非谓语动词讲解与专练.docx

非谓语动词 讲与练 非谓语动词三种形式：动词不定式、分词、动名词一、动词不定式 【形式】两种形式：to do 或 (to) do，一般表示目的和未做的事： 1、主语：a. 表目的： To build this shopping mall needs much money.b. 与形式主语的替换：To finish so much homework in a day is impossible. = It is imposssible to finish so much homework in a day. *注：It is of sb. to do 主观 It is for sb. to do 客观2、表语： 表解释说明上述内容，如谓语be,seem, 主语wish, idea, what one want to do Their task is to build a railway in a year.3、宾语： a. 固定搭配：how to do, pretend, teach, determine, manage, choose The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I came back home. b. 形式宾语：We think it possible to finish the work in a week.4、定语： 表示一个未发生的动作，放于被修饰的名词之后 The building to be built will be used as a hospital.5、状语：a. 目的状语：to. / in order to. / so as to. We got up early in order to catch the first bus. b. 结果状语：too. to / so.as to. / only to. He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burnt down.6、补语： a. 宾补：He asked me to do work with him. b. 主补：She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.7、独立结构： 在句中作插入语：to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse二、现在分词【形式】两种形式：doing 或having done，一般表主动和进行现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作：1、定语： a. 单个现在分词-被修饰名词前，现在分词短语-后 b. 可变换成定语从句，进行时态 The girl reading over there soon fell asleep. = The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.2、状语： a. doing: 示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生-进行 The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid. b. having done：表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前-完成 Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.3、补语： doing作宾补，表进行，see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch sb. doing sth. The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.4、表语： doing表示主语的特点，可以看作形容词 The film was very interesting.5、独立结构： 固定搭配，不分主、被动generally speaking, judging from/by, considering Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.三、过去分词【形式】done, being done, to be done-定语， done, having been done-状语， 一般表被动和完成过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作：1、定语： a.可变换成定语从句，表被动语态 The books bought yesterday are of high quality. = The book which were bought yesterday are of high quality. b. 三种时态： done：动作已发生 being done：动作正在发生 to be done：动作将要发生 The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful. The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long. The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.2、状语： a. done: 表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生,表状态 Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. b. having been done：表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前 Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.3、补语： done 作宾补，表被动，have / get something done，make oneself done Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-makers.4、表语： done表示主语的状态，可以看作形容词 Im interested in reading novels.5、独立结构：compared with, dressed动 名 词【形式】doing，具有名词特征1、主语： Studying English well is no easy job. a. 形式主语，固定搭配It is no use / no good / useless / interesting .+ doing sth. Its good hearing Chinese, my mother tongue, spoken here. b. 与不定式作主语区别：动名词表示一个抽象概念，不定式表示一个具体的动作 Reading English in the morning is of great use for students. To read this English book will take much time.2、表语： 充当名词，主语和动名词可以交换位置，句子的意思不变 What he likes most is playing football. = Playing football is what he likes most.3、宾语： a. 固定搭配，suggest, practise, mind, imagine, appreciate + doing sth I highly appreciate your helping the old lady. b. 与不定式作宾语区别：动名词表示习惯爱好，不定式表示一个具体动作 He likes smoking while I like drinking. I like smoking, but I dont like to smoke today, for Ive got a cold. 4、定语： a. 放于被修饰的名词前，表示该的名词的功能，并不表示动作 a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping b. 与现在分词作定语语区别：动名词充当名词，现在分词充当动词 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 5、复合结构： 复合结构ones doing充当名词 The little boys crying drew our attention. 6、不同搭配词语区别： 有些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟动名词作宾语，注意它们的不同意思doing sth & to do sth remember forget 记得做过某事，（动作已发生） 忘了做过某事（动作已发生） 记得去做某事（动作未发生） 忘了去做某事（动作未发生）mean try 意味着做某事 试着做某事 打算做某事 努力做某事stop go on 停止做某事 继续原来的事 停下来去做另一事 接着做另一件事cant help need/want/require 情不自禁地做某事 某事需要被做（= to be done） 无法帮助去做某事 需要做某事（主动） 【专项练习】1. At the shopping center, he didnt know what _ and _ with an empty bag.A. to buy ; leave B. to be bought ; left C. to buy ; left D. was to buy ; leave2. The long and tiring talk, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, _ no agreement at all.A. arriving B. arrived at C. reaching D. and getting to3. Do you know the difficulty he had _ five children at school?A. to keep B. to have kept C. keeping D. having kept4. Let me tell you something about my Chinese teacher. I remember _ about her yesterday.A. telling B. being told C. to tell D. having told5. Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyone B. wanted no one C. not wanting anyone D. to want no one6. The old lady needed _ as she was in her 80s.A. to look after B. looking after C. look after D. being looked after7. Why are you always making me drink milk? _ enough calcium for you to grow tall and strong.A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. To be getting8. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing9. He has few friends and never mind _ alone, playing by himself.A. leaving B. having C. to be left D. being left10. I explained the theory as clearly as possible, _ to make it easy _ .A. hope ; to understand B. hoped ; understoodC. hoping ; to understand D. to hope ; to be understood11. The students listened carefully, with their eyes _ the blackboard.A. fixing at B. fixed at C. fixing on D. fixed on12. _ to go with the others made him rather disappointed.A. His not allowed B. His not being allowed C. Not his allowing D. Having not been allowed13. I was very poor when young and had no toys _ .A. to play B. to play with C. with playing D. playing with14. He went to bed _ . The next morning he woke up only _ himself lying on the floor.A. drinking ; to find B. drunk ; to find C. being drunk ; finding D. to drink ; finding15. We can hardly imagine Peter _ such rude words to youA. say B. to say C. saying D. to have said16. Id like my child _ in a school of high quality.A. educating B. to educate C. to be educated D. being educated17. My son pretended _ when I came back.A. to sleep B. sleeping C. being sleeping D. to be sleeping18. Tom is thought _ the good deed to the blind man.A. of doing B. to do C. to have done D. of being done19. The stranger has spent a whole week _ in his room. No one knows what he is doing.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. being lockedKEY：CCCBC BBBDC DBBBC CDCC【巩固练习】1. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited2. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat3. The message is very important, so it is supposed as soon as possible. A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending4. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed6. - They are quiet, arent they? - Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals. A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak8. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown9. We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting10. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked11. The director had her assistant _ _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up12. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good_. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed13. He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have slopped D. having stopped14. Please remain_; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated15. We finished the run in less than half the time _. A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows16. _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search17. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down18. _the project as planned, well have t