ing动词短语的用法.doc

-ing 动词短语的用法一. 动词的-ing 形式作定语: running waterrunning shoesflying fishflying suitliving thingsliving conditionsdancing wavesa waiting busa waiting rooma swimming boya swimming poola writing deskChina is a developing country.The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father.Do you know the three children walking toward us?二. 动词的-ing 形式作宾语补足语动词的-ing 形式可以在某些动词如: see, hear, notice; watch, keep, find, get, have, feel 等词后与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语.1. Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.2. Im sorry to have kept you waiting.3. Do you see a girl running towards us?4. I cant have you catching cold.5. Did you see a strange man _ (go / going) to the building?三. 动词的-ing 连用的重要句型:1. have difficulty ( trouble, problem, fun, pleasure, a good time , a hard time) (in )dong sth. e.g. We had no difficulty ( problem, trouble) in finding his house.I had a good time living with the neighbour.We had much fun / pleasure talking with him.2. Theres no need / use/ harm / hurry / knowing (in) doing sth.e.g. Theres no use making an excuse for this.Theres no need waiting for him.Theres no hurry getting ready for this.3. feel like doing4. be in the habit of doing sth.5. on doing sth.e.g. On hearing the news, I changed my play. = As soon as I heard the news, I changed my play.6. be worth doing四. 动词的-ing 形式作主语1. Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.2. Studying abroad is very difficult in the first few months.3. Seeing is believing.动词的-ing 形式作主语时常用句型：1. Its no good / use doing sth.: Its no good / use having a car if you cant drive.2. Its great fun doing sth. Its great fun ( to prepare ) preparing for a party.3. Its a waste of time doing sth. Its a waste of time talking to him.4. Its interesting / foolish / nice / difficult doing sth. e.g. Its interesting organizing ( to organize) a dance.5. There is no.e.g. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what may happen. 无法估计将会发生什么事.五. 动词的-ing 形式作表语1. My hobby is colleting stamps.2. The real problem is getting to know the needs of the students.注: 动词的-ing 形式和不定式都可以作主语或表语, 一般来说, 在表示抽象笼统的一般动作时多用动词的-ing 形式; 在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.如:1. Smoking is not allowed here.2. It isnt good for you to smoke so much.3. My job is typing letters and papers.4. My job now is to type these letters and papers.六. 动词的-ing 形式作宾语:1. 只接动词的-ing 形式作宾语的动词和动词短语: finish, complete, suggest, avoid, stop, mind, enjoy, delay, practice, advise, consider, escape, miss, imagine, risk, prevent, appreciate, resist, keep on, give up, put off, get through, dislike, cant help, burst into, succeed in; feel like; be fond of; keep on; stop ( prevent ) from; be used to doing; spend on; be interested in2. 两者都可以，但区别较大者：1) remember / forget / regret2) try3) mean4) like / prefer / hate / love (抽象、笼统与具体、特定)e.g. I hate speaking before a big audience. / I hate to say so, but I really cant go.I love doing comedies. / Id love to go to the cinema now.5）start / begin在以下三种情况下，只用不定式作宾语：a. 主语是物不是人： The weather began / started to get fine.b. start 和begin用于进行时：Hes beginning / starting to cook the dinner.c. 后跟表示情感、意念或思想的动词：I began / started to realize that I was wrong.6）stop 7）go on七动词的-ing 形式作状语1. Arriving there, he made up his mind t go in.2. Not knowing her telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with her.3. Helen was sitting by the window, reading a novel.4. His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.当动词的-ing 形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，应使用完成式，即：having done. 如：1. Having finished homework, he rushed out to play football.2. Having invited him to give us a talk, wed better go to listen to him.3. Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover.动词的-ing 形式还有被动式，表示与句子的主语之间是被动关系。如1. Being asked to give a performance, she couldnt refuse.2. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.3. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.动词的-ing 形式作状语时， 无论是主动式还是被动，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致。e.g. Rushing into the dining room, supper was waiting for me.Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was there waiting for me.Having warned him that there would be a storm, the captain decided not to leave port.Ha