某国人单复数(7年级上).docVIP

名词根据词的意义、形态特征及其在句子中的作用，将词分为若干类，叫做词类。英语的词通常分为10类。其中名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词为实词，冠词、介词、连词和感叹词为虚词。英语名称缩写形式汉语名称意义例词Nounn.名词表示人、事物或地点的名称Alice, boybook, carArticleart.冠词用在名词前，帮助说明其所指对象a（an）, thePronounpron.代词代替名词、数词等this, that, I, itmy, yourAdjectivea.或adj.形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征blue, big, beautifulNumeralnum.数词表示数量或顺序first, threeVerbv.动词表示动作或状态be, have, goAdverbad.或adv.副词表示动作的特征often, usuallyPrepositionprep.介词表示名词，代词等和其他词之间的关系in, on, atConjunctionconj.连词连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句and, butInterjectionint.或interj.感叹词表示说话时的喜悦，惊讶等情感或语气oh, hello 英语名词（Noun）可以从形式上进行分类，英语名词可以划分成专有名词和普通名词两大类。从意义上划分，英语名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。一般来说，个体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns）。物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。集合名词有的可数，有的不可数。一、普通名词 普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式。如a/one child，ten children。而不可数名词一般只有一种形式。如cash（现金）。不可数名词之前不可直接用泛指限定词和数词。不可数名词可与some一起用。如：some money，some water。也可与the一起用：the information（这信息）。（一）可数名词及其复数形式 （1）可数名词的复数形式一般由词尾加-s或-es构成，其规则见下表：类 别构 成 法读 音例 词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/maps, books在浊辅音及元音后读/z/cars, photos在/t/后读/ts/cats, students在/d/后读/dz/beds, guards在/dZ/后读/iz/bridges, ages以字母s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加-es在/s/, /z/, /S/,/tS/后读/iz/classes, brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的词将y改成i,加-es/z/factories, stories以字母o结尾的词一般加-es/z/potatoes, tomatoes少数外来词或缩略词加-s/z/radios, pianos以字母f或fe结尾的词一般加-s/s/roofs, chiefs少数将f, fe, 改为-ves/z/shelves, knives有些加-s或改为-ves均可/s/或/z/scarfs/scarves（2）可数名词复数形式的不规则构成法 英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。这种情况主要有： 元音字母变化。例如： foot-feet man-men . woman-women tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice 结尾为-en。例如： child-children 单复数同形。 单复数同形的名词主要有：sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer等。 只有复数形式。例如：trousers, goods 等。（二）可数名词和不可数名词 英语中的绝大多数名词既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。 1可数名词 可数名词一般可以分成以下三类： 第一类：如bike，desk， factory等，这类名词占可数名词的多数。以bike为例： There are fifty bikes at this shop这家商店有50辆自行车。 第二类：如clothes等，本身表示复数形式。以clothes为例： She cares for nice clothes她爱好穿着。 2不可数名词不可数名词的用法特征主要有以下几种： （1）不带冠词的单数形式需用动词单数作谓语。例如： Knowledge is power知识就是力量。 （2）由much，little等词修饰。例如： They have saved much money for future use他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。 （3）与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用。例如： Go and fetch me a piece of chalk给我去拿一支粉笔。 要十分注意的是：不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。如不能说a good news, an advice, a hard work等。 不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组：如： a piece of paper 一张纸 a drop of water 一滴水a 1oaf of bread 一条面包 a bag of money 一袋钱a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 a pair of shoes 一双鞋二、专有名词专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。（一）人名 英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。例如：Mary Smith；George Washington。 （1）一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如： Hows John getting on? 约翰近来好吗？ （2）在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时，常把姓和称谓连用。例如： Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰史密斯到办公室来一次好吗? （3）姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如：The Turners have gone to America特纳一家人去美国了。（二）地名 （1）大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如： Asia；America；China； London；Shanghai （2）大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如： Silver Lake；Mount Tai（3）山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如：the Pacific；the English Channel；the Sahara（三）日期名（1）节日名前通常不用冠词。例如： Christmas；National Day（2）星期名前通常不用冠词。例如： Sunday；Tuesday（3）月份名前通常不用冠词。例如： April；December三、名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加s构成；另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如：Childrens Palace 少年宫Toms bike 汤姆的自行车the title of the book 书名the legs of the table 桌子的腿（一）所有格形式的构成（1）单数名词后加s，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。例如： the girls father 女孩的父亲 （2）以s结尾的复数名词后加。例如： two hours walk 两个小时的步行 （3）不以s结尾的复数名词后加s。例如： the childrens holiday 孩子们的节日 （4）以s结尾的人名，可以加s，也可加号。例如： Thomass brother 托马斯的兄弟 Charless job 查尔斯的工作 （5）表示各自的所有关系，不是共有的，则要分别在名词末尾加s，如： Johns and Marys rooms 约翰和玛丽各人的房间 若表示共有的，则在最后一个名词的末尾加s，如： John and Marys room 约翰和玛丽合住的房间（二）s所有格的用法 s所有格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西。例如：（1）表示时间： todays newspaper 今天的报纸 （2）表示自然现象： the moons rays 月光 （3）表示国家、城市机构：.Shanghais industry 上海的工业 （4）表示度量衡及价值：.twenty dollars value 20美元的价值.five miles distance 5英里的距离（三）s所有格所表示的关系1表示所有关系可分为可分割的所有关系和不可分割的所有关系。可分割的所有关系通常指身外之物，一般不可用of表示。例如：Johns pen（John has a pen）约翰的钢笔不可说：a pen of John但不可分割的所有关系，指自身拥有的不可分割的东西可用s也可用of表示。例如：Marys hands（Mary has two hands）玛丽的手可以说：the hands of Mary2表示主谓关系the doctors advice（The doctor advised）医生的建议his mothers request（His mother requested）他母亲的请求3表示动宾关系Toms failure 汤姆的失败childrens education 年轻一代的教育4表示同位语关系（通常用of表示）the city of Rome罗马城the city of Pairs巴黎城四、复习时需要注意的要点（1）有些名词形式像复数，但含义是单数，而有些名词是没有单数形式的，应注意谓语动词的选用。例如：aMaths is the language of sciencebNo news is good newscThe Chinese people are a great people（2）在“there be”的句子中，谓语动词的数应和它最近的主语的数相一致例如：aThere are two pictures on the wallbThere is a cat and two dogs in the garden(3) 不规则名词的复数形式 改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如：man men，woman women，tooth teeth，foot feet，mouse mice，child children等。单复数形式相同。如：sheep，deer，fish等，以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词。如：yuan.另外以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族的名词也一样同形。如：Chinese，Japanese，Swiss等。以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s.如：Americans，Asians，Russians，Australians，Italians，Germans等。注意：Englishman Englishmen，Frenchman Frenchmen. 复合名词的复数形式：在词末加-(e)s，如：afternoons，housewives等。把主体名词变成复数形式。如：lookers-on(旁观者)，passers-by(过路人)等。由man或woman作为第一部分的复数名词，两个组成部分皆变为复数形式。如：man driver men drivers，woman doctor women doctors等。5 注意：banana tree banana trees(4)几种特殊的复数形式的名词 有些表示由两部分构成的东西和部分学科的名词总以复数的形式出现。如：glasses(眼镜)，shorts(短裤)，mathematics(数学)，physics(物理学)，politics(政治学)等。.有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义。如：papers(文件)，manners(礼貌)，goods(货物)，times(时代)，conditions(环境；情况)等。有些名词在习惯用语中一定要用复数形式。如：make friends with(与交朋友)，shake hands with(与握手)等。五、例题选讲例1There are in this river Aa great deal of fishBa great number of fishCa great amount of fishDhuge amounts of fish答案：B提示：根据题意应填入许多鱼，而fish是单复数同形的可数名词，如果要表示各种各样的鱼可以用fishes表示。Fish解释为鱼肉是不可数名词。本句表示河里有许多鱼，只有a great number of修饰可数名词。例2He has done many .AworkBjobCworksDjobs答案：D提示：job是可数名词，在many后应填复数名词。work作为“工作”是一个不可数名词。例3 father is a doctor.AThe twinsBThe twinsCThe twinDTwins答案：B提示：名词复数的所有格形式只需在词尾加“”，不能再加“-s”。例4I take violin from Mr. Wang at school everyday.AlessonBlessonsCclassDcourse答案：B提示：在英语中有些名词常以复数形式出现，Lessons表示课程。例5There on the wall, they are very nice.Aare photosBare photoesCis a photoDis photo答案：A提示：photo的复数形式是加-s。例6The police searching for a tall man with long hair.AisBhas beenChad beenDare答案：D提示：police代表整体，谓语要用复数。初中英语语法大全_名词初中英语分类练习 名词部分 一. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 二. 将下列词组译成英语： 1、一群孩子 2、两箱子苹果 3、三篮子蔬菜 4、九块面包 5、十杯牛奶 6、五块肉 7、多种植物 8、一副眼镜 9、两块冰 10、三张纸 11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶 13、六碗米饭 14、七袋米 15、八块木头 16、九块金属 三. 写出下列各词的名词形式： 1. work _ 2. teach _ 3. sing _ 4. ill _ 5. fight _ 6. invent _ 7. wait _ 8. woolen _ 9. win _ 10. thankful _ 11. foreign _ 12. cloudy _ 13. run _ 14. dirty _ 15. visit _ 16. funny _ 17. wooden _ 18. medical _ 19. operate _ 20. hot _ 21. invite _ 22. worried _ 23. build _ 24. please _ 25. help _ 26. safe _ 27. die _ 28. dangerous _ 29. draw _ 30. noisy _ 四. 选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. The _ of machine made us feel sick. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises 4. The blouse is made of _. A. a wool B. these wood C. wools D. wool 5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 6. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 7. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 8. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 9. Tom is _. He will come to see me. A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine 10. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 11. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. Its a long _ to Paris. Its two thousand kilometers. A. street B. road C. way D. end 13. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 14. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 15. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 16. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 17. - Wheres Mr. White? - Hes in _. A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202 18. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _. A. places B. homes C. rooms D. buildings 19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 20. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 21. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 22. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings 23. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 24. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 25. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 26. Whats the Chinese for “ PRC”? A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民共和国 C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党 27. Sam gave Ann some _ to look after Polly while he was away. A. picture-books B. inventions C. instructions D. messages 28. - Which of the following animals lives only in China? - The _. A. monkey B. elephant C. panda D. cat 29. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 30. The third month of the year is _. A. March B. January C. February D. April 31. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 32. How wonderful! The _ is made of _. A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 33. I met some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 34. _ is the best time for planting trees. A. Summer B. Winter C. Spring D. Autumn 35. Tom was badly hurt in the match. They carried him to the _ as quickly as possible. A. bank B. post office C. shop D. hospital 36. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 37. There are seven _ in a week. A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 38. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 39. Its very cold today. Why dont you put on your _? A. watch B. shirt C. sweater D. glasses 40. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America 41. They took a lot of _ in the childrens park. A. photo B. photoes C. photos D. the photo 42.There is _ in the bottle. A. no any orange B. not a orange C. not any orange D. no oranges 43. Maths _ an important subject taught in the middle school. A. are B. is C. was D. were 44. There are more _ in this hospital than in that one. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. womens doctor D. women doctors 45. The _ eat a lot of rice. A. Japan people B. Japanese C. Japaneses D. people of Japanese 46. Two _ and five _ are studying Chinese at Beijing University. A. German, English B. Germans, English C. Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen 47. Then the _ began to eat the green _ of young trees. A. deer, leafs B. deer, leaves C. deer, leaf D. deers, leafs 48. Would you like _ ? A. some rice B. any rice C. some rices D. any rices 49. Dont hurry! We still have _ time left. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 50. These mountains will be covered with tree in _ . A. a few years time B. a few years time C. a few years times D. a few years times 51. The children had _ in the park. A. good times B. good time C. the good time D. a good time 52. I am busy with my work these days. I dont get _. A. many sleep B. much sleep C. more sleep D. most sleep 53. This is an interesting _. A. news B. information C. work D. job 54. Her parents are _. A. English B. America C. Frenchman D. two English 55. Room 110 on the second floor is the _ office. I know some of them. A. doctors B. doctors C. doctors D. doctorss 56. The room is _. They are brothers. A. Tom and Mikes B. Toms and Mikes C. Toms and Mike D. Tom and Mike 57. The box is made of a kind of hard _. A. wooden B. wood C. woods D. word 58. Can you see some _ on the hill? A. sheeps and deers B. sheeps and deer C. sheep and deers D. sheep and deer 59. How many _ shall we pay for the special service? A. money B. yuans C. dollars D. pound 60. I have many friends here. Lily is _. A. mine friend B. a friend of my C. one of my D. one of them 61.- Would you like some _? -Thank you, but I am not hungry. A. breads B. cakes C. oranges D. orange juice 62. Dont make any _, the boy is sleeping. A. voice B. noise C. music D. laugh 63. She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we cannot say Taiyuan is her _. A. hometown B. second home C. family D. house 64. Is this your _ for making so many mistakes? A. idea B. mind C. excuse D. result 65. There are few _ for supper. Would you please buy some carrots and cabbages on your way home? A. meat B. eggs C. fruit D. vegetables 66. - Would you like some _? - Oh, yes, just a little please. A. pears B. apples C. bananas D. milk 67. - Can you finish the work in a week? - No _. A. problem B. matter C. trouble D. question 68. Is there a little _ left for me? A. room B. place C. ground D. house 69. The sign “_!” is often seen on the box. A. NO PHOTOS B. NO SMOKING C. BUSINESS HOURS D. THIS SIDE UP 70. Help yourselves to some _, children. A. fish B. fishes C. a piece of fish D. a fish 71. - Here is the _, please. - Oh. Fried meat with some green peppers and two eggs. A. bill B. list C. book D. menu 72. _ is used to eat soup. A. Knife B. Fork C. Spoon D. Chopsticks 73. - Whats the _ like today? - Its sunny. A. climate B. weather C. sky D. space 74. Two thirds are _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. woman doctor D. women doctors 75. Its _ walk from my home to our school. A. two minutes B. two minutes C. two minutes D. two-minutes 五. 各地中考题选编： 1. - Where is Tom? - Hes left a _ saying that he has something important to do. A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news 2. There is no _ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. seats 3. - Would you like some _? - Oh, yes. Just a little. A. pears B. oranges C. sugar D. apples 4. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on _. KEEP IN A COLD PLACE A. food B. money C. clothes D. books 5. Mr. Green has lived in the _ hotel since he came to China. A. five-star B. five-stars C. five stars D. five stars 6. She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second _. A. home B. family C. house D. place 7. - Whats the _ today? - Its June 26. A. day B. date C. time D. hour 8. English is spoken as a first language in _. A. the USA B. France C. Japan D. China 9. _ comes from cows. A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk 10. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much _ here. A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds 附加练习 1. We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us_. A.some advice B.advices C.an advice D.some advices 2. What _ theyve got! No wonder they are very happy. A.a good news B.quite a few news C.good news D.little n