成人英语教学的难点分析.docVIP

/ / / 一、引言First, the introduction 在高速发展的现代社会，终生教育已成为教育领域中不可或缺的一部分，而实施终生教育的很大一部分要靠远程教育来实现。远程教育系统的教育对象通常是肩负着社会和家庭重任的成人，因而有着其教育的特殊性。他们由于基础的不同、动机的不同以及工作等原因在英语的教与学中存在着一系列的问题。In the rapid development of modern society, lifelong education has become an indispensable part of in the field of education, and implementation of a large part of lifelong education by distance education. Remote education system of the education object is usually shoulder the social and family burden of adults, and therefore has its particularity of education. They are different because of different basis, motive and work in English teaching and learning there is a series of problems. 二、成人英语教学的难点Second, adult English teaching 成人英语教学有其自身的特点和难点。学习和教学的困难概括起来主要有以下四点：Adult English teaching has its own characteristics and the difficulty. The difficulty of learning and teaching in summary basically has the following four points: 1.英语基础各异1. Basic English 远程教育中的成人学员因为年龄不一样，大多在20岁到35岁之间，起点不一，外语程度参差不齐，所受教育程度也不一样，比如专升本，对他们的英语水平要求较高，但只有少数具备大专水平，大多数学员底子较薄，有的原来学其他语种，外语是零基础。Remote education of adult students because of age, mostly between the ages of 20 to 35, have different starting point, foreign language level is uneven, the level of education is different also, such as rise only this, to their English the demand is higher, but only a few possess a college level, most of the students foundation is relatively thin, some original learning other languages, English is zero basis. 2.学习动机各异2. Different learning motivation 成人学员参加远程学习的动机各不相同：有的是确实想来学点东西，扩大知识面，改善知识结构；有的是以前没考进大学或错过上大学的机会从而来圆一回大学梦；有些则是因为工作的变动或是职位的升迁需要另外的知识结构或需要个文凭，他们很多因为工作的原因而不能专心学习。Adult students to participate in distance learning motivation each are not identical, have a plenty of really want to learn something, the expanded aspect of knowledge, improve knowledge structure; Havent got into college or miss the chance of going to university to university of time dream; Some are because of changes in the work or job promotion need additional knowledge structure or need a diploma, they a lot because of my job and cant concentrate on learning. 3.工作与学习的矛盾3. The contradiction between work and learning 成人学员来自不同的工作岗位，业务繁忙，有些还要照顾家庭，干扰他们学习的因素较多。他们一面要工作一面还要学习，在时间上经常会产生矛盾，尤其是那些管理比较严格的单位，他们不像全日制的普通高校学生有充足的学习时间，因而，成人要坚持学习需要更大的决心。Adult students come from different jobs, the business is busy, some had to take care of family, many factors interfere with their learning. A side they have to work and learning, often conflict on time, especially to the unit management is strict, they dont like a full-time ordinary college students have plenty of time, therefore, the adult needs to keep learning more determination. 4.愿望与实际结果的矛盾4. Wish the contradiction with the actual result 很多成人学员在入学时都想认真学习，希望能真正学到点东西。但是远程教育的面授时间较少，需要学员自学，需要他们有较强的学习主动性，尤其是语言学习，只有循序渐进，日积月累才能有所成效。因而，很多学员在坚持了一段时间后，发现收效甚微就放弃了，从而导致通不过英语这门课程的结果。Many adult students want to study at enrolment, hope I can really learn something. But the face of the remote education time is less, need to self-study students, need their strong learning initiative, especially in language learning, only step by step, accumulate over a long period can be worked. As a result, many students insist on a period of time, found little gave up, which can lead to pass the English as a result of this course. 三、如何加强成人英语教学Three, how to strengthen the adult English teaching 对成人来说，掌握外语的言语能力是最困难的任务，以发音为例，年龄越大，越不容易纠正。随着年龄的增大，母语的使用加深了其固化的过程，因此，消除母语的干扰会更加困难，影响了英语学习的速度。要帮助成人学好英语，主要有以下几个解决方法。For adults, to master a foreign language speech ability is the most difficult task, with pronunciation as an example, the older you get, the less easy to correct. As the increase of age, the use of mother tongue to deepen its curing process, therefore, to eliminate the interference of mother tongue will be more difficult, affected the speed of learning English. To help adults learn English well, basically has the following several solutions. 1.转变教师观念1. Change the teachers ideas 传统教育模式是以教师为中心，采用课堂面授的形式进行教学。教育心理学中的建构主义认为：知识主要不是通过教师传授得到，而是学习者在一定的情景及社会文化背景下，借助他人（主要是教师和同学）的帮助，利用必要的学习资源，通过意义建构的方式获得的。因此，与传统教育模式下的师生的特点不同，现代远程教育中的师生的角色赋予了现代远程教育教与学的概念以新的内涵。其倡导以学习者为中心的自主学习，将教学活动的中心从教师转向学生。远程教育中，师生总是处于准永久性分离的状态，学生身兼数职的特点，决定了教学支持服务的安排等等，都要充分考虑学生是成人和业余学习等诸多的因素。教师不仅需做到一专多能，更要更新教育观念，更新教学方法，熟悉现代教育技术和媒体运用，完成由知识型向技能型的转变，才能胜任新时代远程教育工作的要求。The traditional education mode is the teacher as the center, in the form of face-to-face teaching in the teaching. Education psychology of constructivism thinks that knowledge not primarily by teachers to teach, but learners in certain situations and social cultural background, with the help of others (mainly) teachers and classmates help, using the necessary learning resources, through the way of meaning construction. Thus, differs from the traditional education mode of teachers and students characteristics, the role of teachers and students in modern distance education gives the concept of modern distance education teaching and learning with new connotation. Its advocates to learners autonomous learning as the center, the center of teaching activity from teachers to students. In distance education, the teachers and students are always in a state of quasi permanent separation, students the characteristics of pluralism, determines the arrangement of the teaching support service, etc., should give full consideration to the students is adult and amateur study, and many other factors. Teachers not only need to do is mastering many skills while specializing in, more to update the education concept, update teaching methods, familiar with using modern education techniques and media, complete from knowledge-based to technical change, remote education work requirements to qualify new era. 2.创设网上交流活动，弥补面对面交流的不足2. Create online exchanges, make up for the lack of face-to-face communication 远程教育的面授辅导次数少，学生与教师面对面交流的次数也相应减少。通过教学平台和学生班级网站等提出课前应讨论的问题，与学生进行充分的交流，包括教学资源交流、重点难点问题讨论。激发学生进一步学习、思考的兴趣，引导学生进入角色，认真思考，能够在语言输入的同时，更注重语言的输出，做到学以致用。Fewer face to award coach of the remote education, the number of students and teachers face to face communication also reduce accordingly. Through the teaching platform and students in the class website, etc. Put forward the problems to be discussed before class, fully communication with students, including teaching resources exchange, discuss the difficult problem. Stimulate students interest in further study, thinking, and guide students into the role, carefully thinking, can in the language input at the same time, pay more attention to language output, do apply. 3.重视文化背景知识的传授3. Attaches great importance to the cultural background knowledge teaching 要有意识、有目的、尽可能多地介绍和传授使用英语国家的文化背景知识以及异文化间的差异，努力提高成人学生对语言和文化差异的敏感性，使他们了解生活在不同社会背景中的人们的语言特征和文化习惯。语言不是独立于人类社会之外的抽象的结构系统，它是社会的一部分，是人性和人本身的一部分。不同的语言代表着不同的文化，任何一个国家和民族的语言和文化都是不可分割的一个有机体，它们相互依存，相互作用。语言是文化的负载体，没有语言，文化无以负载，没有文化，语言也就是一个空壳。在英语教学中，即使基本知识掌握得很好，但如果对其文化特征缺乏认识和了解，忽视了母语和目的语在文化上的差异，也不免会导致判断失误。To conscious, purposeful, introduce and teach as much as possible use English cultural background knowledge of the country and the differences between different culture, efforts to improve adult students sensitivity to the differences in language and culture, and make them understand living in different social background of the language features and cultural habits. Language is not the abstract structure of the system independent of human society, it is a part of society, is a part of human nature and human itself. Different languages represent different cultures, no country and national language and culture are inseparable an organism, they are mutually dependent and interacting. Language is negative carrier of culture, without language, culture without load, without culture, language is nothing but a vacant shell. In English teaching, even the basic knowledge well, but if the lack of knowledge and understanding of the cultural characteristics, ignoring the mother tongue and target language in cultural differences, also inevitably lead to poor judgment. 4.灵活运用面授辅导课4. The flexible use of the tutorial 面授辅导课可以解决学生在自学过程中遇到的学习困难。学生遇到的很多问题属于语言障碍或与此相关的知识问题。为此，通过在课堂上让学生提问，教师进行解答。学生通过拨打电话，发电子邮件，电子公告牌（BBS）和语音答疑系统等方式也可与教师交流，这样，授业解惑式的传统教师的作用也延伸到了课外。The tutorial can solve the learning difficulties encountered in the process of students in self-study. Students encounter many problems belong to the language barrier or knowledge related to this problem. Therefore, through the let students ask questions in class, the teacher answer. Students through telephone, E-mail, electronic bulletin boar