注意英语写作中的时态.docVIP

注意英语写作中的时态叙事一般用过去式，对应完成时进行时等都要进行变换。而其中的议论一般是使用一般时，因为是自己的评论。想法感受等比如感觉疲劳那用过去时，而光荣等能持续到现在的，一般就用现在时。 如果是客观真理事实，那么无论如何都要用现在时。 议论文、说明文一般用一般时。特别注意在直接引语中要用一般时态（特殊情况除外)1要是明天下雨的话，这场比赛就要取消。误 The match will be canceled if it will rain tomorrow.正 The match will be canceled if it rains tomorrow.分析：在条件从句里要用一般现在时态表将来，所以will rain应该改为rains.但是will如果表示意愿的话，可以用条件从句或时间从句表将来。但主语一定要是人。例如： If you will come, you can.如果你愿意的话，你可以跟我去。2地理老师告诉我们，地球是绕太阳转的。误 The geography teacher told us that the earth moved round the sun.正 The geography teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun.分析：根据时态一致性原则，主句的谓语如果是一般过去时态时，从句一般要与其时态对应。即从句的时态必须用过去时态、过去进行时态、过去完成时态等。但如果从句所表达的内容是一种规律、习惯性的东西，从句的谓语也不要改变。3你总是犯这个错误。误 You always make the same mistake.正 You are always making the same mistake.分析：be + 频度副词 + 现在分词，这种进行时态，是一种表达具有感情色彩的表达。一般现在时态不能表达这个含义。4我们马上就要出发了，因此没有时间去看他了。误 We are about to leave at once, so there is no time to visit him.正 We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him.分析：be about to do sth意思是“即将,马上”。它不能和以一时间状语连用：tomorrow, at once, soon, in a moment, in time, immediately等。5我本来打算去告诉你的，可是我错过了最后一班车。误 I would tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.正 I was going to tell you about it, but I missed the last bus.分析：过去打算要做什么，要用was/were going to do这个句型。would do 这种将来时态没有计划和安排的含义。6转眼间在这里一下就住了十年了。误 It is ten years since we have lived here.正 It is ten years since we lived here.分析：It is + 时间 + since意思是“自从以来又有”。在此句型中，前面主句的时态应该用is或has been，在现代英语中，多用is。从句的时态应该用过去时态，如果前面主句用的是过去时态，后面的从句相应该用过去完成时态。例如：It was three years since he had joined the army five years ago.7这是他第二次去美国了。误 This is the second time that he went to the United States.正 This is the second time that he has been to the United States.分析：要表达第几次做什么事，应该用“it is + 序数词 + （that） + 主语 + have done ”这个句型。如果该句型里的is用过去时态，那么，从句里的时态也应该用过去完成时态。那么这个句型为：It was + 序数词 + （that） + 主语 + had done.8妈妈对孩子说：“作业没做完，你不出去玩。”误 You cant go out to play as your homework is not being finished. 正 You cant go out to play before your homework will be finished. 分析： before 是一个表示时间的连词，它连接的时间状语从句应该且一般现在时态表将来，因此，从句的谓语应该由将来时态改一般现在时态。9他们一回到家里，就下起雨来了。误 They hardly got home when it began to rain.正 They had hardly got home when it began to rain.正Hardly had they got home when it began to rain.分析：hardlywhen/before是一组连词,意思是“一就”。在这个连词连接的句子中，句子的前半部分应该用过去完成时态。后部分用过去时态。在这个句型中，如果hardly放在句首，这个句子应该倒倒装。具有相同用法与意思的连词还有：no soonerthan; scarcelywhen/before等。10上个星期我们本来打算来看你的。误 We hoped to come and see you last week.正 We had hoped to come and see you last week.分析：had hoped to do 表示过去没有实现的愿望。类似的句型还有如下：had meant to do (=meant to have done ) had intended to do (=intended to have done ) had thought to do (=thought to have done) had hoped that + 主语 + would do 11他打电话告诉我说他丢失的眼镜找到了。 误 He phoned to tell me that he found the lost glasses. 正 He phoned to tell me that he had found the lost glasses.分析：根据时态的致性原则，主句用一般过去时态时，从句应该用过去时态（过去进行时态、一般过去时态、过去完成时态）。如果从句的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句应该用过去完成时态。12要是我买了昨天的音乐会的票那就好了。误 If only I bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.正 If only I had bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.分析：if only 是一个固定词组，意思是“要是那就好了”。这是表达一个针对过去的一个虚拟的愿望。在该句型中，谓语致词应该用过去完成时态。类似这样的表达虚拟的句型还有：wish that + 主语 + had done.（希望过去做过）；would/had rather (that) + 主语 + had done。13希望你们能够马到成功。误 You are hoped to succeed at the beginning.正 It is hoped that you will succeed at the beginning.分析：hope sb to do sth这外句型是错误的。hope 不能带不定式作复合宾语。要表达这个意思有两种方法： it is hoped that; We hoped that you will14. 这个问题目前很难解决。误 This problem is difficult to be solved at present.正 This problem is difficult to solve at present.分析：在“adj + to do”这种结构中，作状语的不定式与该的主语构成逻辑动词关系，习惯上，这下不定式应该用主动表被动。15. 你应该在8:00 赶到。误 You supposed to arrive at 8:00.正 You are supposed to arrive at 8:00.分析：be supposed to do sth这是一个句型,意思是“理应。，应当。，按理。”。 如果用于否定，意思是“不可。，不许。”。表示一种委婉的禁止。例如：You are not supposed to smoke in this building.你可不要在这栋建筑物里抽烟。16. 在那些日子里，那些工人们被迫工作12小时以上。误 The workers are made work over twenty hours a day in those days.正 The workers are made to work over twenty hours a day in those days.分析：动词不定式在使径动词后make, let及感管动词后feel, watch,see, notice, hear, listen to, observe等动词后作宾语补时，常省略to，但转换成被动语态时，一定要加上这个to.17. 这种布摸起来很柔软。误 This kind of cloth is felt soft.正 This kind of cloth feels soft.分析：感管动词feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem, appear等的主动形式表被动含义。18. 他讲的英语人家听不懂。误 He cant make himself understand in English.正 He cant make himself understood in English.分析：make oneself + 过去分词，这是一个句型，意思是“让自己被人家所理解”。类似这样的动词还有：feel, hear, realize, understand,pay attention to, know等。19. 你昨天把什么送去修理了。误 What did yo