2011中考英语知识点梳理及操练动词.docVIP

2011中考之英语知识点梳理及操练 初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择，来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时，不但要从语法角度去考虑，而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样，才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。 这一大题需要注意的是：在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外，还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中，有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的，因此，不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点，学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累，在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外，在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。六.动词: 动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式 八种时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done 一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done 一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done 现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done 过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done 现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done 过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done 过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 不定式: do; not do; to do; not to do 命令式: do; dont do 现在分词: doing 动名词: doing 过去分词: done例题解析:( ) Look. Mary _ a nice dog. She _ it just now. A) has drawn, drewB) drew, has drawnC) is drawing, drewD) is drawing, has drawn在“Look”、“Its evening”、“Where is sb. ?”等句子后面，可能要用“现在进行时”，也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正，要根据具体情况来具体分析，考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just now”意为“刚才”，很明显要用“一般过去时”，因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥，造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) This kind of fridge _ very well. A) sell B) sells C) are sold D) is sold在英语中，表达某物销路不错，要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式，而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this kind of fridge”是单数第三人称，所以本题答案应该选“B”。( ) What _ Mr. Smith? He looks worried so much. A) happens withB) happens toC) happened withD) happened to在英语中，“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took place”，要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事？他显得很焦虑。”因此，“发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式，应该用“一般过去时”的“happened to sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) Mary: Shall I tell Michael about the news? Jack: No, you _. Hes already known it. A) cant B)mustnt C) neednt D) dont 本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must I do ?”、“Shall I do ?”、“Would you like me to do ?”问句后面都可以用“No, you neednt.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该选“C”。在“May I ?”问句后面，通常有以下几种否定回答：1. No, you mustnt. 2.No, you may not. 3. Sorry, you cant. 4.Im afraid you cant. 5. No, you cant.( ) _ clothes are usually _ near a fire in winter. A) Washed, hungB) Washed, hangedC) Washing, hungD) Washing, hanged “washed”意为“被洗过的”，可以修饰“衣服”；“washing”意为“正在洗的”，它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”，该用过去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词，但是它的意思是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。( ) The book _ by me. I _ it to a friend of mine. A) is written, sentB) is written, have sent C) was written, sentD) was written, have sent “书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作，该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”，那就是指书的特点了，就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的，不该用一般过去时，而该用现在完成时。这种类型的时态，学生最容易错，千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。( ) Mr. Jackson _ the city quite well since he _ in the city for a couple of years. A) knows, wasB) has known, wasC) knows, has beenD) has known, has been 本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意，因此，前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由于”，与“as”近义。根据句意，“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”，要用“一般现在时”表达；“他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情况，要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) Could you tell me _? A) how to do it B) why do it C) how to do D) what to do it 由于“do”通常用作及物动词，因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”，所以本题答案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要，为了熟记它，可以背一句口诀：“how to do it, what to do”。( ) English is his favourite subject. He can _ it very fluently. A) sayB) talkC) speakD) tell 由于后句“it”指的是“English”，因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词，后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作不及物动词用，也可作及物动词，宾语只能是语言。“tell”的宾语有限；有“a story”、“the difference”、“the truth”、“a lie”、“the time”等。“say”可跟的宾语最多，不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示；即我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑，一定要看清楚它的内涵，即注意到它的真正含义是什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性：例1. A recorder is used to learn English in our class. 例2. His spoken English is poor. He only speaks a word of it.( ) Mr. Black is the manager of this company. He _ this company. A) takes charge ofB) is responsible toC) is in the charge ofD) has the duty from 在英语中，“他负责这家公司”有多种说法，如：1. He is in charge of this company. 2. His job is to be in charge of this company. 3. This company is in the charge of him. 4. He is responsible for this company. 5. He has the duty of this company. 6. He takes charge of this company. 在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系，不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。( )10. Please _ the city map before you go sightseeing. A) look atB) have a lookC) watchD) read 在英语中，“看”在不同场合有不同的译法。“look at”意为“粗略地看”；“have a look”意为“看一下”，其后不能跟宾语；“watch”意为“注视、仔细地看”，虽然可以跟“地图”搭配，但是，它只是表示一种“看”的状态，没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”，意为“阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练: Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):( ) 1. They _ any food. Theyve got plenty of _ for the picnic. A) neednt, it B) neednt, them C) dont need, it D) dont need, them( ) 2. His favourite _ is _ a taxi driver. A) job, to be B) job, / C) work, to be D) work, /( ) 3. Why does _ like _ this uniform? A) he not, wearing B) not he, wearingC) he not, wear D) not he, wear( ) 4. You can not only learn _ make the delicious drink, you can also _ it. A) to , eat B) to, eatC) how to, enjoy D) how to, enjoy ( ) 5. Have you all _ your pens yet? A) prepared B) prepared for C) preparation D) preparation for( ) 6. Danny practises _ twice _ week. A) to swim, a B) to swim, every C) swimming, a D) swimming, every( ) 7. You must _ to catch fish here near the pond. A) not try B) try notC) not to try D) to try not( ) 8. When we _ on the air-conditioner in summer, we feel more comfortable. A) sit B) put C) turn D) open( ) 9. Would you mind _ the window ? A) my closing B) my close C) to close D) for close( )10. The teacher kept the pupils _ for five hours. A) waiting B) to wait C) to waiting D) waits( )11. Mr. Green _ China for six years. A) has been in B) has been to C) has come to D) has gone to( )12. They could hardly understand what the engineer said, _? A) couldnt they B) didnt they C) could they D) did they( )13. Tell him _ afraid of dogs. A) not be B) not to be C) dont be D) wont be( )14. If he _ here tomorrow, please tell him when his uncle _. A) will come, comes B) comes, comes C) comes, will come D) will come, will come( )15. The postage on the parcel _ me a lot of money. A) took B) spend C) paid D) cost( )16. Have you _ who took away your key ? A) found B) found out C) looked for D) got( )17. Paris isnt the capital of Britain, is it ? _. A) Yes, it is B) No, it isnt C) Yes, it isnt D) No, it is( )18. The boss made the workers _ for hours. A) work B) to work C) working D) works( )19. My hope is _ an engineer in 10 years time. A) become B) to become C) becoming D) became( )20. We will go to the factory to work for _. A) sometimes B) some time C) some times D) sometime( )21. Which subject do you _, English or maths ? A) like best B) prefer best C) like most D) prefer( )22. If it is true, it _ many interesting questions. A) is raised B) rose C) raises D) rises( )23. Please your hands if youve got the answer. A) put up B) set up C) get up D) make up( )24. By the age of ten, the little girl her first collection of poems. Shes now very famous. A) has published B) had published C) published D) would publish( )25. Mary should _ at once.A) operate on B) be operated C) be operated on D) operate( )26. Do you mind my using your dictionary for a while? _.A) Of course not B) Yes, please C) It doesnt matter D) Yes, here you are( )27. Where _? To the teachers office.A) have you gone B) has he gone C) is he going to D) have you been to( )28. Please _ make the same mistake again, Tom. A) dont try to B) try dont to C) try to not D) try not to( )29. Q: _ you _ Jim this morning? A: Yes. I _ him just now. A) Haveseen, saw B) Didsee, saw C) Haveseen, have seen D) Didsee, have seen( )30. English is the language _ in Australia, isnt it? A) usingB) usedC) speakingD) is spoken( )31. When you go out, dont forget to keep the windows _. A) openB) openingC) openedD) to open( )32. We _ the lady was good at skiing. A) toldB) wonderedC) were askedD) were told( )33. Sorry, I _ understand the business letter. Because it _ written in English. A) dont, isB) dont, wasC) didnt, isD) didnt, was( )34. Some boys were seen _ into the hospital. A) goingB) enteringC) takingD) to send( )35. He, with another policewoman, _ the streets in City Centre. A) walk on B) walk around C) walks on D) walks around( )36. The soup bowl _. _ it _ yesterday? A) was broken, WasbrokenB) is broken, Wasbroken C) was broken, DidbreakD) is broken, Hasbroken( )37. Unluckily, they were _ with a big storm halfway. A) caughtB) come acrossC) metD) happened( )38. He is poor at spoken English. He cant even _ a word of it. A) sayB) talkC) speakD)tell( )39. Jack _ be absent today. I saw him playing in the playground a moment ago.A) mustnt B) needntC) isnt able to D) cant( )40. You should go on _ the text until you _ able to recite it. A) reading, areB) reading, wereC) to read, will beD) to read, were( )41. Q: Must we do eye exercises every day, Miss Liu? A: Im afraid _. A) you mustntB) you mustC) you needntD) you cant( )42. We may _ each other somewhere before. A) meetB) metC) have metD) to meet( )43. He doesnt know _ next. A) how to doB) what to do itC) when to doD) where to go( )44. The lady thinks she is too fat, and she is planning _ now. A) to keep fitB) reduce his weightC) to go on a dietD) stop her from eating( )45. The house is on fire. Lets go and _ the fire together. A) put offB) put outC) put downD) put away( )46. Its _ these days. Youd better _ your greatcoat before you go out.A) snowing, inB) snowy, wearC) snowing, have onD) snowy, put on( )47. His family used to _ in the past. A) go hungryB) be hungryC) going hungryD) being hungry( )48. Never forget _ “Excuse me” when you trouble someone.A) to speakB) to sayC) speakingD) saying( )49. The music _ so wonderful that I liked it very much