新概念英语第四册第十九单元语法与句型.doc

新概念英语第四册第十九单元课语法与句型Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 说梦话的本质It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. Rest , in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The bodys tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity. If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. In l960 an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individuals sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. When woken at other times they reported no dreams. If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming. (NCE Book Four)【语法点】matter的词性和用法【课文原句】Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. Rest , in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming. 【例句衔接】All right, leave the matter to us two.好吧，就把这件事交给我们俩吧。As far as the weather is concerned, I dont think it matters. 就天气而论，我觉得没有什么关系。But this does not matter, for, as he often remarked, one is never too old to learn.但是这不要紧，因为，正如他一向所说的那样，一个人要活到老学到老。Every task, no matter how boring, brings me steps closer to fulfilling my dreams. 每一项工作，无论多么乏味，都使我朝着实现梦想跨进了步伐。For my part, it doesnt matter whether he comes or not. 对我来说，他来不来都没有关系。He checks the car as a matter of routine. 他例行公事，检查了汽车。I had suffered a great loss in business. To make matters worse, the bank broke. 我生意上赔了很多钱。更糟糕的是，银行又倒闭了。Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management. 工作压力是员工和资方都关心的事。It is a matter of pride for him that he has never accepted money from his family. 对他来说，从未要过家里人一分一毫是一件事关的事。a matter of importance 重要的事情a matter of concern关心的事情a matter of regret 令人遗憾的事情a matter for sb 某人处理的事情 a matter for the police 警察处理的事情its no small matter. 绝不是小事whats the matterwith.there is nothing the matter withthere is something the matter with.as a matter of routine 常规的事情as a matter of principle 由于原则的缘故as a matter of belief 由于信念的缘故as a matter of policy由于政策的缘故its only/just a matter of time 只是时间问题its a matetr of life of death 生死攸关的事情its a matter of luck/cost/taste 只是个运气问题、成本问题、兴趣问题【语法点】and so on 的用法【课文原句】Rest , in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.【例句衔接】He is interested in art, and music, and books, and so on.他对美术、音乐、书等都感兴趣。We study Politics, Chinese, English and so on. 我们学政治、中文、英文等等。We may also divide the screen into quarters, sixths, and so on. 我们亦可把屏幕划分为四等分、六等分等等。He talked about how much we owed to our parents, our duty to our country and so on and so forth.他谈到我们受到父母多少恩惠、 我们对国家应尽的义务等等。They wanted him for guest shots, record albums, personal appearances and so on. 他们请他在电影中客串，请他灌唱片，举行专场演出，诸如此类。Others are interested in art, and music, and books, and so on. 其他人都对艺术、音乐、书等感兴趣。She called him a liar, hypocrite, a low down swab and so on. 她骂他撒谎、伪君子、可鄙的笨蛋。诸如此类，不一而举。There are different forms of energy, such as heat energy, electric energy, and so on. 能有各种不同形式，诸如热能、电能等。【语法点】含有self的复合词【课文原句】The bodys tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.【例句衔接】Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. 批评与自我批评是必要的，因为它能帮助我们发现并改正我们的错误。Each time you let go, you are sure to come close to self-fulfillment. 每一次放弃，一定是进一步地超越自我。His attractiveness is partly due to his self-confidence. 他的吸引力一部分是由于他的自信。（CIDE）We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. 我们认为下面的这些真理是不言而喻的，那就是，人人生而平等。More importantly, the Asian peoples have a strong sense of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement. This is an important driving force for transformation and innovation.更重要的是，亚洲各国人民有着强烈的自尊自信、自立自强精神，这是激励变革创新的重要动力。Ethical or moral freedom meant to him the autonomy and self-determination of the human will. 对他来说，伦理的或道德的自由，意味着人的意志自律与自我决定。Other people will give up working for a boss and become self-employed. 还有些人不去给别的老板打工，而是自己当老板。The advantage of this is that it can spur people on to greater heights. The flaw is that it results in self-centred individualism, which affects creativity indirectly. 其好处是启发人的进取心，弊端是导致以个人为中心，间接影响创新。Self-vevence, self-knowledge, self-control, these three alone lead life to sovereign power. 自重，自觉，自制，此三者可以将生命引至崇高境域。He is a self-educated man. He didnt finish even elementary school. 他是一个自学成材的人。他连小学也未读完。Hong Kong has entered its new era stronger and more self-assured than at any other time in its history. 香港踏入了自开埠以来经济最强劲和自信心最强的新纪元。It was felt that each nations self-interest was served by encouraging its exports and discouraging its imports. 一般认为，鼓励出口和限制进口是符合每个国家的自身利益的。China has traditionally been the self-sufficient, self-contained Middle Kingdom.中国历来是自给自足的“中史之国。”The thought of doing something humiliating to her own self-respect attracted her wonderfully.这种去做使她的自尊心受到羞辱的事情的思想奇怪地诱惑着她。The second section consists of those who in the main are economically self-supporting.第二部分是在经济上大体上可以自给的。Self-absorbed 只顾自己的Self-assurance 自信，自恃Self-awarenessSelf-confessedSelf-consciousSelf-deceptionSelf-defenceSelf-denial克己，苦行Self-destructionSelf-disciplineSelf-doubtSelf-imposedSelf-knowledgeSelf-pitySelf-possessedSelf-restraintSelf-seeking【语法点】“连词形容词”类省略句【课文原句】The bodys tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.【例句衔接】The full figures, when available, will show imports remaining at