高一英语(上)第一单元知识点归纳.docVIP

高一英语（上）第一单元知识点归纳Unit 1一、基本知识点：1、argueargue about/over. 就某事而争论 argue with. 和某人争论argue for/ agaist.赞成/反对argue that.主张，认为argue sb. into/out of (doing) sth.说服某人做/不做某事He argued with the taxi driver about the fare.He argued for/against the new plan to be carried out the next month.He argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.We argued him out of doing such a silly thing.They argued _ the matter the whole afternoon, and at last agreed _ the date for the next meeting.A. with; withB. on; onC. about; onD. over; overEvery time I express an opinion, he always argue _ me _it.A. against; against B. against; overC. with; againstD.with; for2、shareshare (in) sth.share sth. with sb.a/ones shareJiao Yulu shared the joys and sorrows with the people.Its raining hard. May I share the umbrella with you?Everybody ought to have his share of food.Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to _.A. supportB. careC. spareD. share3、survivesurvive sth.survive on sth.survival n(u)survivor n(c)Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.He felt lucky to have survived the war.In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _.A. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would surviveD. will survie4、imagine （不可用进行时）imagine sth.Imagine (ones) doing sth.I can hardly imagine living alone on an island.Do you think well have a holiday?I imagine so.(Just) imagine (it).想想看Can you imagine these fat men _ a high mountain?A. climbingB. to climbC. being climbedD. to be climbed5、supposesuppose sb./sth. to be.以为某人（物）是.； suppose + that 从句表示建议“不妨，何不”； Lets suppose +从句，表示“假设”be supposed to do.应该/应当做.在答语中，肯定为I suppose so.“我认为如此”；否定为I dont suppose so./I suppose not. Suppose/Supposing.假如I dont suppose anyone is willing to go there alone, _ they?A. do IB. dont IC. do theyD. are they 6、especiallyspeciallyparticularlyespecially, 副词“尤其是”“特别是”，用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句，含有超出其他之意，用来加强语气，表达这一意思时，可与particularly通用。specially, 副词，“特意地”“专门地”，强调有特色，不一般，是专门为一特定目的而进行的某一特定行为。He likes the country, especially in autumn.My uncle came to the country specially to see my mother.Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont know the language.A. extremelyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. especially7、for example与such asfor example用来表示举例说明，位句中的插入语，其前、后要用逗号隔开，可以用于句首、句中和句末。such as意为“诸如.之类的“例如”,用来列举事物的一类，放在被列举的事物与前面的名次之间，as之后不用逗号。Languages _French, Italian and Spanish come from Latin.A. for exampleB. take as an exampleC. such thatD. such as8、in order to, to 与 so as to 在做目的状语时，可以互换，但so as to不可用于句首,但可以分开使用，soas to 。它们的否定都是在to 前加not. 它们都可以转换为so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句，在从句中要加入情态动词。Ill water the vegetables in order to/so as to/ to keep the soil from getting too dry.The teacher raised his voice in order to be heard by all the students.He ran even faster _.A. in order to catch up withB. not to be caught up withC. so as to catch up othersD. to not be caught up with_ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Have slept9、so that,in order that （1）用来表示目的，引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常与can, could, may, might, should等情态动词连用。He turned up the radio so that/ in order that everyone could hear the news.当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可进行如下转换。We got up early so that we could catch the first train.= We got up early so as to catch the first train.当从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，要用for来引导不定式的逻辑主语。I stopped so that he could speak to me.= I stopped for him to speak to me.so that, in order that引导目的状语从句，一般不放在句首。（2）用来引导结果状语从句。从句中的谓语动词不与can, could, may, might, should等情态动词连用，而用过去式。He turned up the radio so that everyone heard the news.10、much too, too muchmuch too 的中心词是too, 用来修饰形容词和副词，在句中做状语。too much的中心词是much,可做代词或形容词，在句中做主语、表语、宾语或定语等成分。坐定语时后接不可数名词。be too much for sb. 意为“对某人来说太.”Too much has been done recently.Dont drink too much wine.Its too much for me to lift the stone.These maths problems are _ difficult for me. Could you please help me out?A. much tooB. too muchC. very muchD. suchIn my opinion, the students have _ homework every day.A. too manyB. too muchC. much tooD. too lot 11、alone, lonelyalone既可做形容词，也可作副词，表示“单独的；独自一人的/地”。做形容词时，为表语形容词，不能用作前置定语，但可做后置定语和补足语。alone不能用very修饰，而要说much alone, 或very much alone。 由alone构成的短语有：all alone“独自”；leave/let.alone“别管，听任”；let alone“更不用说”lonely仅作形容词，可做表语和定语，表示“孤独的；偏僻的；荒凉的” 。做表语时，alone的意思是“独自一人”，指的是客观情况；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主观情感。Although the little girl was _ at home, she didnt feel _ at all.A. alone, lonelyB. lonely, aloneC. alone, aloneD. lonely, lonelyThe old man lived _ in a _village, but he didnt feel _.A. lonely, alone, lonelyB. lonely, lonely, aloneC. alone, lonely, lonelyD. alone, alone, lonely12、表示“爱好，喜欢”的短语及所接的成分有：be fond of +名词/ 代词/动词ing形式；like +名词/ 代词/动词ing形式/不定式；enjoy +名词/ 代词/动词ing形式；be into +名词/ 代词feel like +名词/ 代词/动词ing形式；I am not _hiking, but I am fond _singing.A. into; atB. on; atC. into; ofD. on; of13、关于lie和lay的用法原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义用法lielied lied lying撒谎不及物lielaylainlying躺位于不及物系动词laylaidlaidlaying放置，产及物tell a lie/lies撒谎lie down 躺下lie in 在于His success lies in hard work.练习： The boy _ in bed _ to his mother that the hammer still _ where he had_ it.A. lying; lay; lay; lainB. lies; lay; lied; laidC. lying; lied; lay; laidD. lies; lied; laid; lain二、句式1、What does sb. look like?What is sb. like 意为“某人看上去如何？”侧重于外表。What does sb. like? 意为“某人喜欢什么？”How does sb. like sb. 意为“某人以为某人如何？”_?He is tall and brave.A. What does he likeB. How does he likeC. What is he likeD.Do you like him2、“也”的不同句式 （1）肯定句式Aalso 通常用于句中。有时也可以放在句首。Btoo 的位置比较灵活，可以在句中，大部分在句尾。C“so +助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”，表示“肯定延续”。前后主语不一致，谓语相同，承前省略后面相同的谓语；前后主语相同，谓语不同，后面的谓语不能省略。I like reading fairy tales. So does my sister.She can sing, (and) so can she dance.(2)否定句式Aeither 用于句末。B“neither/nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词+ 主语”，表示“否定延续”。前后主语不一致，谓语相同，承前省略后面相同的谓语；前后主语相同，谓语不同，后面的谓语不能省略。I wont go to the party. Nor/Neither will she.Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?I dont know, nor do I care.(3)特别需要注意：A“so+ 主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词”，表示“重复强调”，表示下文对上文的赞成及肯定。前后主语一致。“某人确实、的确.”She likes having sports in the afternoon. So she does.B“主语+ do + so”表示句中的主语重复前文中的动作，按照别人的吩咐做某事。“就那样做了”The teacher asked me to read the novel and I did so.C“so it is/was with sb”表示尚未两种情况是由于后者：上句既有肯定又有否定或者既有实意动词又有系动词。John likes fish but he doesnt like meat, so it is with Mary.D用于表示“肯定延续”和“否定延续”的“so/neither/nor”引起的倒装句，如果前一部分为if引导的条件状语从句为一般现在时表示将来，那么主句则用表示将来的“will/shall”If you go there, so shall I.E句中如用否定的派生词，后句不受影响。She is unmarried, so am I. 练习：He likes playing basketball. _,and _.A. He does do; so am IB. He is; neither do IC. So he does; so do ID. He does so; so I amI hoped to win and _.A. so shall IB. so I shallC. I shall soD. so IJohn missed the first bus and was late for work today.Oh, _.A. so was MaryB. so did MaryC. it is the same with MaryD. it is the same to MaryIf you dont go boating tomorrow, _.A. nor does heB. so does heC. neither will sheD. either will she3、“sothat”与“suchthat” 它们都表示“如此.以至于”，引导结果状语从句。区别在于： （1）“so +形容词/副词+ that ”,“so+形容词+ a/an+单数可数名词+that”,“so + many/few +复数可数名词+that”，“so +much/little +不可数名词+ that.”。（2）“such + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that”，“such +形容词+可数名词复数+ that”，“such +形容词+ 不可数名词+that.”The wind blew so hard that we could hardly walk.It was so cold that we didnt want to go out.It is such a good film that I like to see it a second time.练习：Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _many poor people?A. such; suchB. such; soC. so; soD. so; suchIt is _ that Id like to go climbing.A. a such lovely day B. such a lovely day C. so lovely day D. so lovely a day4、when与while(1)while 作并列连词，表示转折对比，意为“而”；when作并列连词，意为“这时”，同at that time. Was/were doingwhen正在突然 had (not/hardly)when刚就 was/were about to dowhen正要突然was/were on the point of doing when刚就I was crossing the road when I heard my name called from behind.I had hardly left when it began to rain.(2)while作从属连词，意为“当.时候”，“一边.一边.”，只于延续性动词连用；when作从属连词，“当.时候”，既与延续性动词连用，又可以与瞬间动词连用。(3)when作从属连词，意为“既然、考虑到”，=since; considering that; while作从属连词，意为“虽然”，=althoughHow can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching TV? 既然他们把空余时间花在看电视上，怎么能学到知识呢？While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they can not be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。练习： Why do you want a new job, _ youve got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. whichD.whenI am going to the office._ youre there, can you get me some stamps?A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD.IfHe was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whileD. when5、should + have +动词过去分词，表示过去应该做而实际上并没有做的动作，意为“本应该、本应当.”, 含有责备的意味；其否定形式should not have done则表示过去不应该做但实际上已经做了的事情。 You should have done the work better.You should not have told my secret to others. 练习：I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave6、动词不定式短语：疑问词+不定式，可以作主语、表语、宾语。能用动词不定式短语作宾语的动词有以下16个：知道记住忘理解；想知解释查明白；决定高尚两考虑；讨论表明学问拆（“学问”拆成两词）。 以上每句口诀含4个词：know, remember, forget, understand; wonder, explain, find out, see; decide, tell, think of/about, consider.When to go camping depends on the weather.We must decide whether to go or stay.What we are considering is what to do next三、第一单元易错题练习1. There was an _expression on her face for she received an _ telephone call from her best friend.A. interesting; excitedB. excited; interested C. excited; excitingD. exciting; interesting2. I have books at hand to fill my time _.A. inB. forC. withD. at3. What shall we do this weekend?If you go boating, _.A. so shall IB.I shallC. so I shallD. so do I4.Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. _, and _.A. So she did; so did IB. So she had; so had I C. So had she; so did ID. So did she; so I had5.I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident. _. Lets go and see him.A. Whats moreB. If soC. Where possibleD. When necessary6. If you dont go, _ I.A. so doB. so willC. nor doD. neither will7.These shoes cost _. Whats more, they are _small for me.A. much too; too muchB. too much; much tooC. very much; veryD. very much; much8. The teacher explained to us _ to do and _ to do tit before the experiment.A. what; howB. which; whenC. whether; whatD. how; what9. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be10. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own.A. untilB. even ifC. unlessD. as though11. Who is he?A man _ himself Smith.A. namedB. who is calledC. callingD. calls12.If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A. in whichB. whatC. whenD. where13.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _he thought was not enough.A. whereB. howC. whatD. which14. I like swimming, while what my brother enjoys _.A. cookingB. to cookC. is cookingD. cook15. Hand in hand with reading, he had _the habit of making notes.A. developedB. inventedC. madeD. built16. Those relatives were _ people. After a few days, I was getting _ and homesick.A. boring; boringB. bored; boredC. bored; boringD. boring; bored17. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave _ something occurred which attracted my attention.A. unlessB. untilC. whenD. while四、本单元必须掌握的重点句子1. Practise talking about likes and dislikes.2. Learn to make apologies.3. Use the following to describe a five-star in three words.4. A good friend is someone who makes me happy.5. Read about the words in the box below and fill in the form.6. Give your reasons for your decisions.7. Other favourite hobbies are reading and singing.8. My interests are playing football and singing songs.9. I surf the Internet all the time.10. Imagine that you are alone on a island.11. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.12. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.13. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend- a volleyball he calls Wilson.14. We need friends to share happiness and sor