2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题及答案.doc

2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. point B. tendency C. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazing b. depressing c. predictable d. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnish b. copy c. publish d. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limit b. regulate c. oppose d. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproduced b. invented c. designed d. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put off b. arrived at c. abided by d. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. eased b. appeared c. improved d. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. serious b. ridiculous c. beautiful d. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silent b. motionless c. seated d. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. poverty b. war c. conflict d. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. act b. homework c. justice d. model12. A persons wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equal b. certain c. large d. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. started b. changed c. moved d. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincere b. respectful c. terrible d. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modest b. huge c. commercial d. national第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Wanna buy a body? That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into them, who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and us, the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other peoples difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the readers right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasnt alone.In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene and fastHow can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image （图象）. Youre a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites（伪君子）who need to be brought down, and its our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded us and mean-spirited them. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. The writer believes that shooting peoples nightmares is justifiable.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Journalists arent supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。The Storyteller1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking. 2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.” 3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.” 4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back. 5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”23. Paragraph 1_24. Paragraph 2_25. Paragraph 3_26. Paragraph 4_A. Inspirations for his movies B. The trouble of making movies C. A funny man D. Getting into the movie business E. Telling stories to make friends F. An aim of life 27. Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from _28. When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of _29. Spielberg is very good at _30. Spielberg says he makes movies for _A. almost everything B. telling scary stories C. a number of reasons D. making children laugh E. his childhood memories F. a lot of money 第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。第一篇 The National TrustThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31. The national trust is a _A. government agency depending on voluntary service.B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary serviceC. government department but is not rich.D. private organization supported by the government32. The National Trust is dedicated toA. preserving the best public enjoymentB. providing the public with free access to historic buildingsC. offering better services to visitors home and abroadD. protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings. n/33. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion _A. donated all his money to the TrustB. started the Country House SchemeC. saved many old country houses in BritainD. was influential in his time34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except _A. the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century housesB. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the TrustC. visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the TrustD. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.35. The word “invade” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA. come in without permission B. enter with invitationC. visit in large number D. appear 3l of a sudden第二篇 How we form first impressionWe all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals “mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “newpotentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.36. Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _A. past experience B. character C. facial features D. hobbies37. If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likely to say_A. “He is familiar and safe”B. “He is new and potentially threatening”C. “I like this person”D. “This is new I dont like this person”38. The word “preliminary” means _A. simplisticB. stereotypicalC. initialD. categorical39. Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _A. we neglect their depth and breadthB. they are not all locks, peeks, or freaksC. our thinking is similar to that of a very young childD. our judgment is always wrong40. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. Ones physical appearance can influence our first impressionB. our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brainC. Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrongD. We should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people第三篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”She added:”We know that the best w