unit1尤小倩高密四中.doc

高二英语学案（BOOK 7） 班级_ 姓名_ 学号_ 选修7 Unit 1 Living well Grammar命题人：尤小倩 审核人：戈鹏 时间：2013.1.17 面批_动词不定式基本概念动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。基本形式主动语态被动语态意义一般式to do to be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语后完成式to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行式to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行完成进行式to have been doing表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直到谓语动作发生时，仍在进行1、 不定式的用法1. 作主语。不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是对的。2. 用宾语。不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it用形式宾语。She wants to take part in the Sports Game next month.她想参加下个月举行的运动会。I find it interesting to study English.我发现学习英语很有趣。2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语。We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们一起。3. 动词不定式作表语。What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。4. 动词不定式作定语.There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。5. 动词不定式作状语。We hurried to the station, only to find the train gone.我们匆忙赶往车站，结果发现车走了。6. 动词不定式作插入语。有些不定式短语可作独立成分，通常置于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。常见的有：to be frank, to begin with, to be honest, to make matters worse, to tell the truth等。2、 动词不定式的时态、语态1. 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。She seems to know the secret.她似乎知道这个秘密。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。2. 不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词动作同时发生。He pretended to be studying hard when his mother came in.当他妈妈进来时，他假装正在努力学习。3. 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.真对不起，给你带来这么多麻烦。3、 动词不定式的省略1. 省略动词不定式符号“to”的场合（1） 感官动词see, watch,notice, feel, hear或者使役动词let, have, make后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号“to”.I saw him come in and sit down beside the window.我看见他走进来坐在窗户边。(2) 在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)， cant help but(忍不住)， cannot but(不得不，只好)等结构后省略不定式符号“to”You had better have another talk with your cousin.你最好和你表弟再谈一次。She said she would rather give up the job.她说她倒宁愿放弃这份工作。Hearing the story, we couldnt help but laugh.听了这个故事，我们禁不住大笑起来。They cannot but obey the rules.他们只好服从规定。2. 不定式to 的保留 有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, mean, wish, prefer, forget, want, try或出现在be glad/happy, would like/love等的后面。 如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been,这些词要保留。-I didnt tell him the news.我没告诉他那个消息。-Oh, you ought to have.噢，你本应该告诉他的。4、 “疑问词+动词不定式”结构疑问词“what, how, when, where, which+动词不定式”结构可作主再说吧、表语和宾语等。I dont know where to buy books of this kind.我不知道到哪里去买这种书。How to solve the problem is very important.怎样解决这个问题是非常重要的。一、 专项练习：1. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry; cry B. crying；crying C. cry; to cry D. to cry；cry 4. He doesnt know_ to stay or not. A. if he will B. if C. either D. whether 5. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 6. John, you must get your room _ after breakfast. A. to be cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 7. She did nothing _ at the photo. A. except look B. but to look C. except to look D. but looking 8. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride； ride B. riding； ride C. ride； to ride D. to ride； riding 9. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 10. I feel it an honor _ to speak here.A.to ask B.to be asked C. having asked D. asked11.- Will you have anybody _ the flowers? -Yes, Ill have the flowers _.A. plant, planted B. to plant, planted C. plant; to be planted D. to plant , plant12. They are looking forward with hope_ from you soon.A.of hearing B.to hearing C. hearing D. to hear13. Thank you for all the trouble youve taken _ me.A. to help B. wi