汉英翻译讲义第2部分.doc

第三章 词语的翻译3.1 词的指称意义(denotation)和蕴涵意义(connotation)的理解与表达A) 翻译下列句子，注意句中划线部分词语指称意义和蕴涵意义的表达1. 他两岁就学会看表了。He could _ even when he was two.2. 我能看出你在想什么。I can _ your mind.3. 你要是觉得这东西还看的过去，就买下来吧。If you think _, then buy it.4. 他看出了她的破绽。 He _ her weak points.5. 那是万万不行的。 Thats _ out of the question.6. 我万万没有想到。 The idea _ occurred to me.7. 党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。A party member should listen carefully to the_of the masses.8. 他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。They made some_ for the revision of the plan.9. 大家对你很有意见。 People have a lot of _ about you.10.他们就推举谁做下届总统侯选人取得了一致意见。They have reached _ on who will be the presidential candidate for the next general election.11.他们在会上闹起了意见.They got into _ at the meeting.12.两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。The two leaders exchanged _on bilateral relations and issues of common concern.13. 那件大衣的面子很漂亮。_ of the coat is very beautiful.14. 如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。If one is afraid of _, he cannot expect to speak English well.15. 我是个爱面子的人，这种事我可做不出。I would not do such a thing-Im _.16. 不是我不买你的面子，实在是这事儿不好办。I have shown _, but there is really nothing I can do for you.Id like to _, but there is really nothing I can do for you.17. 南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to _ by gong to the kitchen on the third day and _ a fish, _ stands for fortune.18. 他是我父亲。 这姑娘是漂亮。 此人是书就读。He _ my father. This girl is _beautiful. This man reads _. 是古非今 是可忍，孰不可忍。_ the past to condemn the present. _ can be tolerated, what cannot?B) 请判断下列汉语成语的蕴涵意义与英文的equivalent是否相符1. 打草惊蛇to alert the enemy by accidental events before carrying out the planned attackto beat about the bush-try to say sth indirectly(旁敲侧击）2. 亡羊补牢to repair the stable after a sheep is gone, still in time to avoid further lossesto lock the stable after the horse has been stolen-贼走关门，为时已晚3. 骨鲠在喉to have an opinion that one cannot suppressto have a bone in ones throat-to avoid making ones opinion known4. 同舟共济to cooperate and help each other in order to overcome a difficultyto be in the same boat-to be in the same difficult situation or danger5. 怒发冲冠bristle with anger; to be in violent anger; fly into a rageto have ones hair stand on end-frighten sb; to fill one with horror or fright 6. 翻天覆地earth-shaking; epoch-makingto move heaven and earth-do ones utmost7. 洗手不干( of a thief. etc) to stop doing wrong and reform oneselfto wash ones hand of sb/sth-to refuse to take any more responsibility for sb/sth8. 扯后腿to hinder; to be a hindrance to sbto pull somebodys leg-make fun of sbC) 请选择最合适的表达来翻译各句中的“心”。Heart mind brain intention wish popularity feeling 必要时可更改单复数形式1. 心有余而力不足 Ones ability falls short of ones_.2. 您的建议我会永远铭记在心。 I will always bear your advice in_.3. 如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。Youll hurt her_ if you forget her birthday.4. 居心叵测 To nurse evil _5. 得人心者得天下 Those who gain_ among the people will gain the power.6. 劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。Those who work with _ rule and those who with their brawn are ruled.7. 哀莫大于心死 The greatest despair comes from a devastated _.3.2 词语英译与语言语境1. 我在学校读书的时候，有所谓的“强迫运动”，我踢破过几双球鞋，打断过几只球拍。因此侥幸维持下来最低的体力。In my school days, _the so-called “_ physical exercises”, I went in for many sports _ many pairs of sneakers and rackets, thus luckily building up a minimum of good physique.2. 身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep_, study_, and work_.3.天下第一鼓-陕北安塞腰鼓译文1：No. 1 Drum in the World, Ansai Waist Drum of Northern Shannxi译文2：The Majestic Ansai Waist Drum Dance of Northern Shaanxi4. 布衣素食译文1：wear clothes of cotton and eat vegetables 译文2：wear_clothes and eat _ food5. 西风，秋水，雁阵，衔着落日的远山，交融在一起，更增添打猎者的无限兴致。译文1：The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.译文2：An autumn stream ruffled by the west wind, and the lines of wild geese set against the background of distant mountains embracing the sinking sun, harmoniously merged to enhance the joy of hunters.6. 他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。译文1：He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to change medicine in the hospital.译文2：He had a scratch yesterday and now has gone to _ in the hospital.7. 富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。译文1：You will be enchanted by the unique European amorous feelings of Fuhua furniture.译文2：You will be enchanted by the unique European _of Fuhua furniture.8. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。这是一个关，这个关必须过。译文1：We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a barrier we must stride across.译文2：We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. _.9. 宜昌是巴楚文化的发源地，诞生了屈原、王昭君等千古风流人物。Yichang City is the birthplace/origin/ source of Chinese Bachu Culture _ many great personalities through the ages, such as _ Qu Yuan and _Wang Zhaojun.3.3 请改译（假朋友）1. 密码 secret code 2. 救火 save a fire3. “银耳”汤 “white fungus” soup 4. (美国)大片 big movie5. “金三角”经济开发区 a special economic development zone: a “Golden Triangle”6. 早恋 early love 7. 青春痘 youth spot8. 方便面 convenient noodles 9. 隐形眼镜 invisible glasses10. 课堂测验 classroom exam 11. 流动资金 circulating funds12. 拳头产品 fist product 13. 自学self learn 14. 听电话 listen the telephone 15. 风凉话 cold word 16. 三角债 triangle debts 17. 来信写到 the letter writes18. 赢得市场 gain market 19. 取得成就 make achievements20. 学习知识 learn knowledge 21.文化程度 cultural degree22. 社会工作 social work 23. 定向培训 training for certain direction24. 抓紧时间 grasp time firmly 25. 民族委员会 national committee26. 提高英语水平 raise the level of ones English27. 寒衣 cold clothes 28. 不冻港 non-freezing port请改译 (冗长表达)1. 难忘的记忆 an unforgettable memory 2. 不必要的浪费 unnecessary waste3. 不切实际的幻想 impractical illusion 4. 毫无根据的诽谤 groundless slander5. 耳朵听得见，眼睛看得见audible to the ear and visible to the eye 6. 西边的落日 sunset in the west 7. 未来的前景 future prospects8. 免费的礼物 free gift 9. 间接的引喻 an indirect allusion10. 返回 return back 11. 不公正的迫害 persecute unjustly3.4 词的搭配1. 假花 假牙 假唱 假钞 假酒 假新闻 假冒商品 假朋友2. 大雨 大风 大雾 浓茶 浓墨 浓烟3. 自我意识 竞争意识 文化意识4. 恶性循环 恶性肿瘤 恶性通货膨胀5.一次性拖鞋 一次性付款6. 发货 发传单 发言 发光发热 发电 发火7.打电话 打的 打水 打井 打圆场 打毛衣 打农药 （给车胎）打气8. 治国 治家 治病 治水9. 茶馆 照相馆 美术馆 展览馆 科技馆10. 基本工资 基本建设 基本设施 基本物质 基本工业 基本利益11. 出口创汇型企业 合资企业劳动(资金、技术)密集型产业 独资企业12.经济法制化 经济全球化社会知识化 国际关系民主化国民经济信息化 科研成果产业化3.5 请填空(两个成语的比喻意义一致, 但比喻形象不同, 可套译)1. 笑掉大牙 laugh off ones _ 2. 乱七八糟 at_ and sevens3. 东张西望 look right and_ 4. 抛砖引玉 to throw a sprat to catch a_5. 缘木求鱼 to seek a hare in _s nest 6. 挥金如土 spend money like_7. 胆小如鼠 as timid as a_ 8. 瓮中之鳖 like a _ in a hole9. 无风不起浪 no smoke without_ 10. 挂羊头卖狗肉 cry up _and sell vinegar11. 新官上任三把火 A new _sweeps clean 12. 偷鸡不着反蚀把米 go for wool and come back _13. 大海捞针 look for a needle in a bottle/bundle of _ 14. 一箭之遥 at a _s throw15. 守口如瓶 dumb as an _ 16. 面如土色 as white as a _17. 一模一样 as like as two _ 18. 蠢得象猪 as stupid as a _19. 犟得像牛 as stubborn as a _ 20. 睡得死沉 sleep like a _21. 对牛弹琴 cast pearls before _ 22. 掌上明珠 the _ of ones eye23. 满腹文章 have a _ crammed with knowledge 24. 聋得象石头 as deaf as a _25. 像没头苍蝇 as blind as a _3.6 四字排比结构的英译处理。汉语喜用四字排比，对仗工整；而英语喜用长句短句相杂。A). 汉语并列关系英语并列结构 1. adj + n; 2. n / adj + in + n; 3. propositional phrases; 4. nominal phrases; 5. verbal phrases.例1. 澜沧河河底低深，水流湍急，两岸高陡，令人望而生畏。The Langcang River is very much awe-inspiring_B). 汉语形式上是并列关系，实为主从关系英语译文把从属关系的四字结构处理为伴随结构或状语结构。例2. 作为世界第一大洲，亚洲幅员辽阔、人口众多、资源丰富，有着巨大的发展潜力。译文1：Asia, as the largest continent in the world, is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and enormous potential for development.译文2：Asia, as the largest continent in the world, enjoys enormous potential for development with a vast land, a huge population, and abundant natural resources.例3：TY型游梁式抽油烟机结构简单，安全可靠，制造简单，维修方便。广泛应用于世界石油生产。译文1：Type TY beam pumping unit is simple in structure, dependable in operation, easy in manufacture and convenient in maintenance. Thus, it finds wide application in petroleum production all over the world.译文2：Type TY beam pumping unit，simple in structure, dependable in operation, easy in manufacture and convenient in maintenance，finds wide application in petroleum production all over the world.C) 汉语因果关系英语译文中将原因部分放在前面，中间用“导致”或“形成”等类似的动词连接。例4. 江中多滩，易阻行舟，然而急湍澎湃，惊涛轰鸣，气势磅礴。Many hidden shoals in the river _ to navigators. And the surges of the swift current and roars of the terrifying waves _ great momentum.例5. 和风细雨之时，片言只语之间，就能把人吹昏大脑，捧麻手脚。A few mild words/ praises _people muddle-headed and lost in what to do.D) 汉语喜同义重复以加强语气或修辞英语译文中省略。有时删繁就简，高度概括原文核心内容。例6. 这支歌唱遍了神州大地，唱满了50年悠悠岁月，余音袅袅，一曲难忘。The song has been sung all over China for 50 years, and the melody still lingers in the air.例7. 他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He was determined to _例8. 建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系。We should establish a _administrative system.【解析】“办事、运转、行为”在汉语中纯粹是为了行文对称而增添的词语，在英语中却是冗余信息。3.7.简答题： 1. Answer the following questions about idiom translation. 隔墙有耳: Walls have ears. 眼见为实: Seeing is believing. 肉中刺: a thorn in the fleshQuestions: What kind of strategy is applied in translating the above group of idioms? Why can this strategy be considered? Try to translate the following idioms by using the same method. 浑水摸鱼 趁热打铁 空中楼阁 Key:This strategy involves using an idiom in existence in English to translate a Chinese idiom. Such a strategy can be considered because an idiom in the target language conveys roughly the same meaning as that of the source-language idiom and, in addition, consists of equivalent lexical item. This kind of match can only occasionally be achieved.浑水摸鱼 to fish in troubled waters 趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot. 空中楼阁 castle in the air2. Answer the following questions about idiom translation. 胸有成竹 to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth.眉飞色舞 to beam with joy毛遂自荐 to volunteer ones serviceQuestions: What kind of strategy is applied in translating the above group of idioms? Why can this strategy be considered? Try to translate the following idioms by using the same method. 藕断丝连 悬梁刺股Key:3. 春华秋实，硕果累累，两万多名教育教学人才走出学校大门，足迹遍及全国，桃李满天下。1) Flowers bloom gloriously in spring, and fruits hand heavy in autumn. More than 20 thousand students have graduated from the university and are now teaching nationwide. Their footprints are all over the country and they bear fruits like peaches and plums all over the world.2) As a reward to the teachers efforts, more than 20 thousand students have graduated from the university and are now teaching nationwide.Questions: Which English version do you prefer? Why? Key:4. Read the SL and TL versions below.休息室 rest room 食言 eat ones words 酸奶 sour milk 海狗 sea dogQuestions: The English equivalents of the above Chinese expressions are recognized as “false friends”. What are the characteristics of such false friends? Please find out the “true friends” for the above Chinese phrases and write them down on your answer sheet. Key:5. Answer the questions after you read the SL and TL versions below. 王利发：哎哟！秦二爷，您怎么这样闲在，会想起下茶馆来了？ Well, Master Qin! How can you spare the time to drop in on us like this?Questions:What meaning is conveyed in the expression “秦二爷”? What is lost in the translation? Is such a translation acceptable? Why? Key: Here, 秦二爷is combined by three characters “秦”、“二” and“爷”, denoting complex meaning: his family name “Qin”, being the second child in the family, and peoples respect for him. However, the translation Master Qin does not include the concept of seniority in the original. The meanings of the two collocations therefore do not map completely. But the change or loss here is not fatal since this is the addressing term in a performing drama, which requires naturalness and smoothness on the stage. Accuracy is no doubt an important aim in translation, but the use of common TL patterns which are familiar to the target readers also plays an important role in keeping the communication channel open. So a certain amount of loss, addition, or skewing of meaning is often unavoidable. The degree of acceptability of a change in collocational meaning depends on the significance of the change in the context. 练习（四字词组的翻译）1. 校园依山傍水，绿树成荫，花香四溢，堪称求学胜地。2. 每年农历六月为黄龙寺庙会，方圆几百里的各族人民前来赶会。届时，帐篷连营，人马喧腾，歌舞相杂，十分