非谓语动词语法专练.docVIP

语法专练-非谓语动词出题人：张莉 审核人： 日期：2011-10-15课前预习案：(2011山东）Look over there-theres a very long, winding path _up to the house. A. leading B.leads C.led D.to lead 非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：（1） 具有句子结构的知识，要分清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句；（2） 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分清双宾语与复合宾语；（3） 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应烂熟于心；（4） 具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长难句。非谓语动词的句法功能（请在相应格子中划）主语宾语表语定语宾(主)补状语to dodoingdone分析下列句子中非谓语动词的句法功能：1. All these gifts must be mailed immediately to be received in time for Christmas.2. Making the right decisions concerning the future is probably the most important thing well ever do in our lives.3. Mrs Murphy had an accident driving to work and was badly injured.4. In the United States, 40 % of the toys sold are designed for adults.5. Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.6. Its difficult to imagine his accepting the decision without any consideration.7. They went back home, leaving the work unfinished.8. She was heard crying in the room.9. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.10. A man without a smiling face must not open a shop.课内探究案：非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要有to do（不定式）, doing（动名词和现在分词）, done（过去分词）三种形式。一、 非谓语动词的时态和语态1. 不定式的时态和语态主动式被动式一般时完成时进行时完成进行to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done2. doing的时态和语态主动式被动式一般时完成时doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done二、非谓语动词作主语不定式作主语，常用it作形式主语代替，而把不定式放到句末，使句子平衡。-ing（动名词）作主语，常表一般性的事实、概念、习惯或者经验，有时也用it作形式主语而把-ing形式置于句末。如：It is no use/good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It is fun playing with children.There is no joking about such matters. 这种事情开不得玩笑。Eg：1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. ATo have had BHaving had CHave DHaving若主语与表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。如：Seeing is believing.(=To see is to believe.) 眼见为实。三、非谓语动词作宾语1.下列动词只能跟不定式作宾语：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help.此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。Eg: 2.We agreed _here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have meet2.下列动词只能跟-ing（动名词）作宾语：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape.此外，be used to, lead to, devoteto, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。3.下列动词既可以跟不定式，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget to do/doing (忘记去做/做了)，remember to do/doing（记得要做/做了），regret to do/doing(遗憾要去/后悔做了), stop to do/doing (停下来去做/停止做) try to do/doing(努力做/尝试做) mean to do/doing(打算做/意味着做) go on to do/doing (接着做另一件事/继续做同一件事), cant help (to) do/doing (不能帮助做/情不自禁做)。Eg：1.She didnt remember _(meet) him before. 2.Weve already deeply regretted _(sell) the house.3.This dictionary cant help _(learn) the language.4.When do you plan to leave? I mean _(leave) tomorrow. doing sth. 4.allow/permit/forbid/advise sb to do sth.5.need/want/require + doing( to be done) / + sb to do sth.6.be worth doing/ be worthy to be done/of being done7.不定式在介词but，other than（除了）后，如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to. 如：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait. (to不能省去)在cannot choose but, cannot help but（只好），cannot but （只好），had better, would rather 后面的不定式也要省略to. 如：He cannot choose but stay on.I cannot but agree to his terms.(我只好同意他的条件)You had better come here on time.I would rather stay than otherwise. (我宁愿留下来也不愿做别的)8.不定式做动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时， 前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who 等，但why后加不带to的不定式。如：He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us how we should do the work.)We must decide whether to stay or go. (=We must decide whether well stay or go.)Can you tell me why do it?四、非谓语动词作表语： 作表语的分词（现在分词和过去分词）已经具有形容词的性质，如:exciting/excited, exhausting/exhausted, interesting/interested, disappointing/ disappointed, etc. 不定式作表语，多表将来，但有些情况下用不定式，要视情况用其合适的时态和语态。Eg:3.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything.A to tell B to be told Cto be telling D to have been told4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.Ato see Bto be seen Cseeing Dseen五、非谓语动词作定语-ing（动名词/现在分词）作定语表示性质、状态或正在进行。-ed 作定语表示被动、完成或状态。以上如果是单个单词，用作前置定语，短语用作后置定语，一般可以改为定语从句。不定式做定语多后置。Eg:5.-The last one _pays the meal. -Agreed!Aarrived Barrives Cto arrive Darriving6.Im afraid well have to work extra hours for there are still some problems _. Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settled Cremained to be settled Dto remain to settle分词作定语，例句：The house being built are for the teachers. (被动，进行)I have never seen a more moving movie. (主动，特征) boiling water 沸腾的水 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子boiled water 烧开过的水 fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子注意：1.如果不定式是不及物动词，应在不定式后跟上相应的介词。如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.但如果修饰的名词是time，place，或way时，介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in). 用不定式做定语的几种情况：（1）不定式表将来。 The car to be bought is for his sister.（2）修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与其是主动关系时，用不定式做定语。如： He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（3）修饰抽象名词时用不定式。常见的名词有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。如： Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing.六、非谓语动词作状语不定式多作目的、结果、原因状语。而分词作状语，注意与句子主语的逻辑一致和谓语动词的动作发生先后关系，在句中多作时间、条件、伴随、原因，结果，让步等状语。如：7._ many times, she still cant remember it. AHad told BHaving been told CHaving told DBeing told8._full preparation, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.AWe did not make BHaving not made CWe had not made DNot having made9.Written in a hurry, _. APeter made many mistakes in the paper. Bthere are many mistakes in the paper Cwe found some mistakes in the paper. Dthe paper is full of mistakes10.Hesitating what to do, _. Aso lets not go outing Bthe tour was cancelled Cbut we should still take the tour Dwe had to stay home 独立成分作状语1.有些分词或不定式作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说， frankly speaking 坦白地说， judging from/by根据来判断，considering/takinginto consideration 考虑到， to tell you the truth 说实话，seeing(that)考虑到，supposing假设，如果，saving除了，除非，assuming假使，admitting虽说、即使，given如果，provided/providing如果，compared to/with与相比。如：Considering your health, youd better have a rest.Judging from his accent, he is from the south.Eg: _(take) his health into consideration, he has to be sent to hospital at once.2.独立主格非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，但有时非谓语动词常带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语。我们称之为独立主格结构。其构成为名词或代词+非谓语成分（分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等），并且二者保持逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系。我们也可以把with/without + 宾语+宾补结构看作独立主格。The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.He came out of the library, (with) a large book under his arm.七、非谓语动词作宾（主）补1.感官动词see，watched, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice等词的宾补有四种形式，以see为例：see +宾语+do 看见做了see+宾语+doing 看见在做see+宾语+being done 看见正在被做see+宾语+done 看见被做变式训练：I heard her sing an English song just now. She was heard _(sing) an English song just now.Id like to see the plan carried out.This is the plan that youd like to see _(carry) out.2.leave 后接非谓语作宾补，意为“使处于某种状态”Leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事Leave sth undone 留下某事未做 （undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched）Leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事 Leave sth to be done 留下某事要做 （二者不定式皆表将来）3.have,get 后跟三种形式非谓语动词。have/get sth done 使/让某事由别人去做；遭受have sb/sth doing 让某人/物持续做get sb/sth doing 使某人/物开始做have sb do sth 让某人干某事get sb to do sth 让某人干某事，下列为可以跟不定式作补语的动词：（ sb to do sth）advise,allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on等。如：You are not allowed to smoke here.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warnings before firing any shots.用不定式做主补的结构：Sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought + to do/to have done/to be doing.Eg: He is said to have gone abroad(=It is said that he has gone abroad.)Heat is considered to be a form of energy. 热能被看作是一种能量。小窍门：下列动词在主动语态中跟不带to的不定式作补语，在被动语态中要加上to。它们是：“吾看三室两厅一感觉” 5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,let,have）2听（listen to,hear）1感觉（feel）。课后巩固案1.（2011天津卷）Passeagers are permitted_ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried2.（2011江西卷）On hearing a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A.says B.said C.saying D.to say3.（2011天津卷）_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated4.（2011北京卷） Its important for the figures_ regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated5.（2011四川卷）Ladex doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old.A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study6.（2011四川卷）Simon made a big bamboo box_ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep7.（2011四川卷）_ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer8.（2011全国II） Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying9.（2011全国II）The island, _to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined10.（2011陕西卷）More highways have been built in China, _it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.A. making B. made C. to make D. having made11.（2011陕西卷）Claire had luggage_ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked12.（2011北京卷） Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,_ on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept13.（2011辽宁卷） Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach_ to read first. A. what B. who C. how D. why14.（2011辽宁卷）_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering15.（2011湖南卷） Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt16.（2011重庆卷）More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced_ peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised17.（2011江苏卷）The fact that so many people still smoke in public place _that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggestedD.suggesting18.（2011江苏卷）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared19.（2011全国新课标卷）The next thing he saw was smoke_ from behind the house.A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen20.（2011浙江卷）Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have21.（2011浙江卷）Even the best writers find themselves _for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 22.（2011浙江卷）If they win the final tonight, the team are going to touraround the city _by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheered C. To be cheered D. Were cheered23.（2011湖南卷） The ability _an idea as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to cover24.（2011湖南卷）The players _from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to selected C selected D having selected25.(2011安徽卷) Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break26.(2011山东卷) Look over there-theres a very long, winding path _up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D.to lead27.（2011重庆卷） Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind28.（2011福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_.A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold29.（2011福建卷） Tsinghua University,_ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founde