直接引语变间接引语的巧学.doc

直接引语变间接引语的巧学1）歌诀巧记人称变化：人称变更怎么办？ “一主、二宾、三不变”若是自引自的话， 听者不变称不变。注：“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如：He sad，“I am forty，”He said that he was forty“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”He asked me if I wascoming the next day“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：He said，“Is she an English teacher？”He asked if she was an English teacher另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：He said，“Are you interested in English？”He asked me/us if Iwas/we were interested in English2）一变二换三变化四连词：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为间接引语时要注意：1）改为陈述句语序。2）人称代词、时态等也要变化。3）主句谓语动词为said时，换为asked。“一变”即改变语序；“二换”即换said为asked；“三变化”，即人称、时态要变化；“四连词”，即原来为一般问句时，间接引语中用whether或if，原来为特殊问句时，间接引语中仍用原来的疑问词。如：He asked,“How can I go to the museum?”He asked how he could go to the museum.当然，用口诀记似乎更简便，易记易学些。直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加if（或whether）， 陈述语序要记住。时态、人称和状语， 小心变化别马虎。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：直接去引号， 陈述莫忘掉。助动do（does）、did， 一定要去掉。（4）直接引语变间接引语时态对应转换表：直接引语时态 间接引语时态一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时一般过去时 过去完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时（请参看“16时态表“，原则上说要用第二行（横）的时态代替第一行，第三行的失态代替第四行。）情态动词也要变成相应的过去时：cancould；maymight；musthad to（3）代词，时间地点状语变化对应表在直接引语中在直接引语中指示代词thisthatthesethose 表示时间的词now thentodaythat daythis week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc)yesterday the day before last week(month ,etc) the week(month ,etc) beforethree days (a year ,etc) ago three days (a year. etc) beforetomorrow the next (following ) day next week (month ,etc) the next (following ) week (month ,etc)表地点的词herethere 动词bring take comego 1. He asked _ for the computer.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter（3）一改二变三加四去：祈使句变成间接引语时，根据说话人的语气分别用tell、ask、order、beg等作谓语，将原来的祈使句改为动词不定式。1）said（to）改为asked（或told，ordered）；2）said to的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语；3）在动词原形前加to，使之成为动词不定式；4）去掉please。如：She said,”Please help yourselves to the chicken.”She asked us to help ourselves to the chicken.Th