初中英语定语从句.docVIP

初中英语 定语从句要点一：概念请看例句：Della prefers friends who are outgoing.句中画线部分是定语从句。【收藏夹】在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。相关术语：先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如上句中的friends。关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有where, when等。如上句中的who就是关系代词。关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3. 在定语从句中充当一个成分。图表分析：I like music that / which I can dance to.先行词 关系代词定语从句: that / which I can dance to. 要点二：关系代词的意义与功能请看例句：The number of people who lost their lives in this earthquake reached 69,107 yesterday.（从句中作主语）Environment is the topic (which / that) they are discussing.（从句中作宾语，可省略）【收藏夹】 如何选用关系代词呢？关系代词在定语从句中作何成分呢？关系代词 在从句中的功能 指代that 作主语或宾语 指人或物which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换）who 作主语；在口语或非正式文体中也常用作宾语，此时可省略 指人（可与that互换）whom 是who 的宾格, 作宾语，可省略 指人whose 是who 的所有格, 作后面名词的定语 指人或物定语从句是一种主从复合句，老师在讲述或提炼其用法时，一般都采纳教材的二合一方法，即把两个单句合称为一个主从复合句。如： This is a factory. The factory produces toys. 这两个句子可以合成：This is a factory that(which) produces toys.可是当这个句子在成为一个试题，如This is a factory _ produces toys时，就会有好多同学填或选where这个错误答案。究其原因，就是因为学生只会简单地了解factory是一个处所名词。 This is a factory. (现成句子) The factory produces toys. It produces toys. (人称代词用于简单句中) That / which produces toys. (关系代词用于复合句中) This is a factory that / which produces toys.(合成)【实例解析】( ) 1. He is the only student _ plays table tennis better than Jim. (2008广西南宁)A. why B. where C. that D. which【析】 C。题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，先行词the only student是人，关系代词在从句中作主语，关系代词that可指代人。 why和where是可引导定语从句的关系副词， why表原因，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(reason等)， where表地点。( ) 2. This is the dictionary _Mum gave me for my birthday. (2008河北)A. which B. what C. that D. whom【析】 A。该定语从句中的先行词the dictionary是物，关系词在从句中作宾语，关系代词which可指代物。关系代词that可指代人 （的），也可指代物 （的），但在从句中常作定语；关系代词whom一般都指代人，在从句中常作宾语。而what不引导定语从句。( ) 3. This is the question we are talking about now. (2008吉林)A. that B. who C. where D. when【析】 A。在这里先行词是the question，指物，关系代词that可以指代物，而其他选项不可指代物，因此选A。( ) 4. Jack, there is someone in the office _would like to speak with you. (2008福建厦门)A. who B. which C. whom【析】 A。在这里先行词是someone，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语。关系代词who和whom都可指代人，但whom在从句中充当宾语。而关系代词which一般指代物。( ) 5. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young.（ 2008湖北恩施）A. whose B. that C. who D. which【析】 A。该句中先行词是Jackie Chan，关系代词在从句中作定语，选项中只有A项符合题意。( ) 6. The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it? Yes, it has built many schools _those children can study happily. (2008 黑龙江哈尔滨)A. where B. when C. which【析】 A。该句中先行词是many schools，从句中缺少表示地点状语的成分，所以这里需要一个指代地点的关系副词。这三个选项中只有where(在这/那里)符合。关系副词when指代时间，关系代词which虽然可以指代地点，但不能在从句中作状语。which 和who 引导的定语从句Part One【小试身手】根据句意完成下面的定语从句。1. The place interested American President George W. Bush most was the Great Wall.2. The place American President George W. Bush was most interested was the Great Wall.3. There was nothing could prevent( 阻止) the soldiers from saving more people trapped in the Wenchuan earthquake.4. The first place the scientists from Taiwan Province visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.5. It seems that taking photos is the only thing Tom likes.【指点迷津】迷津之一：关系代词that 和which 的区别关系代词which 和that 都可以引导定语从句，并且在从句中充当主语或者宾语。它们的区别如下： that 的先行词既可是人，也可是事物；而which 的先行词只能是事物。 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是事物时，大部分情况下which 和that 可以互换。 但是当紧接在介词之后时，只能用which 而不能用that。 只能用that 而不用 which 的情况有：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing 等时；先行词由最高级或序数词修饰时；先行词由only, very, any 等修饰时；先行词既有人又有物时。如: My grandfather often tells us about the persons and things that he remembers.Part Two【小试身手】用关系词who, whom 或that 完成下面的定语从句。6. Miss Yang, this is the girl wanted to see you just now.7. The man Mr Wang shook hands with just now is one of his old classmates.8. Those agree with me on this plan, please put up your hands.9. He has not reached the Great Wall isnt a true man.10. Mary and Luke are talking about a hero of I have ever heard.【指点迷津】迷津之二：关系代词who 和that 的区别关系代词who 和that 都可以引导先行词为人的定语从句，并且在从句中充当主语或者宾语。它们的区别如下： 在大多数情况下，who 和that 可以互换。 但在以下情况只能用who : 当先行词为those, he, she, anyone 等表示“人”的代词时 。迷津之三：关系代词who 和whom 的区别关系代词who 和whom 都可以引导先行词为人的定语从句。它们的区别如下： who 在定语从句中既可以充当主语，也可以充当宾语；而whom 在定语从句中只能作宾语。 当在定语从句中作宾语时，who 和whom可以互换。但是在现代英语口语中，一般不用whom，而用who。 当紧接在介词之后时，不能用who，而仍须用whom。Part Three【巩固练习】( )11. The man visited our school yesterday is from London.A. who B. which C. whom( )12. Because of his poor memory, all his wife told him has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. who( )13. Those want to go, please sign names here.A. whom B. that C. who( )14. The woman my mother talked just now is a friend of hers.A. who B. whom C. to whom( )15. Because of the flood( 洪水), they have been staying in the hotel they reached two days ago.A. who B. that C. in whichKey:1. that / which 2. in which 3. that4. that 5. that 6. who / that7. who / whom / that 8. who 9. who10. whom 11-15 AACCB1.I love people _ are friendly to others. （09陕西）A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. who2.I .like the teacher _ classes are very interesting and creative. (09 兰州)A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose3.The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.（09孝感）A. whatB. /C. thatD. it4.I dont know the teacher _ is talking with Miss Wang. （09淄博）A. whatB. whomC. whichD. who5.Do you know the boy _ is playing soccer there?Certainly. He is a friend of my _.（09 恩施）A. who; brothersB. who; brotherC.