非谓语动词的部分语法.docVIP

非 谓 语 动 词一、谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词 在句子中作谓语的动词。如：1. Young people often hike and they enjoy hiking very much.2. Rose, who is an attractive girl, works in a factory and now she is working a new machine.非谓语动词 在句子里不能做谓语的动词。二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢？它以三种形式出现：1. to do 2. -ving 3. ved三、非谓语动词是动词吗？能充当其他成分吗？1.是动词 所以有时态、语态的区别如： 1 He tried to work out the problem. 2 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 3 The tower being repaired was put up in the Tang Dynasty.四、n,adj,adv n(主、表、宾)、adj(定)、adv(状) To see is to believe. Saying is easier than doing. He loathed getting up early in the morning. He is a promising young man. Seeing a car coming, they stepped aside.考点透析 to-do(do)1. 作主语或表语 To hesitate means failure. To think of you makes me old. To know oneself is difficult. To err is human. To talk to her is to talk to a wall. To love is to be loved. To see her is to love her. To live is to do sth worthwhile. Peter was to perish in a car crash and to leave a wife and 6 children.考点一:真正主语to-do被置于句末，用It放在句首充当形式主语。To spend your vacation at the seaside is quite pleasure. It requires patience to be a good nurse. It takes Susan 2 hours to dress herself up each day.(1) It is/was +adj + of/for sb + to do It was thoughtful _ her to come to see me when I was ill. It was nasty _ Jim to behave like that. It is important _ us to understand the point. It is foolish _ her to buy the picture.(2) It is + n + to do N a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, etc.It is a pity to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.考点二: -ving 作真正的主语，it 为形式主语. 结构为：It is + n/adj + doing sth N no good, no use, no point, no sense, no harm, a waste of time etc. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is no good objecting. It is good playing Chinese chess after supper.考点三: To-do 与 ving(n)作主语和表语时的区别Sending an e-mail is quite common today. ()To send an e-mail is my task this afternoon. () My job is teaching English. ()My todays job is to teach you how to learn English well. ()（安徽省09真题5）_ China Today is a good way of improving our English.AHaving read BHave read CReading DRead2. 作宾语 常用to-do作宾语的词有afford,attempt, continue, dare, decide, decline, endeavor, hesitate, hope, intend, prepare, pretend, tend, venture, want, volunteer 等。 I cant afford to live in a detached house. Peter failed to pass the final exam.考点一: 用it作形式宾语，真正宾语to-do常用该结构的动词有：find, feel, believe, make, consider等. I found it interesting to play snooker. Do you consider it better not to go?考点二: 作but/except的宾语，注意要不要to. There is no choice but to wait and see. He did nothing but play PC games every day.考点三: 英语中，有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式，不能接to-do. 如: avoid, admit, advocate, enjoy, feel like, escape, risk, have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing, cant help doing sth等 The girl avoid giving her any personal info. Do you feel like going to the movie? We had difficulty in carrying out the plan.（安徽省09专升本第三题）I had considerable difficulty _ her to go out for a drink with me.Ato persuade Bto have persuaded Cpersuade Dpersuading考点四: to 是不定式？还是介词？ be/get used/accustomed to doing, be opposed to, devote oneself to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to 等.I am looking forward to seeing you again.My uncle took to smoking years ago.3. 作宾补 结构为：v + sb + to do 常见的动词有: advise, ask, compel, direct, enable, expect, force, tell, want, urge, persuade等。 Tell the kids not to play on the street. He likes his wife to dress well.高频考点: 使役动词+ sb + do sth感官动词+ sb + do/doing We must have someone repair the computer. She smell sth burning and saw smoke rising. If she catches me reading her diary, shell be furious. I saw him swim in the river yesterday. I saw him swimming in the river yesterday.4. 作定语 to-do作定语需要后置。如: sth to eat water to drink There is no need to wake him up. Did you have a proper reason to say so? She was the only person to get a scholarship.考点一: 如果to-do和它前面的修饰词是动宾关系,不定式是vi, 或是工作对象、工具等，这时不定式后需要相应的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live _. Please give me a knife to cut _ . She bought a bookshelf to put her books _. He has a kid to take care_. She can find no one to make friends _. He lent me a book to kill time _. 5. 作状语(1) 表目的. 如： We eat to live. To save the child, he laid down his life. Hurry up so as not to be late for the class.- Why was the official meeting called?- _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting(2) 表结果(learn, find,see, hear etc.) He survived the crash only to die in the desert. He studied hard only to fail. They parted never to see each other. -ving(adj) / -ved ()一区别现在分词表主动；过去分词表被动。现在分词表进行；过去分词表完成。 a touching / moving story a touched / moved audience the rising sun a charming girl the risen sun a charmed girl the changing world developing countries the changed world developed countries二功能1. 作表语 The music is pleasing to the ear. He became discouraged. He got promoted. The news was disappointing.2. 作宾补 She smelt sth burn. Hes happy to see her old mother take good care of at home. I want this watch repair at once.3.作定语 (1) 单个分词作定语前置。如: Boiling water, a grown-up daughter, an escaped prisoner, (2) 分词短语作定语要后置 I saw a group of students return from the school. Most of the young teachers work in this university are Ph.D. Do you know the girl employ by this company? Suddenly John saw a little girl run up to him. The book, complete in May, sells well.1. 作状语 (1)While _ (cross)the street, you must be careful. (While you are crossing the street,) _ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.2009真题第32题(河南省)_ from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.A. Seen B. Seeing C. To be seen D. Having seen _ (do) all her family chores, the mother began to watch TV.注意：-ving的时态和否定 一般式 doing 动作同时或者几乎同时 完成式 having done 动作一先一后 否定式 not doing/having doneShe sat there reading the book.Going into the room, he shut the door.Having lived in Hefei for many years, I knew the city well.Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.(2) Being blind, how could they see an elephant? (Because they were blind,) Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.(3) _ (Stand) on the building, you can see the whole city. _ (give) more time, we are sure to finish it on time.(4) Holding his head high, he walked past me. He sat at his desk writing, pausing to think and to look out of the window. The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.(5) Jane fell off her bike, cutting her leg. His wife died in 2,000, leaving him with 6 children to look after.自己带主语的分词结