小升初点睛课语法.doc

小升初点睛语法目录一动词九词组辨析二名词十短语三代词十一反义疑问句四冠词十二宾语从句五数词十三If从句六形容词与副词十四其他七介词十五句型转换八There be 句型十六语音规则一、 动词1.四种时态【考点点拨】判断以下句子的时态：1. John usually goes to school by bike. _点睛：第三人称单数2. We saw a film last night._点睛：不规则变化过去式 made, bought3. My mother will go shopping tomorrow. _.点睛：be going to 的表达4. Its 8 oclock now, I am having English class._点睛：构成_,别丢下be时态题的做题步骤：一看时间，二看主语，三变动词。一看时间来决定句子的时态： 做时态题，最重要的是找准时间状语。故要求对各种时态的时间状语熟悉。注：没有时间标志，根据句子情景定。二看主语来决定谓语动词的单复数形式：这往往是我们最容易忽视的地方。三变动词来完成题目：这步要求我们要掌握动词在各种时态中的正确形式。【真题回顾】1My father _ a new car. He_ it very much （09联考） Ahave，like Bhas，likes Chas，like Dhavelikes2. _you_to bed at ten yesterday evening? （06联考）ADid，go BDo，go CDid, went DDo，went3If you _ work hard, you _ pass the exam .（07联考）Awont, wont Bwont cant Cdont, dont Ddont, wont4LookThe children_ (play)football （07联考）5Last year we _ ( fly) to Shanghai（06联考）6.You cant see her now because she _ (have) a class in the classroom（06联考）7I do my homework in the eveningBut I _(not do) it at this time yesterday（07联考）8They_(plant) trees tomorrow（08联考）9Joan_ (not swim) before breakfast every day（08联考）10She_(be) short in 2002，but now she_(1ook) taller（08联考）11. _ We sang English songs and do some Chinese dances last night。 （09联考改错）12.I like drinking tea. I drinked some tea 1ast night. （09联考改错） 【实战擂台】1My mother likes _books in the eveningShe doesn t often _TV . A1ooking at, watch Bwatches，see Cto read，watches Dreading, watch2. ”I” _ one of the 26 letters(字母). A. is B. am C. are D. was3The girl _the flower last week Ais watering Bwaters Cwatered4He_ (visit) the farm next week.5Let s _(speak) English in class_(not speak) Chinese 6.What _ he _ (have)? He _ (have) a toy plane.7.The moon _ (go) around the earth.8.Please _ (have) some oranges. 9.（改错）My hobby is listen to music. 10.（改错）My younger sister wants to a nurse.【特别介绍：现在完成时】现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have learned English for seven years. be been go- gone do- done 现在完成时常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）I have already read the book.never (“从不” 用于中间处) I have never read the book.ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句的中间处）Have you ever read the book?just (“刚刚” 用于中间处) I have just read the book.yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)Have you read the book yet?I havent read the book yet.常考的几个词：.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”。.have(has)gone to表示“去了某地”。.have(has)been in表示“在某地呆了多久”。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？.have/has seen “看过“I have seen this film twice.练习：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_ you _ your homework yet? A. Do, finish B. Are, finishing C. Did, finish D. Have, finished 2. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）Since 和 for 的用法Since“自从“+过去起点的时间，for+一段时间用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago3) _ 1999 4) _ 4 oclock 5 ) _ 4 hours 6) _ she left here2.情态动词【考点点拨】情态动词有can (could),be able to能够, may (might)也许，可以，可能, must必须, have to不得不, shall (should, will (would)将, need需要, had better最好等。考点:. 情态动词后必须加动词原形, (need to do sth例外).neednt不必= dont have to, mustnt禁止，不允许, shouldnt 不应该. Must be 一定是，cant be 不可能是would you? 你可以吗?, May I?我可以吗? 表询问【真题回顾】：1- _ I have a look at the picture? Yes, you _ . （07联考）ACan, must BCan, may Cmay, can DMust, must2. -Must I borrow the book with an ID card? -No，you _ . (08联考)Amustnt Bneednt Cshouldnt3. -May I_ your bike? -Sure. （09联考） Aride Briding C read Dto ride4Miss Arthur can _ piano（09联考）Aplayed the Bplayed Cplays the Dplay the5. Its time_ to school. We must _ now. A. to go,goes B. going,go C. to go,go D. going,goes6. Youd better_ late next time. (华附)A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be【实战擂台】：1 -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I_. A. cant B. mustnt C. dont 2 .You _ be late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to3. -Must I do my homework at once?-No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not4._ I take this one?A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do5. Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup?A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must6. The cat can _ the tree, but the tiger _.A. to climb, wont B. climb, cant C. climbing, cant7. Its cold in winter. We need_coats. A. wears B. wear C. to wear8. Youd better_ in bed.A. stay B. staying C. stays D. stayed3非谓语动词【考点点拨】 后加v-ing的动词1. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事2. spend doing sth. 花费时间或钱做某事3. be busy doing sth.忙着做某事4. finish doing sth.完成某事5. practice doing sth. 练习做某事6. find sb doing sth.发现某人在做某事7. have fun doing sth做某事很开心8. No doing 不要做某事9. mind doing介意做某事10. go doing去做某事11. do some doing做点什么介词+doing 常考介词：in, on, at, of, for, from, up, about, without, before, after, by12. Doing开头 作主语 13. be + doing 表现在进行时 后加动词原形的动词口诀：最好、让、（人）帮忙，为什么不，情态，助动 had better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做某事 使役动词：让某人做某事let sb. do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb.（to）do sth 帮某人做某事 why not do sth=why dont you do sth 为什么不做某事? 情态动词（can, will, may, shall, must,could, would, might, should, have to）+do sth.能 将 也许 将 必须 助动词(do, does, did) +do sth. 后加to do的动词口诀：叫、告诉，是时候、决定、想要、邀请、需要、计划1. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事2. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事3. Its time to do sth 该是的时候了 4. decide to do sth 决定做某事5. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事=would like to do 6. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事7. need to do sth. 需要做某事 8. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 9、不定代词：something anything + to doeverythingnothing 10、疑问词: what how + to do where 既可+to do,亦可+doing，注意意思会大相径庭。to dodoingstop停止停下来去做某事停止做某事go on继续继续做不同的事继续做相同的事remember记得记得要做某事记得做过某事forget忘记忘记要做某事忘记做过某事like喜欢一次性长期hate讨厌love喜爱try试尽力做某事尝试做某事start开始一样begin开始see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.听见某人做了某事hear sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事【真题回顾】Kate likes_(dance)(08联考)2.More and more people in the world enjoy_ now （09联考）Aswim Bswimming Cto swim Dswims3，Tom_ thingsNow he is making a toy plane（06联考）A1ike make B1ikes make C1ike making D1ikes making4 Lets go _ (boat)All right （06联考）5I enjoy _ (1isten) to music（06联考）【实战擂台】1. You are ill, you must stop _ (smoke) and you should keep_ (take) medicine.2. Sorry, I forgot _（bring）my English books this morning.3. If you enjoy _ (paint), just keep _ (do) it.二、 名词【考点点拨】变复数以 o 结尾的词变复数 +es 如：negroes heroes tomatoes potatoes 或+s 如： radios, zoos, bamboos ,pianos , photos以f，fe 结尾的多数 +es 如： leaf-leaves knife-knives 不规则变化toothteeth, footfeet, sheep-sheep , deer-deer childchildren, mousemice, German- Germans名词的所有格。例如单数名词后加 sTom s book Tom的书 my friend s uncle 我朋友的叔叔以s结尾的复数名词在s后加Teachers Day教师节 two weeks holiday 两周的假期比较Fathers Day Mothers Day Teachers Day Womens Day亲生爸爸和妈妈只有一个，所以父亲节，母亲节是用单数名词的所有格。不以s结尾的复数名词加 sChildren s Day 儿童节Womens Day 妇女节几个人共同拥有的东西在最后一个名词后加s. This is Mary and Lilys bedroom.分别拥有的东西在每个名词后加sThese are Toms and Jacks school bags.某国人的复数中、日不变Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese英、法变a为eEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen其余后面加sAmerican -Americans Australian-Australians注意：German- Germans （德国人）Germany （德国）man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。 one man teacher 一个男老师 two men teachers 两个男老师 one woman doctor 一个女医生 two women doctors 两个女医生比较：a girl student 一个女学生 two girl students 两个女学生 a boy student 一个男学生 two boy students 两个男学生不可数名词“三不”1).不能直接用数字表数量, 2).不能直接加a或an, 3).不能加s。 【真题回顾】1-Whose ruler is it?-Maybe its _. （09联考） APeter BPeters CMarys Dpeters2. What can I do for you? Id like six_.(中大附中) A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple3. I have lots of _.(中大附中) A. radios B. tooths C. toies D. breads4. When is _Day? (中大附中) A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childs5. On Sunday everyone in the family _ busy. All the family _cleaning the house. （09省实） A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is6. We have five_. (08省实)A. apple tree B. apples tree C. apple trees D. apples trees【实战擂台】1. I bought a lot of _in the supermarket. A. meats B. vegetables C. potatos D. knifes2. I cant carry_ .Theyre heavy. A. three box of oranges B. five bottles of milk C. two bags of rices D. four plate of noodle3. There are twenty _in our school. Some of them are_.(09省实) A. women teachers, Germans B. woman teachers, Germans C. woman teachers, Germen D. women teachers, Germen4. There are some _ (tomato) on the desk. (06联考) 三、 代词【考点点拨】 主格I放在动词前，宾格me放在动词或介词后单数的人称代词顺序：二三一 you, he and I 复数的人称代词顺序：一二三we, you and they 形容词性物主代词+名词，名词性物主代词单独使用 A friend of mine.我的一个朋友 a friend of my fathers 我爸爸的一个朋友。 one 指同类事物中的一个 it 指某事物本身 反身代词的用法：enjoy oneself 玩得开心；过得愉快teach oneself 自学help yourself/yourselves to 请随便吃talk to oneself 自言自语by oneself 独自的for oneself 为自己make oneself at home 不必拘束；不要客气dress oneself 自己穿衣look after oneself照顾自己指示代词：（单复数句变换时要用到）单数复数this 这个these 这些that 那个those 那些【真题回顾】1Give _ some tomatoes，please (06联考)ALi Lei and I BI and Li LeiCLi Lei and me Dme and Li Lei2All of _ (we) like new clothes（06联考）3The boy _ blue is a friend of _.A. of, my B. in, my Cof, mine Din, mine4. Do you have a pen like this? NoBut Im going to buy _ . （07联考）Aone Bit Cthis Dthat5We bought Granny a present, _ she didnt like_ .（07联考）Aand，it Bbut, it Cso, one Dbut, one6_ is that book?_ book?The one on your deskIts Toms . （07联考）AWhos, What BWhos, Which CWhich , Whose DWhose, Which7Is this _kite? No，its _ . （08联考）Aher，his Bhim，hers Cmine，his8. Is it yours? No，it isnt mine book. Its his. (09联考改错)【实战擂台】1. Why are you looking at _like that?A. me B. my C. mine D. I2._has more oranges than I, but mine are bigger than_. A. She, her B. He, his C. You, her D. His, his3. -_dress is this? -Its my dress. (09省实) A. Whoes B. Whos C. Whose D. Where四、 冠词【考点点拨】a用在辅音 开头的单词前。an用在元音 开头的单词前。the 有特指意味例外：1、_ hour 一小时2、_ honest boy 一个诚实的男孩小结： “h”不发音3、_ university 一所大学4、_ umbrella 一把雨伞5、_ useful book 一本有用的书6、_unhappy boy 一个不开心的男孩小结：如果发字母u本身的音/ju：/，前面加a：如果发/时，前面加an：7、_ European country 一个欧洲国家 小结： “E”不发音， u发本身的音/ju：/，前面加a.8、 There is _ “h” _ “o” _ “u” and _ “r” in the word hour. “hour”这个单词里面有一个“h”一个“o”一个“u”和一个“r”小结：an “a e i o f l m n s x h r” a “u”；9、 球类运动和三餐饭前不加the play football ，play soccer have lunch乐器前加the play the violin， play the piano【真题回顾】1She has got _ European stamp. （07联考）Aa B/ Can Dsome2Look at _ .How nice it looks. （07联考）Amoon Bthe moon Ca moon Dthe moons3Mike is _honest boy in his class（08联考） Aa Ban Cthe4.There is _”o”, _”u” and _”r” in the word “hour.(08省实)【实战擂台】1. We like playing _piano very much. A. a B. an C.不填 D. the2.The word “fish” has _”f”. A. an B. a C. the D./3.（改错）The old man likes playing the chess.五、 数词【考点点拨】 特殊变化的序数词first second third fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth另外，注意：序数词前要加定冠词the, 如果已经有your, my her等就不用加the 基数词表时刻。口诀： 先分钟，后点钟 30用past 30 用 to 15用 a quarter 30用 halftwo hundred hundreds of即：有数字没S没of, 没数字有S就有of。分数的表达法先分子，后分母，分子用基数表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于1，分母加-s。如：1/3(三分之一) ：one third 2/3(三分之二) : two thirds【真题回顾】1This year is her _ (twenty) birthday（06联考）2Tommy lives on the _ floor while Jacky lives on the_floor .（07联考）Afiveth, nineth Bfifth，nineth Cfifth，ninth Dfiveth, ninth3. September is the_ (nine) month of a year. （09联考）4. We study on the _floor in the teaching building.(中大附中) A. ninth B. forth C .fiveth D. three【实战擂台】1. Here are some flowers. The _one grows well.A. fifth B. eight C. twelve D. nineth2. （改错）December is twelfth month of a year.六、 形容词、副词【考点点拨】1、 very，quite，so，too只能修饰原级2、 as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示：和 一样例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。3、not + as/so + 形容词/副词原级+as 表示：甲不如乙 例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。4、形容词/副词比较级+than 表示“甲比乙” 例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。5、 比较级，甲or乙？”6、可以修饰比较级的词much+比较级 得多a little+比较级 稍微，Tom looks much younger than before.汤姆看起来比以前年轻得多了。7、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如: He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。8、“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。例如: The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。9、 “主语 + be + the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。10、 one of the+ 形容词最高级+复数名词 表示“是中最之一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。11、 the+最高级 甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？ 12、形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。（代前形后）例如，Would you like something hot to drink？13、连系动词+ 形容词常见的连系动词有be(是)， look(看起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来），feel(摸起来)等。例如，He looks happy today.14、open 与close 的词性open 作动词：打开 close 作动词：关上 作形容词：开着的 closed 作形容词：关着的15、the + adj. 表一类人，作主语谓语动词用复数。如： the young 年轻人 the old 老年人 the rich 有钱人 the poor 穷人16、good. well 的区别：good 形容词（表示人品好或东西好）。 well形容词（身体好）；副词（好地）。17、enough足够的 形容词+ enough + to do sth. enough +名词+ to do sth.多音节词比较级、最高级：+more most interesting有趣的, delicious美味的, beautiful漂亮的, popular流行的, dangerous危险的, difficult困难的，expensive昂贵的 (确保学生会写这些单词)不规则变化的比较级（好）good/ well -better- best（坏）ill/ bad/ badly -worse -worst（少）little- less- least（许多）many/much- more -most（远）far- farther -farthest（仅用于指距离）【真题回顾】1My story is_than yours （06联考） Amuch interesting B. interesting Cmuch more interesting D. interestinger2The boy is getting _ and he will be _ enough to go to School next week.Abetter, good Bgood，better Cgood, well Dbetter, well3My new house is _closer to the school now . （08联考）Amany Bmuch Clittle4Well have the meeting at half past eightWill you please _(come)here a little _ . (early) （07联考）5Which is the_ (popular) food in China?6. Of all the girls, Mary spent_time and made_mistakes. A. much, many B. the least, the fewest C. more, most D. the fewest, the least【实战擂台】1. Which is _,table tennis or basketball.A. popularer B. the popularest C. the most popular D. more popular2This book is _ than that one（07联考）Amuch interesting Binterestinger Cmore interesting Dbetter interesting3Jim is _ in our class(tall) （06联考）4.(改错) I think Dr Sun Yetsun is most important person in China.七、 介词【考点点拨】 at, on, inat 具体的钟点时刻：at seven; 固定搭配：at night, at noon.on 星期几，具体的某一天或某一天的早，中，晚 或有Day的节日前。 on Sunday, on June 1st, on a cold night, on a rainy morning, on April Fools Day.in 用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上。 in 2010, in April, in the twenty-first century, in spring, in the morning.with （1）“和” 如：Every evening, Mr Brown goes for a walk with his dog.(2)“伴随，有”，如 The girl with smile on her face is my classmate