大学英语学生用书第四单元unit4.doc

Unit 4 The Virtual World. Computer-related vocabularyThe most dynamic combining forms/prefixes for new computer-and Internet-related vocabulary in English are cyber-, virtual, Net- (net), Web- (web-), and E- (e-).1. combining forms/prefixes + noun (=virtual life (虚拟世界),virtual office(虚拟办公室), cyber-interaction(网络互动), cyber nut(网虫), cyber pet(电子宠物),Web page(网页), website(网站), e-card(电子贺卡),e-business(电子商务)2. combining forms/prefixes + verb(=cyber surf(网上冲浪), netsurf(网上冲浪), email(发送电子邮件)3. words like cyber, net, etc. + suffix(=cyberian(网络用户), netter(网民), cyberize(使联网)4. clipped words(=cyberdoc(网络医生), Netcast(网络播放), Netizen(网民), e-zine(电子杂志)Global Reading. Part Division Parts Para(s). Main Ideas11-3Description of the authors virtual life.24-10Her feeling about the virtual life.311-13Her effort of returning to the real world and her feeling about the real world.Detailed Reading . Difficult Sentences 4. (LL. 3132) At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to talk away in the background, something that Id never done previously. Translate the sentence into Chinese. (=有时我把电视机开着，让它作为背景声音一直响着，以前我从不这样做。)5. (LL. 3537) “Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, New York1, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Give the Chinese equivalents for “Dateline”, “Frontline”, “Nightline”, “CNN”, “New York1”. (=“每日新闻”、“一线新闻”、“夜间新闻”、“有线新闻电视网”、“纽约一套”。). Words and Expressions 1. (L. 8) submit: vt.1) give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered *I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft. *Peter submitted his application to the local government.2) yield (oneself); agree to obey *Should a wife submit herself to her husband? *We should submit ourselves to discipline.Collocation:submit oneself to 甘受, 服从submit to 服从于；把提交给submit willingly 心悦诚服2. (L. 18) take in:1) receive, admit2) include3) make (clothes) narrower4) understand5) deceive6) see at a glance; see at once (Directions:) Match the above definitions with the sentences below. 1. The dress was too big, so I took it in. (=3)2. I didnt take in what you were saying. (=4)3. She took in every details of the other womans clothes. (=6)4. Do you mean we should get rid of the stale and take in the fresh? (=1)5. Dont be taken in by her promises (=5)6. This is the total cost of the trip, taking in everything. (=2)Collocation:take after 仿效，跟随；相象，在相貌、脾气或性格上相似take apart 拆开take back 收回（所说的或所写的事）take down拿下，放下take for 把视作；误认为take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞take on 从事；开始对付：take out 取出；弄走take over 接管take up 举起；再次开始3. (L. 33) but then: yet at the same time *The failure of Chinas soccer team looks inevitable. But then, anything can happen in football.*这个马戏团并不出色，不过观众的要求也并不高。(=The circus was not a very good one, but then, the audience was not demanding.)4. (L. 34) suck in: (usu. passive) involve (sb.) in an activity, an argument, etc., usu. against their will *Some teenagers dont want to get involved with gangs, but they find themselves getting sucked in.*我不想卷入有关学校改革的辩论。(=I dont want to get sucked into the debate about school reform.)5. (L. 34) keep up with: 1) learn about or be aware of ( the news, etc.) *Carrie likes to keep up with the latest fashions. *He didnt bother to keep up with the latest news. His only concern was to study.2) move at the same rate as *My salary doesnt keep up with inflation. *他请了位家庭教师，因为他的功课跟不上班上其他同学。 (=He hired a tutor because he wasnt able to keep up with the rest of the class.)6. (L. 39) in sight:1) visible *No vehicle is in sight. *哪儿也见不到他。 (=He is nowhere in sight.)2) likely to come soon (=Peace was in sight at last after four years of war.) *An immediate agreement is nowhere in sight.Collocation:lose sight of 看不见；失去联系；忘记；没有考虑到 out of sight 看不到，不被看到7. (L. 50) rely: vi. depend confidently on, put trust in*He can always be relied upon for help.*你放心好了，我会早到的。(=You may rely on my early arrival.)Collocation:rely on/upon 依靠; 信任, 信赖rely upon it 放心CF: rely, trust & depend 这些词都有“信任”、“相信”的意思。rely 指完全的信任。例如：You are the only woman I can rely on. 你是我唯一能指望的女人。He can be relied on to keep secret.相信他能保密。trust 常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心。例如：We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate. 我们必须试图相互信任。留下来并且相互合作I dont think I could trust myself to speak to him about it. 我认为我不能对他谈论这件事。depend 意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心。例如： It is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies. 把我们的石油供应都依赖于中东国家是鲁莽的。It all depends on how you tackle the problem. 那要看你如何应付这问题而定。8. (L. 53) abuse:1. n. 1) wrong or excessive use*the abuse of power*alcohol abuse2) cruel treatment *The abuse of the helpless prisoner made him bitter. *human rights abuses2. vt. 1) put to wrong use; use badly*He abused his privileges in activities outside his official capacity.*他辜负了我对他的信任。(=He has abused my confidence in him.)2) do cruel things to (a person or animal) (=I wont allow you to abuse that dog.) *The arrested men have been physically abused.CF: abuse, misuse & mistreat 这些词都是动词，都有“不公正对待”、“伤害”或“滥用”之一。abuse 最普通，指各种故意的或非故意的、言语上的辱骂或行为上的伤害。例如： He was always abusing people when he was drunk. 他酒醉后总爱骂人。 The serf-owners had the right to beat, abuse or even kill the serfs at will. 农奴主有权任意打马甚至杀掉农奴。misuse 指不适当的使用，即“误用”、“滥用”，并不一定有目的性。例如： He misused the idiom. 他把这个成语用错了。 He misused his knife at the table by lifting food with it. 吃饭时他误用刀子拿食物。mistreat 多用于美国英语，表示苛刻或残暴对待。例如： The dogs owner mistreated him terribly. 这条狗遭到主人的虐待。 The magistrate administered a public thrashing to the landlord who had mistreated his brother. 法官对那虐待兄弟的地主施以公众鞭苔。. Useful Expressions 1. 一周中的最好时光 highlight of the week2. 投稿submit articles3. 有时at times4. 对感到厌恶feel an aversion to5. 社交方式forms of socializing6. 缺乏自律a lack of discipline7. 网络交际cyber-interaction8. 面对be confronted with9. 穿着得体be dressed appropriately10. 广告令心烦 be jarred by the commercials11. 工作成了次要的。 Work moves into the background.12. 坏脾气be bad-tempered13. 在此状态下 in this state14. 日常事务daily routine15. 依赖rely on16. 长期失业long-term unemployment17. 吸毒drug abuse18. 恢复平衡restore balance19. 将与区分开set apartfrom20. 面对面face to face21. 找借口make an excuse. Sentence Translation 1. I start to feel as though Ive become one with my machine, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another link in the Net.(=我开始觉得自己似乎与机器融为一体了，我接收信息，再发送出去，就如同互联网的一个连接点。)2. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction, coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.(=你一旦开始用网络交际取代人与人的真实接触，要走出这种“穴居”状态就会相当困难。)3. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.(=我开始理解为什么长时间的失业会那么伤人，为什么一个人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常计划就会导致吸毒、犯罪、自杀率的增长。)4. When Im in this state, I fight my boyfriend as well, misinterpreting his intentions because of the lack of emotional cues given by our typed dialogue. (=在这种精神状态下，我也和男朋友吵架，常因键出的对话缺乏情感暗示而误解他的本意。)5. 电视节目中的说话声让人感到宽慰，可那些广告又叫我心烦。(=The voices of the programs are comforting, but then Im jarred by the commercials.)6. 此外，近来她每天花两个小时时间与电脑厮守在一起。(=On top of that she has lately started spending some two hours in intense communication with a computer.)7. 她们深知你的弱点，知道如何乘虚而入。(=They always know where your weak points are, just where to slip in under your guard. )8. 我脑子里虚构出来的最可怕的场景一幕接着一幕，就像一部恐怖片。(=The worst scenes my mind dreams up play like a horror movie.). Writing Practice Inductive Generalization1. A brief introductionIn developing a paragraph by means of the inductive generalization, the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentences. Thus, in the inductive pattern, the topic sentence is likely to appear late in the paragraph, often at the end. The result may be referred to as a periodic paragraph, which, like a periodic sentence, cannot be considered structurally complete at any point before the end. 2. An example As an early-morning pastime, Susie, my tortoise-colored kitten, would frequent the utility room, swing open the small metal door on the gas heater, and peer at the mechanism inside. During the daytime her favorite toy was not the usual ball of the yarn, but a small musical top. And late at night, when there was sometimes a gentle tapping in the study next of my bedroom, the cause proved the same: in the darkness a soft little paw was playing feline rhythms on the keys of my typewriter. For a kitten, Susie had an unusual interest in mechanical things.Homework (Directions: ) You are required to write a paragraph with the method of Inductive Generalization . You can describe a person or a device. You can arrange the topic sentence at the end of your writing after you offer some details of the subject you describe. Wu Yan is a student of Southeast University. She is the monitor of our class. Every morning, she gets up at about 6:30. Then she goes to do some running on the playground. She is always the first person in the classroom. In class, she listens to the lecture carefully and takes an active part in all the activities by teachers. After class, she often reviews and previews the lessons and finishes her homework on time. Besides, she is too ready to help others. Whenever her classmates ask her some academic questions, she is always willing to help them until they understand. Furthermore, she often takes part in some social activities. Thats why all the students and teachers regard her as an excellent student. . Quotations about the Internet and Computer 1. Nowadays, anyone who cannot speak English and is incapable of using the Internet is regarded as backward. Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud, Saudi Prince 现在，任何一个不会讲英语、不能使用互联网的人都被认为是愚钝、落伍的人了。 沙特王子 阿尔瓦立德2. When I took office, only high energy physicists had ever heard of what is called the Worldwide Web. Now even my cat has its own page. Bill Clinton, American President 在我当总统时，只有那些高能物理学家知道被称作互联网的东西。而现在，连我家的猫也有它的主页。 美国总统 比尔克林顿2. The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. - Bill Gates, American computer programmer and businessman互联网正在变成明日地球村的市民广场。 - 美国软件设计师、企业家，比尔盖茨3. The new information technology, Internet and e-mail, have practically eliminated the physical costs of communications. Peter Drucker, American economist 新的信息技术、互联网和电子邮件几乎使实际通讯费用为零。 美国经济学家 彼得德鲁克4. I think its fair to say that personal computers have become the most empowering tool weve ever created. Theyre tools of communication, theyre tools of creativity, and they can be shaped by their user. Bill Gates, American computer programmer and businessman我认为，称个人电脑为人类所创造的最具影响力的工具是很公正的。它们是人们交流的工具、创造的工具，而且它们是可以受使用者掌控的工具。 美国软件设计师、企业家 比尔盖茨5. Like almost everyone who uses e-mail, I receive a ton of spam every day. Much of it offers to help me get out of debt or get rich quick. It would be funny if it werent so exciting. Bill Gates, American computer programmer and businessman几乎像每个使用电子邮件的人那样，我每天要收到大量的垃圾邮件。其中很多表示愿意帮我告别债务或使我快速致富。要是垃圾邮件不吹嘘得天花乱坠的话，那倒是显得可笑了。 美国软件设计师、企业家 比尔盖茨Supplementary Reading. Language Study1.（Para. 1）It is the sound of the only lasting disagreement in a household that is otherwise peaceful. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=这是一个原本安宁的家庭中唯一挥之不去的不和谐音。)2.（Para. 1）household: n. all the people living together in a house* American swimmer Michael Phelps has become a household name across the world after breaking the Olympic record for most gold medals in a single Games.在美国拥有汽车是很普遍的，大多数家庭拥有一辆或一辆以上的私人汽车。(=Automobile ownership in the United States is widespread, with most households owning one or more private auto. )3.（Para. 1）be hooked on: be very keen on and absorbed in* The Outdoors Magazine describes close-to-home destinations for those hooked on outdoor adventures. 新的研究发现那些试着抽烟的孩子在生理上迷上烟草的速度比人们想象得要快。(=A new study finds that children who experiment with cigarettes can become physically hooked on tobacco faster than people think.)4.（Para. 2）on top of: in addition to* The last few years were rough. Heart surgery, stomach cancer, and on top of that he lost everything when his house burned down. 他除了向我借了50英镑外, 还向我借汽车。(=On top of borrowing 50, he asked me to lend him my car.)5.（Para. 3）It leads to intimacy before acquaintance; it scatters secrets outwards, not inwards; and, most worrying of all, it is a vehicle for liars. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=它使人们还未相识就已亲近；它不能保守秘密反而扩散秘密；而最令人担心的是，它是撒谎人传播谎言的工具。)6.（Para. 7）on the whole: all things considered, in generalOn the whole, those countries experience a decrease in lung cancer that can probably be linked with tobacco control. 总的来看，该项目对俄罗斯的国家安全构成了某些威胁。（=On the whole, the project poses a certain threat to Russias natio