英语时态使用中的注意事项.doc

英语时态使用中的注意事项 来源： 金钥匙学校 发布时间： 2008-08-07 编辑： 叶谨 我来说两句(0) 字号：大 中 小 英语时态使用中的注意事项Attention pleases, ladies and gentlemen. Our bus is _ close to Cambridge, _ well _ _ to eat. Well have our lunch in the garden of a restaurant overlooking a small park that _ people of a very famous tree. Its said that General George Washington _ command of the army in 1775 under its very branches. It was almost 100 years later, in 1864, _ the city of Cambridge celebrated the event and from that moment _, the tree was called the Washington Elm. Later the tree _ _ by insects and finally _ in a storm. The remains of the tree were cut down and the _ rings were counted to find out how old the tree was. Well, it seems that if Washington _ the command of his army under this tree he must have done so _ his knees. This particular elm _ over 3 or 4 years old in 1775. It is a well-known fact that Washington took command under an elm tree, but _, it couldnt have been the famous Washington Elm. Looking back on my childhood, I believe that naturalists are_ and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters had no _ in flowers and insects. Unlike _ I had no _ for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I, we _ our summer holidays in Hungary, I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. _ do I recall the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins gathered next door. But I do have a _ memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the _ _ world. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy _ about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that _ these observations together in my mind. Suddenly I think I see the _ to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has _ in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some _ honor with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen(敏锐) eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world does not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities _ is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can _ the two, you get the best of both worlds.时态使用中的注意事项一、只用一般时态，不用进行时态的动词：A. know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, please, need, respect, prefer, mind, like, agree, wish, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love, hate, fear, hope, appreciateB. appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem, want, belong, depend on, lookC. accept,allow,admit,complete,decide,end,give,receive,refuse,permit,promise二、当表示过去未实现的希望或计划时，用过去完成时。I had hoped to pass the examination.=I hoped to have passed the examination.三、一些将来时态的表示法。shall，will 表示单纯将来和意志将来1.Did you tell Julia about the result? NMET 05 III Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. A will be calling B.will call C. call D. am to call2. . Look at these black clouds-there _ a storm ( be)Be to do 按计划，安排即将发生。也表示命令或禁止No one _ this building without the permission of the police. (is to leave) 3. He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school. This experience _ his life. ( change)4.be+coming(leaving,reaching,starting,returning,settingout,meeting,opening,dying,arriving)通常与表示未来的时间副词连用5. be about+动词原形表示“即将、马上、就要”发生的动作注：在使用be going to时要注意：不能表示单纯的将来，例：I am going to be twenty years old.如果有条件状语从句，主句中不能用。例：If I see him, I am going to give him your message.四、完成时态中瞬间动词的处理1.使用It is+since+过去时态的句子They have been married for thirty years.It is thirty years since they married.2.代替法（用延续性动词或状态动词代替瞬间动词）复合句中的时态问题一、在由下面的词，短语引导的条件状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句，主句如果是将来时态、或由情态动词，从句一般用现在时态表示将来。if, unless, as, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before, while, whenever, whatever, ever if, each time, the moment, every time, no mater how(what, when), so long as, on condition that 二、主句的时态是现在或将来范畴的时态，宾语从句的谓语动词可以是任意时态，不受主句谓语动词的影响。三、since引导的从句在主句之后，应是时间状语从句，用一般过去时，主句则是现在完成时；since引导的从句在主句之前，一般是让步状语从句，主句是将来时态或有情态动词，从句应是现在时态。四、固定结构no soonerthan, hardlywhen, scarcely before中, no sooner, hardly, scarcely引导的句子一般用过去完成时，而than, when, before引导的句子则用一般过去时。五、if引导的非真实条件句，wish后的宾语从句，应用虚拟语气（后退一步法）。六、主句中如果含有：请求，命令，建议等意义的词，后面的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，从句中的谓语动词用should加动词原形或省去should。七、It is time(high time)后的从句的时态一般用过去时（或should+动词原形）。八、would rather后的从句时态用一般过去时。九、It is the first time后的从句应用现在完成时态。1. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET 1997) A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 2. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. (2003北京) A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 3. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years.(2001北京、安徽、内蒙古春季) A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 4. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christ- mas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.(2002普高春季) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 5. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (NMET 2002) A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 6. -How are you today? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time. (NMET 2000) A. didnt feel B. wasnt feeling C. dont feel D. havent felt 7. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. (NMET 1995) A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet for + 时间段和since + 时间点往往表明到现在/过去为止某动作已持续多长时间，应用现在/过去完成时；by后接过去时间状语常表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时；up to now / today, until now / today, recently, lately, in recent years, all these days, so far，several times往往表示到现在/今天为止或近来动作已持续多长时间，或发生多少次数，应用现在完成时；in the past / last two years表示在到目前为止已经过去的几年里，应用现在完成时；in the next / following few years 表示在随后的几年里，应用一般过去时；in the coming few years表示在即将到来的几年里，应用一般将来时。 语境型时态题命题题例： 1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (NMET 2001) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 2. -Is this raincoat yours? -No, mine _ there behind the door. (NMET 1997) A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung 3. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -Of course. What is it? -I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. (2002北京) A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 应对方法：认真分析语境含义，努力寻找时态依据。 创新型时态题命题特点及应对方法 命题特点：现在型过去时：这种试题动作表述时的情况与实际情况有所不同。一般现在时代替一般将来时时态题：这种时态题或以条件状语从句、时间状语从句 Id like to welcome all of you to the University of North Carolina. This is the oldest public university in the United States, and we are _ to say that we _ one of the best public education opportunities anywhere in the nation. The school s_ in 1992, and has been _ ever since, _ the exception of having been closed for two years in the 1860s because so many young men _ to fight in the Civil War. Following the war, the university opened its doors again and has been open ever since. In this century, the student number has been _ rapidly, including women and small groups. Now we are looking _ to a bright future _ students from all backgrounds _ this university. 情景中的时态问题1.The film_. You are a little late.A.just beganB.just has begunC.has just begunD.has begun just now2.I dont really work here; I_ until the new secretary arrives.A.just help outB.have just helped outC.am just helping outD.will just help out3.If he_, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned,would not takeB.had been warned,would not have takenC.would be warned,had not takedD.would have been warned,had not taken4.I _ here an hour ago,but I am late.I have missed the train and I have to take a bus.A.wasB.had beenC.have beenD.should have been5 . When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before.A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen6.Im taking my driving test tomorrow. _！A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations7. How about taking a walk with me?_.A. Id like to B. Id loveC. Id love to take D. Id like 时态专项练习1. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my Mum. A. am taking B. have been taken C. take D. will have taken 2. We _ the bookshop in Johns car. You can come with us or you can meet us there later. A. went to B. have gone to C. are going to D. are going to go to 3. -What will you do tonight? -I _ Peter, and he _ me to the theatre then. A. would meet; would take B. will meet; taking C. am meeting; is taking D. am meeting; shall take 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. -My father will be here tomorrow. -Oh, I thought that he _ today. A. was coming B. is coming C. will come D. comes 6. -Did you see Betty yesterday? -Yes, at five oclock she _ a letter. A. has written B. had written C. was writing D. had been writing 7. I _ until they have returned. A. am not leaving B. will not have left C. will not be leaving D. will not have been leaving 8. Come on，PeterI want to show you somethingOh，how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift. Anever think；are going Bnever thought；were goingCdidnt think；were going Dhadnt thought；were going9. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (04北京)A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider10Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000 上海)A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used11. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before.A. never saw B. had never seenC. never sees D. has never seen12.Im taking my driving test tomorrow. _！A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulation13. How about taking a walk with me?_.A. Id like to B. Id loveC. Id love to take D. Id like各地区考题1. (北京卷)24. He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned2. (北京卷)27. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today. A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were3. (北京卷)29. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come4. (北京卷)31. Why did you leave that position? - I _ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered5. (广东卷)28. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing6. (广东卷)32. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be7. (湖北卷)22When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain. Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad started ;had already hiddenChad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid8.（湖北卷）23He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.Awere deciding Bhave decided Cdecided Dwill decide9. (湖南卷)30. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 oclock. - What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been10. (江苏卷)29.They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still workingC. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working11. (江西卷)35Hurry up ! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate . Oh ! I thought they without me . Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone12. (全国卷3)7Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _? Adid they speak Bwere they speaking Care they speaking Dhave they been speaking13. (全国卷3)8Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. Awill be calling Bwill call Ccall Dam to call14.（全国卷1）28What would you do if it tomorrow ? We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready . Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining15.（全国卷1）33The heros story differently in the newspapers. Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported16.（全国卷1）34The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had17.（上海卷）30. More than a dozen students in that school _ around to study medicine last year.A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent18.（上海卷）37. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat19. （浙江卷）1. My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. Aappears Bappeared Chas appeared Dis appearing20. （浙江卷）12.Are you still busy?Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. Ajust finishBam just finishing Chave just finished Dam just going to finish21. （山东卷）25.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (语态主谓一致)A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away22. （重庆卷）