. We all agree _ you. Lets start at once. A. to B. for C. with D. on( ) 4. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. besides B. about C. except D. with ( ) 5. Does your father go to work, _ foot or _ bike? A. on; with B. with; on C. by; on D. on; by ( ) 6. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat( ) 7. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Shanghai Restaurant, which is famous _ its seafood. A. with; of B. with; for C. for; to D. to; for ( ) 8. How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there _ my car.A. by B. in C. to D. on( ) 9. Andy often helps her mother _ the housework on Sunday afternoon. A. to B. with C. for D. of( ) 10. My sister usually thinks _ her own language first. Then she turns her words into English. A. by B. in C. with D. through( ) 11. Its kind _ you to come to see me. -Its a pleasure. You were so kind _ me. A. of; with B. for; with C. of; to D. for; to ( ) 12. _ the age of fifteen, sh