对写作非常有用的5个段子.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料对写作非常有用的5个段子 摘要： 对写作非常有用的5个段子。本文为大家总结积累的这些托福作文部分的短文大家不妨多多参考，这些短文可以帮助我们积累有用的词汇和句型，也可以掌握文章写作思路，充实托福写作论据。 1. 文科段子：艺术类音乐 It may seem strange that were discussing music from a Broadwayproduction in this class, The Lion King especially, since itsbased on a popular Hollywood movie. I mean music preformed for Broadway theaterin the heart of New York city surely would seem to be in the western traditionof popular music and not have much in common with the music we have beenstudying in this course, such as gamelan music of Indonesia, or Zulu chants ofSouth Africa, music that developed outside the western tradition of Europe andAmerica. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing tradition of borrowingfront one anothers cultures. And this productions director intentionallyincluded both western and non-western music. That way, some of the rhythms,instrument, and harmonies typical of non-western music contrast with andcomplement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America andEurope, music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spendthe rest of this class and most of the next one on the music from the showThe Lion King as a way of summarizing some of the technicaldistinctions between typical western music and the non-western music that wevebeen studying. Now the African influence on the music is clear. The story takesplace in Africa. So the director got a South African composer to write songswith a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include words from Africanlanguages. But well get back to the African influence later. First lets turnto the music that was written for the shadow puppet scenes in The LionKing, music based on the Indonesian music used in the shadow puppettheater of that region. 2. 理科段子：天文学 In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc.Well over 2,000 years ago; the ancient Greek philosophers were able to putforward two good arguments proving that it was not. Direct observations ofheavenly bodies were the basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knewthat during eclipses of the moon the earth was between the sun and the moon,and they saw that during these eclipses, the earths shadow on the moon wasalways round, they realized that this could be true only if the earth wasspherical, It the earth was a flat disc, then its shadow during eclipses wouldnot be a prefect circle; it would be stretched out into a long ellipse. Thesecond argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. Theynoticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when theytraveled south, in the more northerly regions, the North Star appeared to themto be much higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference inthe apparent position of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated theapproximate distance around the circumference of the earth, a figure recordedin ancient documents says 400.000 stadium, thats the plural of the worldstadium. Today, its not known exactly what length one stadium represents, butlets say it was about 200 meters, the length of many athletic stadiums. Thiswould make the Greeks estimate about twice the figure accepted today, a verygood estimate for those writing so long before even the first telescope wasinvented. 3. 文科段子：文学名著 Continuing our survey of the 19th century, lets take a look now atHarriet Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Toms Cabin,a book that details the harshness of plantation life in the south. The book wasextremely popular in the United States as well as in other countries.Ironically though, for all the attention given to Uncle Toms Cabin, its farfrom Stowes best work. She did write one other novel about life in the south,but much of her best work has nothing with the south at all. In fact, Stowesbest writing is about village life in the New Englands states in the 19thcentury. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about, Stoweclaimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically aspossible. She usually succeeded, for her settings were often describedaccurately and in detail. In this sense, she was an important forerunner to therealistic movement that became popular later in the 19th century. She was oneof the first writers to use local dialect for her characters when they spoke.And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain popularized the use of localdialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New England life, sinceshe was born in Connecticut. As a young woman there, she worked as a teacher.The teaching job helped lead to her first published work, a geography book forchildren. Later when she was married, her writing helped her support her familyfinancially. Throughout her life, she wrote poems, travel books, biographicalsketches and childrens books, as well as novels for adults. 4. 生活段子：噪音影响 Im grad to see so many of you here. Weve become really alarmedover the health center by the number of students we are seeing, who areexperiencing hearing loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing.Then we can take a look at our school environment and see if we can figure outsome ways to protect hearing. The leading cause of preventable hearing loss isexcessive noise. Too much moderate noise for a long time or some types ofintense noise for even a short time can damage hearing. Loudness is measured inunits called decibels. One decibel is the lowest sound that the average personcan here. Sounds up to 80 decibels generally arent harmful. Thats noise liketraffic on a busy street. But anything louder than 80 decibels, especially withcontinuous exposure, may eventually hurt your hearing. Once you are up toaround 140 decibels, thats like a jet plane taking off, then you might evenfeel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearings at risk.Even one exposure to a really loud noise at close range can cause hearing loss.So what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you passalong this handout, we can take a look at the decibel level of some commoncampus sounds. Notice how loud those horns are that people take to footballgames. They are really dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, lets try togenerate a list of damaging noises. 5. 文科段子：电影艺术 To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first twoclasses giving you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts.Once you are a little more familiar with basic film terminology, we will beready to look at the history of movies in the United States. Youll be expectedto attend showing of films on Tuesday evenings at 7 oclock in JenningsAuditorium. Thats our lab. Then during our Wednesday seminar, well discuss indepth the movie we saw the night before. We are not covering silent films inthis course. We will begin with the first talking motion picture, The JazzSinger, released in 1927. The next week, well be looking at The Gold D