情态动词教师版.docVIP

情态动词主备人：马维 王敏 审核人：孙连英 时间：2012-10-24情态动词的基本用法： 不能单独做谓语,一定要与实义动词连用.它与助动词的区别在于:情动本身具有一定的词义,可表示愿望,可能性,推测,义务等含义.1. can/could 能，能够，会1)表一种能力(could是can的过去式)(=be able to)I can speak Russian, but I cant write it. She could speak French when she was six.2)表允许(用 could表更客气,更委婉的语气) Can/Could I borrow your book? Yes, you can. /No, Im afraid you cant. 在现代英中,用can表许可比用may更为通用,正式语用may-Could I ask you a question?-Yes, of course you can .（can, could）3）表推测 在否定句和疑问句中 can, could都可表推测, “可能”,在否句中表把握性较大的推测,用could时语气稍弱。 He cant/couldnt be in Tianjin now.(不可能）4)can/could+have+done 表对过去的推测，用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“不可能已经”could+have+done还可表与过去事实相反的评价,即 “过去该做而事实上却没做” He cant have done that，for he has left for Beijing. 他不可能做了那事，因为他已去了北京。I could have lent you the money(我本可以借给你钱), but why didnt you ask me?Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，这些树能长地更好。5)can /could 与 be able to 的区别(1)can只有现在时和过去时, be able to 可以有各种时态。可表现在，过去，将来(2)can/could表示一种客观的能力。be able to表示经过一番曲折努力，终于做成了 可以解释为manage to do sth，try and succeed in doing sth They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他们很快就能告诉你这个信息。 Below the 11th floor people were able to escape. 11楼以下的人都能逃出去。6）cannot.too/enough表示“无论.也不过分，越越好”You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。2. may/might “可以”1) 表许可(might是may的过去式,有时可用might代may表更客气,更委婉的语气.May I speak to you for a moment , please?Id like to open a window, if I may.Might I ask a question? Yes, you may . （may, might）No, you may not. 不可以 No, you mustnt. 一定不要No, youd better not.最好不要 No, you cant.2)在肯或否定句中表不太确定的推测(might表更加不确定的语气,might/could在肯定句表推测可互换) It may/might/could rain this afternoon.可能会下雨He might not be still waiting at the door now. 大概不会3)may表祝愿 放在句首,不用might (may sb do sth)May you succeed! May all your dreams come true.May you have a pleasant journey!wish:也可以表示祝愿 ( wish sb sth) Wish you success! Wish you a good luck!4)表示可能性It may/might rain tomorrow.He might be waiting you at the station. (他可能正在车站等你)5)may/might + have +doneTom may have left two hours ago.(Tom可能两个小时前就已经离开了。)Why hasnt he come? He may have missed the train.(他可能误了火车)6) may/might (just) as well 还是 的好；到不如 No one will eat this food, it might just as well be thrown away.3.Must:1)在肯,疑问句中表义务或必要性.“必须”“必要”语气强。在否定句中表禁止,“一定不要”We must think about it very seriously.You mustnt tell anyone about this-its a secret.注意： Must I take this medicine? Yes, you must. No, you neednt No, you dont have to.2)在肯句中表很有把握的推测(不太确定用may, might, could)：They must be having a very good time with their kids.他们一定正和孩子们玩得很愉快。You must have had a very good time in America last year.你去年在美国一定玩得很愉快。must have done: 对过去的情况的推测must 的一个常考含义： 表示坚持：“一定,非得”Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄这么大声吗？Why must you always interrupt me? 你为什么非得老是打扰我？4. shall 1)在主语为二、三人称的肯定句，shall表 决心,许诺,命令,警告,威胁。表说话人的意愿或决心。You shall do it immediately.( 表命令 )Nothing shall stop me once I have made up my mind.( 表决心 )2）在主语为一、三人称疑问句,表建议,征求对方意见或提出请求。 Shall he come in? Come in, please. Shall we set off at seven tomorrow morning? (=Lets set off,shall we ?3）shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或表示“应该、必须”。Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms. 我们俱乐部的成员都应该穿制服。5.should / ought to1)should和ought to 后都接动词原形,指 “应该”,表命令,劝告或建议等. You should / ought to do something to help her.2) should have done ought to have done “过去本该做却没有做 ” (暗示责备，批评或惋惜) should not have done ought not to have done “过去本不该做却做了You should have come earlier. 你本该早来。I ought to have bought that car last week.She was so unhappy. We shouldnt have hurt her feeling.我们本不应该伤害她的感情。3）表示推测，往往有一定的根据。The photos should be ready tomorrow morning.He ought to know English, as he has learned it.4）表示说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，“竟然”。You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.6. will 1)表意志,意愿 I will never talk about it again.If you will wait for half an hour, you will see him.The car wont start. “愿意”2)表请求 Will you come to my office for a moment, please? 7. would1).表意愿 I would like a cup of tea. We tried to borrow the dictionary, but the lady in the library wouldnt agree.2)表请求或征求对方的意见,比will更委婉,客气,如固定搭配Would you like to go with me ? Would you do me a favor?3)表过去的习惯性的动作. “惯于，总是”He would often get up early.He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.used to表过去的习惯动作或状态(现已不如此)与动词原形连用He used to get up early.(现在不已不早起了)8.need 表 “需要” dare “敢”只用于否，疑，条件句中 Need you go so soon? He dare not jump from the top of the wall. Dare you go home alone? -Need I go now? -Yes, you must./ No, you neednt.neednt have done过去不必做而实际已做了某事I neednt have bought so much wine.-Only five people came.在肯定句中，need，dare可做实义动词，有时态和人称变化dare作实动，后的不定式可带to（可省）need作实动后必须带toYou do not need to do it. She didnt dare (to) say anything like that.当堂检测：1.【2012江西卷】22We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 2.【2012重庆卷】25.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would3.【2012辽宁卷】24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. A. might B. could C. shall D. will4.【2012四川卷】9. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China. A. must B. might C. can D. should 5.【2012陕西卷】23.I_thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. A. wont B. cant C. can D. will 6.【2012全国II】17. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need7.【2012天津卷】 Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.A.couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt8.【2012全国新课程】30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt9. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. (2011辽宁卷21)A can B. may C. must D. will10. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全国卷新课标 3Awill Bcan Cmust Dshould11.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you_, in case he comes late for the meeting. （2011福建卷25）A. will B. must C. may D. can12. Play , you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (2011福建卷34)A. attended B. had attendedC. would attend D. would have attended13. I_ through that bitter period without your generous help. (2011陕西卷22)A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone14.Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西卷2)A. might B. must C. could D. shall15.I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not