整体思维学被动语态(教师版)-.docVIP

英语整体思维学被动语态导学案(教师版) 一、发现语法规则-意+形+用1. 被动语态的意：表示主语是动作的承受者，而主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。只有主谓宾结构才有被动语态，被动语态没有宾语，是个主谓结构。2. 被动语态的形： 时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being donewill/shall be being donewould/should be being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done完成进行have/has been being donehad been being donewill/shall have been being donewould/should have been being done3. 被动语态的用法序号表被动语态的例句用法总结11) George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?佐治和露西上周结婚了，你去参加他们的婚礼了吗？No, I hadnt been invited. Did they have a big wedding?没有，我没受到邀请。他们的婚礼很盛大吗？2) The window is dirty.窗户很脏了。I know. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.我知道，已经几个星期没擦了。不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。23) All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.除了经理，所有员工都被鼓励在家上网工作。当需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身34) Girls wanted. 招女工。5) Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. 昨晚横扫英格兰北部的一场大雨造成了价值几百万英镑的损失。被动语态用于标题、广告、新闻中46) The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables. 如果能够说服人们多吃水果和蔬菜，死于心脏病的人数就会大量减少。当动作的执行者不是人时57) That old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常被人嘲笑。8) The plan will be given up. 那计划就要被放弃了。9) Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。（注意：在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词）10) He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。11) The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 这项计划必须尽早执行。 短语动词的被动语态不能漏掉介词或副词情态动词的被动语态的结构：情态动词+be+过去分词612) She got married last week. 她上周结婚了。13) The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。14) He fell off the car and got killed. 他从车上摔下来，摔死了。get +过去分词表被动，但此结构比较口语化715) The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。16) His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划被证明很实用。17) It has gone bad.它已经变坏了。系动词look,sound,feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall,get, grow,keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构用主动表被动818) Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 早上7点钟开始工作。19) The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end,shut,run, move等动词用主动表被动。920) This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。21) Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。22) Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鲜。23) Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得很好。24) This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。25) The match wont catch. 火柴擦不着。26) The plan worked out wonderfully. 这项计划制定得很好。27) The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。 表主语的某种属性特征的动词如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, claean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink，通常动词用主动表被动, 这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语（副词或形容词）1028) The books are printing. 这些书正在印刷中。29) The meat is cooking. 肉在煮。少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表被动含义，如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make.1130) The rumor is beyond belief (= cant be believed).这个谣言不可相信。31) His honest character is above all praise. (= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)他诚实的品格值得赞扬。32) Today some treasures are on show (= are being shown) in the museum.今天博物馆里展出了一些宝物。表方位的介词in，on, under等与含动作意义的名词合用，含有被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动作的被动形式，名词前一般不加冠词。常见的有: under control， under treatment， under repair，under discussion, under construction, beyond belief, beyongd ones reach, for sale, for rent, in print, in sight, on sale, on show, out of control, out sight, out fashion.1233) This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙刚好配合这把锁。34) Your story agrees with what has already been heard.你的故事与我们听到的相吻合。不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语用主动表被动含义：fit， have，wish，cost，agree with，arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。1335) It is said that he has gone abroad for further study.据说他已经去国外深造了。36) It is hoped that the price will go down.希望价格可以降下来。37) It is supposed that he will be elected president.据推测他将当选总统。 带被动结构的it固定句型4. 被动语态的考点高考题例考点意义1. The way the guests in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. (2009北京，27)A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated一般过去时的被动语态：根据下文的过去式判断上文用过去时意为“被招待”2. Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. .(2009江苏，25)A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repairedD. It has been repaired 现在进行时的被动语态：要求考生通过上下文判断动作发生的未完成性意为“正在被修理”无法使用。表动作的未完成性3. His sister left home in 1998, and since.(2009宁夏.海南.全国I，26)A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of现在完成时的被动语态：要求考生根据上下文判断动作是从1998年以来一直到现在。意为：从那时起再也没有听到他的消息4. Why does the lake smell terrible? - Because large quantities of water .(2009福建，22)A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted现在完成时态的被动语态：要求考生根据结果的呈现推断用现在完成时强调污染产生的结果是湖闻起来很臭，因此用现在完成时。5. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people not to touch any unattended bag.(2009上海，36)A. had always been warned B. were always being warnedC. are always warning D. always warned过去进行时的被动语态：根据前文的时间判断时态，根据语境判断被动语态指过去的一段时间内的暂时状态。6. Would you please keep silent? The weather report and I want to listen. (2009湖南，27)A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast现在进行时的被动语态：根据上文的请求判断用现在进行时，根据主语与动词的关系判断被动语态指动作正在发生，所以要求对方安静。7. Why dont we choose that road to save time? - The bridge to it . (2009四川，15)A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired现在进行时的被动语态：根据上文不使用那条路说明动作的未完成性。强调动作的未完成性意为“正在被修理中”8.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front to arrive. (2008全国I，29)A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected本身表将来含义的动词用一般现在时表将来，主语是动作的对象，判断用被动语态表示预计会.9. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.(2008重庆，31)A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. has been regarded考查过去时与现在完成时的区别和过去时的被动语态被认为是.10. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.(2008安徽，33)A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught现在完成时的被动语态: 表动作发生的次数用现在完成时强调动作发生的次数11. Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine .(2008浙江，7)A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested考查现在进行时的被动语态：根据对话语境判断动词的时态意为检测的动作正在进行，所有才有吵闹声。12. I got caught in the rain and my suit .（2007北京，32）A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined考查现在完成时态的被动语态：根据上文的过去时语境，判断是强过去的动作强调结果13.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and technology.（2007天津，13）A. had discovered B. had been discoveredC. has discovered D. has been discovered考查现在完成时态的被动语态：根据谈论的时间是指现在强调结果14. I dont suppose the police know who did it.- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and now.（2006江苏，23）A. has been questioned B. is being questionedC. is questioning D. has questioned考查现在进行时的被动语态：根据现在的结果判断强调动作正在进行15. my car twice this month. - Im sorry to hear that.（江苏苏中四市联考）A. has been broken in B. was broken inC. has been broken into D. was broken into考查现在完成时的被动语态：根据次数判断用现在完成时，根据主语是动作的对象判断用被动语态。考查带有介词的动词短语的被动语态。强调动作发生的次数答案：1-5 BCBDB 6-10 BCABD 11-15 CCDBC二、 替换训练1. 这个房间已经打扫过了。 The room has been cleaned. 2. 明天要交一篇作文。 A composition will be handed in tomorrow. 3. 在这个事故中有10个人受了重伤。 There were 10 people hurt in this accident. 4. 这项工作明天可以完成。 The job shall be finished tomorrow. 5. 应严厉惩罚违反法律的人。 The man against the law should be punished severely. 6. 十万旅客被滞留机场。 One hundred thousand were detained in the airport. 7. 这道菜尝起来很香。 The dish tastes well. 8. 这支钢笔很好写。 The ink pen writes well. 9. 这辆车很好开。 The car drives well. 10. 我的衬衫正挂在墙上。 My shirt is being hung on the wall. 11. 这个问题正在讨论之中。（用介词短语） The question is being under discussion. 12. 他正受着疾病的折磨。 He was being tortured by disease. 13. 人们相信努力工作就会有回报。 People believe that hard-working will be rewarded. 三、 实际运用：阅读短文，理解句子的意思并翻译成英文，下划线句子请翻译成被动语态。我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。 五、考题训练001. All visitors to this village with kindness.（2011四川）A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated002. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it .（2012安徽）A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated003. The population of Jiangsu to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.（2009江苏）A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing004. The water cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.（2006全国I）A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels005. What are you going to do this afternoon?- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film quite early, so we to the bookstore after that（2005重庆）A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go006. The Internet connection for the entire area when there was a sudden power cut yesterday.A. lost B. was lost C. had lost D. had been lost007. Great changes in my hometown in the past twenty years.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place008.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.A. have been told; washes B. have told; washes C. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed009. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. have persuaded B. are persuaded C. persuade D. will be persuaded010. My money . I must go to the bank to draw some of the savings out before I have none in handA. has run out B. has been run out C. is running out D. is run out of 011. When shall we start the restoration of the historic building? - Not until our plan by the committee.A. will be approved B. approves C. is to approve D. has been approved012. Why did you put the wood near the fire? Its dangerous! - Dont worry. Wet wood wont easily.A. burn B. burnt C. be burnt D. be burning013. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck out wrong.A. to turn B. to turning C. to turned D. to be turned014. How are t