高考英语宾语从句的几项注意及讲解.doc

宾语从句讲解一. 概念 （板书）作宾语的句子就是宾语从句。它在句中作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语。如： My mother says she will come back soon. I think I can work out this problem. I dont know why he was late this morning. 宾语从句可以是一个陈述句，也可以是一个问句。今天我们先来讲一讲陈述句作宾语从句的情况。 二. 宾语从句是陈述句的情况：1. 由that连接（或叫引出、引导）宾语从句。 比如上面两句就可以变成：My mother says that she will come back soon. I think that I can work out this problem.（在原句添加that）但that只起连接作用，没有实在的意义，常常省略。我们来试一试：合并句子：Mary is seriously ill. She doesnt know.Mary doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.He will arrive here on time. Im sure.I am sure (that) he will arrive here on time. 2. 宾语从句的语序 : 大家是否注意到陈述句作宾语从句的时候，它的语序没变，还是陈述句的语序。（可不提语序，因为陈述句本身没有变化，等以后接问句时再讲解。）我们来翻译几个句子：I hear (that) you are going to travel to the south next week.I think (that) he is doing his homework.I dont think he has already finished his homework.I know (that) Tom came back yesterday.Im afraid (that) Mike isnt here at the moment.Im sorry (to hear that) your watch is lost.三. 宾语从句的时态现在我们来分析一下主从句的时态。 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：My mother says that she will come back soon. My mother said that she would come back soonI think that I can work out this problem.I thought that I could work out this problem.He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.He said that Mr. Green had already flown to the U.S. for his holiday.I was told that my uncle would come to see me soon.My mother said that she had left her watch at home.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理(大自然的规律)，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.When we were young we knew that the earth goes around the sun.My father told me that the sun is bigger than the earth.He told me that Paris is the capital of France.注意事项一、引导词的选择 宾语从句的引导词除that只起连接作用外，其他的都有各自具体的意义。因此我们在选择引导词时，要把句型结构、句意及习惯搭配结合起来，做全盘考虑。请看下面的例句：Youll have to decide car well use, yours or mine Youll have to decide car well use, the old one or the new one Youll have to decide well use the new car for Youll have to decide well use the new car Awhich Bwhat Cwhose Dwhether 根据后面的yours or mine选择Cwhose；根据后面的the old one or the new one选择Awhich；选择B项，构成whatfor结构；只有选择Dwhether，全句的意思才通顺。 再如：I still remember when this used to be a small village相当于I still remember the time when this used to be a small village我仍然记得当时这儿曾是个小村庄。 另外，要特别注意：动词或动词短语check，make sure等作肯定句的谓语时，全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否”之意，但后面常用that作引导词。如： Check that everything is in order，please 请核对一下是否一切正常。 Make sure that the door is locked before you leave the lab 在离开实验室前，务必弄清门是否锁上了。 二、that的省略与否 that在口语中常省略。但在下列情况下，that一般不能省略： 1that从句置于句首以示强调或作简短回答时，如： That he has never seen such a thing I simply cant believe What do you assume from his attitude 你从他的态度推测到什么？ That he was frightened 他很害怕。 2及物动词所带的第二个及以后的宾语从句中。 He said Lesson 82 was important and that he should learn it well 他说第82课重要，他应学好它。 3that从句被短语、词组分开时。如： He told us once again that he would never give up 他再次告诉我们他决不会放弃。 4在复合宾语中。如： He made it clear that he wouldnt give us an answer 他表明他不会给我们答复的。 三、从句的谓语动词的形式 当主句时态为一般过去时时，宾语从句的时态一般受其影响，要用过去的相应时态。并且，此影响延伸至宾语从句中定语从句、状语从句等。如：He said he would come if he had time 他说有时间他会来。 但下列两种情形例外： 1当宾语从句为客观真理或普遍事实时，只用一般现在时。如： The voyage proved that the earth is round 那次航海证实了地球是圆的。 2当主句谓语动词为suggest, insist, demand等时，其宾语从句常用should型的虚拟语气，谓语为（should）动词原形。如： He demanded that they (should) be there on time 他要求他们按时到那儿。 四、从句的语序 在宾语从句中只用陈述语序。如： He was not satisfied with what I said 他对我说的不满意。 五、混合型的宾语从句 当主句谓语动词为thinksupposeexpectbelieve等时，且其后的宾语从句为否定句，常将否定词not从从句中转移