过去分词做定语表语的用法.doc

过去分词做定语,表语的用法1. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:(1)过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:1)多表示已完成的动作.例如:A .The broken glasses are mine.B. The book written in English is about “The differences between American English andBritish English”. 2)表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.例如:A. A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week.B. He wants to buy a used car.3) 没有一定的时间性.例如:A. I dont like to see letters written in pencil. B. His spoken English is excellent.(2)过去分词作定语在句中的位置:1) 单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前.例如:spoken English _ 一只受过训练的狗 _一条结了冰的河流 _注意 不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于 escaped,faded, fallen, risen, grown等.例如:the risen sun _ 落叶 _2) 过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前.例如: a newlybuilt road _ a manmade satellite _ 一个高度发达的国家 _3) 过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后.例如:A. There is anything arranged for the vacation ?B. There are many person killed in that accident .注意: 某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语. 例如: There is no time left .A. 某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同. 例如: A. The method used is very efficient .B. This is a used book .C. The book given to him is an English novel .D. We will be meeting at a given time and place . (3) 某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人. 这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词. 如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited . For example : A. The tired boy fell into asleep very soon .B. The puzzled mother come to her daughters teacher for help . C. The frightened baby kept crying .2. 过去分词作表语(1) 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异: The store is now closed .(系表) The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被动) The novel is well written . (系表)The novel is written by LuXun . (被动) (2) 某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人, 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰. 在口语中, 用very代替much来修饰过去分词的现象, 越来越普遍. 例如:A. On hearing the good news everyone was excited .B. We are very pleased at the news .Exercises in class :( ) 1. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists . A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting ( ) 2. The computer centers , _ last year , is very popular among the students in this school . A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened ( ) 3. What an _ game ! Im really _ at it .A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited C. excited, exciting D. exciting, exciting ( ) 4. The ground is _ with the _ leaves .A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen( ) 5. We are all _ to see that _ child .A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling C. pleased, smiling D. pleased, smiling( ) 6. The television is a _ machine .A. newlyinventing B. newlyinvented C. newlyintent D. newlyinvention ( ) 7. The _ price will save you one dollar for each dozen .A. reduce B. reduced C. reducing D. reduces .( ) 8. Romeo , _ that Juliet was dead , decided to kill himself .A. believe B. to believe C. believing D. believes ( ) 9. When _ this machine you must remembe