情态动词(Word版).docVIP

情态动词学习六要素一、注意情态动词的推测用法(共3个，用法见表)情态动词含义适用句型may可能，或许肯定句must一定，必须肯定句can/could可能，或许否定句，疑问句例1：Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might分析：选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用might例2：_the news be true? No, it _ be true.A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustnt分析：选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might 和must，应而用can和cant。二、了解情态动词的完成式用法(1) should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例1：I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out分析：选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。例2：I was really anxious about you, you _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 分析：选B。由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldnt/oughtnt to have left，表示责备。(2) may/might have done可能已做，must have done 一定已做，cant have done不可能做例1：Where is my pen? I _it.A. might lose B. wouldnt have lostC. should have lost D. must have lost例2：The light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed.A. mustnt have gone B. must have goneC. shouldnt have gone D. cant have gone分析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填cant have gone。(3) could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以寄5张明信片的。三、熟悉情态动词委婉用法could, would, might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用于疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may, can.例1：Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you_.A. might B. will C. can D. should分析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.例2：_you mind my smoking here?A. Should B Could C. Might D. Would分析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式would you mind来征求对方意见。四、弄清情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。例1：Must I start at once? No, you_.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. wont分析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。例2：Need I hand in my exercise book at once?Yes, you_.A. must B. need C. can D. will分析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式neednt。五、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：情态动词含义使用人称can/could可以各种人称may/might可以各种人称will/would愿意第二人称shall需要第一、三人称must必须各种人称need需要各种人称例1：_I tell John about it?No, you neednt. I have told him already.A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. May分析：选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。例2：_you please help me with my English?A. Would B. Do C. Shall D. Can分析：选A。次句表示征求对方意见，有“愿意”之意，而且又用于第二人称，应选用would。情态动词can & be able to误: He can be able to deal properly with all situations.正: He can deal properly with all situations.can & be able to均可表示“能”(have/having the power, skill, knowledge, time, etc. necessary to do sth.) ，二者不可用于同一句子。误: We shall can get there before supper if we go by bus.正: We shall be able to get there before supper if we go by bus.情态动词can只用于现在式和过去式，若表示将来，须用be able to。误: I was able to be heard.正: I could be heard.be able to通常不与被动式的不定式连用，而can却可与被动式的谓语动词搭配。误: Steve applied everywhere and finally he could get a good job.正: Steve applied everywhere and finally he got a good job.(1)若表示过去某种“具体的能力”须用was/were able to，不可用could；(2)但couldnt却可表示“一般的能力”，也可表达“具体的能力”(The child couldnt speak until three years old)。误: According to the radio it can rain this evening.正: According to the radio it may rain this evening. can一般表示理论上的可能性，而不表示实际发生的可能性或真实性；而may或might却可表示实际可能性。Anybody can make mistakes.We can hold another meeting tomorrow.She may be on her way right now.The cold weather may remain for a month.误: He can have arrived there by now.正: He may have arrived there by now.can & may均可与完成式动词搭配，表示对过去事情的推测，但can只用于否定句和疑问句；而may却可以用于肯定句，间或用于否定句。He cant have taken it upstairs this morning. Shes two hours late-what can have happened?Mr. Ellis may have missed the train.He may have left his office by now. If it had not been for Mary, I might not have understood. must误: Last night I did not go to the film and must wait for a friend at home. 正: Last night I did not go to the film and had to wait for a friend at home. must侧重主观看法，只用于现在；而have to比较强调客观需要，可用作各种时态。误: All must inevitably die.正: All must die. All will inevitable die. must表示“必然”(expressing certainty)；副词inevitably也表示“必然”(in an inevitable way)，二者不可用于同一个句子。误: You mustnt read that article if you dont want to.正: You neednt read that article if you dont want to.mustnt表示“千万不要，不准”，而neednt表示“不必”。must还有一种含义：“偏要”、“硬要”。表示对主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的，不满的甚至是生气的。Why must you be so stubborn?Just when we were ready to go away for the holidays, the baby must catch a cold.Why must it always rain on Saturdays? 误: It mustnt be true. 正: It cant be true. 若表示“不可能”，须用can的否定式cant。might have done1.语义上相当于should have done 或ought to have done,表示“埋怨对方本应该做的事而没有做”。You