介词to的常见用法.doc

一、 介词to的常见用法1.动词+toa）动词+ toadjust to适应， attend to处理；照料， agree to赞同， amount to加起来达，belong to属于， come to达到， drink to为干杯，get to到达， happen to发生在某人身上， hold to紧握， lead to通向， listen to听， occur to想起， object to反对， point to指向， respond to回答， refer to参考；指的是；涉及， reply to回答， see to负责， stick to坚持， turn to求助， write to给某人写信。b）动词（+sth.）+to+sb.announce to通知某人， describe to向某人描述， explain to向某人解释， express to对某人表达， mention to提及， nod to向某人点头， report to报告， say to告知， shout to对某人大叫， suggest to对某人提建议，speak to与某人交谈， talk to跟某人谈话， whisper to和某人低声耳语。来源：考试大 c）动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.add to增加， compare to比作， carry to运送至， devote to致力于，introduce to介绍给， invite to邀请参加， join to连接到， leave to委托给，reduce to下降至， sentence to判处， take to带到。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ tobe alive to觉察；晓得， be attentive to注意；留心， be awake to知晓， be blind to缺乏眼光， be close to紧挨着， be common to对某人来说很普通， be contrary to违反；反对， be devoted to致力， be deaf to不愿意听， equal to有的力量， be exposed to暴露；遭受， be fair to对公平， be familiar to对某人来说熟悉， be grateful to对某人心存感激， be good to对有好处， be harmful to对有危害， be important to对重要， be kind to友好对待， be known to周知于， be married to嫁给， be moved to转移到， be near to靠近， be necessary to对有必要， be opposite to在对面， be opposed to反对， be pleasant to合某人之意， be proper to专属， be polite to礼貌待人， be rude to粗暴对待， be relative to与有关， be strange to不习惯， be similar to类似， be suitable to适合， be true to忠实， be thankful to感激， be useful to对有用， be used to习惯。3.to+名词构成的词组to a degree在某种程度上， to date到现在为止，to ones feet跳起来，to ones mind照看来， to ones surprise使吃惊，to ones taste符合胃口， to oneself独自享用， to order定做，to the letter不折不扣地， to the point中肯地二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多，要细心区分。1.动词+ atarrive at抵达，call at访问某地， catch at（it）当场抓住， come at攻击， fire at向开火，glance at瞟一眼， glare at怒目而视， grieve at忧伤，knock at敲，laugh at嘲笑， look at看一眼， pull at拉扯， rejoice at对高兴，smile at向某人微笑， shoot at朝射击， stare at怒目而视，thrust at刺向， tear at撕， tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。2. be +形容词/过去分词+ atbe angry at恼怒于， be alarmed at对保持警觉，be astonished at对吃惊， be bad at不擅长， be clever at对某事很灵巧，be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶， be disappointed at对失望，be good at擅长， be impatient at对不够耐心， be mad at狂热于，be pleased at对感到高兴， be present at出席， be satisfied at满意，be surprised at吃惊， be shocked at对非常震惊，be terrified at受到的恐吓，be quick at对很机敏。3.at+名词构成的词组at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at present目前。三、介词on的常见用法on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法：1.动词+ona）动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组act on对有作用， bring on促使；导致， call on拜访某人，count on依赖， carry on执行，depend on取决， feed on以为生，figure on料想；推断， go on继续，have on穿着， insist on坚持，keep on继续， lean on依赖， live on以为生， pull on迅速穿上，put on穿上， switch on接通（电源）， take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）， work on操作， wait on侍候。b）动词+sb.（sth.）+ on +sb.（sth.）base on以为基础， congratulate on恭贺， fix on固定， have mercy on怜悯，have pity on怜惜， keep watch on监视， spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。2.be+形容词+on的词组be dependent on依赖， be hard on对某人苛刻，be impressed on对印象深刻， be keen on渴望， be strict on对严格。3.on+名词构成的词组on board乘（车，飞机），on call听候召唤， on duty值班， on earth到底， on fire着火， on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假四、介词in的常见用法1.动词+ina）动词+ inbelieve in信任， break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来， call in下令收回， fill in填充，get in收获， hand in上缴， involve in涉及， lie in在于， result in导致， share in共享，succeed in成功， take in卷起；订阅， turn in归还当局。b）动词+sb./time/money+ inhelp sb. in帮助某人做某事， spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事，spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事，waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。2. be +形容词+ inbe active in活跃于，be absorbed in专心致志， be busy in忙碌， be born in出生于，be concerned in牵涉， be clothed in穿着， be disappointed in对失望，be diligent in勤于， be experienced in在有经验， be employed in任职于，be engaged in忙碌， be expert in某方面的专家， be excellent in在优秀，be interested in对有兴趣， be lacking in缺乏， be rich in富有，be slow in迟缓， be successful in在某方面成功， be skilled in精于，be strict in严于， be weak in弱于。3. in +名词in advance提前，in all总共，in balance总而言之，in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case万一， in charge主管，in danger有危险， in debt负债， in despair失望，in force大量地；有效，in full全部地， in flower开花，in general一般说来，in itself本身， in love恋爱， in order井然有序， in person亲自，in public公开地， in progress有进展， in practice从实践上看， in rags穿着破衣，in research探索， in return作为报答，in ruins一片废墟，in short总之，in theory从理论上看， in trouble有麻烦， in tears眼泪汪汪，in time及时， in turn按顺序， in vain白白地，in view看得见。五、介词from的常见用法from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。1.动词+froma）动词+ fromcome from来自，date from追溯， depart from违背， die from死于， escape from逃出，fall from自跌落， hang from垂挂， hear from收到来信，learn from向某人学习， return from自某地返回，rise from自冒出， result from起因于， suffer from忍受。b）动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a placeborrow from向借， choose from选自， excuse from免除， keep from阻止做，prevent from不准做， protect from不受之害， receive from收到，remove from移动；除去， save from保全；拯救， separate from分离开来，stop from阻止。2. be +形容词+ frombe absent from缺席，be different from与众不同， be far from更不用说， be hidden from躲避，be made from用制成， be tired from因而疲倦。3.fromtofrom bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。Oscar WildePhotograph taken in 1882 by Napoleon SaronyBorn16 October 1854(1854-10-16)Dublin, IrelandDied30 November 1900(1900-11-30) (aged46)Paris, FranceOccupationWriterLanguageEnglish, FrenchNationalityIrishAlma materTrinity College, DublinPeriodVictorian eraGenresDrama, short story, dialogue, journalismLiterary movementAestheticismNotable work(s)The Importance of Being Earnest, The Picture of Dorian GraySpouse(s)Constance Lloyd (1884-1898)ChildrenCyril Holland, Vyvyan HollandRelative(s)Sir William Wilde, Lady Jane Francesca WildeSignatureOscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of Londons most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the circumstances of his imprisonment, followed by his early death.Wildes parents were successful Dublin intellectuals, and their son showed his intelligence early by becoming fluent in French and German. At university Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism (led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin), though he also profoundly explored Roman Catholicism, to which he would later convert on his deathbed. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States of America and Canada on the new English Renaissance in Art, and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation, Wilde had become one of the most well-known personalities of his day.At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. He wrote Salome (1891) in French in Paris but it was refused a licence. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London.At the height of his fame and success, whilst his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), was still on stage in London, Wilde sued his lovers father for libel. After a series of trials, Wilde was convicted of gross indecency with other men and imprisoned for two years, held to hard labour. In prison he wrote De Profundis, a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of forty-six.Contentshide 1 Early life 2 University education: 1870s o 2.1 Trinity College, Dublin o 2.2 Magdalen College, Oxford 3 Apprenticeship of an aesthete: 1880s o 3.1 Debut in society o 3.2 America: 1882 o 3.3 London life and marriage 4 Prose writing: 1886-91 o 4.1 Journalism and editorship: 188689 o 4.2 Shorter fiction o 4.3 Essays and dialogues o 4.4 The Picture of Dorian Gray 5 Theatrical career: 189295 o 5.1 Salome o 5.2 Comedies of society o 5.3 Queensberry family o 5.4 The Importance of Being Earnest 6 Trials o 6.1 Wilde vs Queensberry o 6.2 The Crown vs Wilde 7 Imprisonment 8 Decline: 18971900 o 8.1 Exile o 8.2 Death 9 Selected works 10 Biographies 11 Notes 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 Further reading 15 External links edit Early lifeStatue of Oscar Wilde by Danny Osborne in Dublins Merrion SquareOscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin (now home of the Oscar Wilde Centre, Trinity College, Dublin) the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Francesca Wilde, two years behind William (Willie). Jane Wilde, under the pseudonym Speranza (the Italian word for Hope), wrote poetry for the revolutionary Young Irelanders in 1848 and was a life-long Irish nationalist.2 She read the Young Irelanders poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons.3 Lady Wildes interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece and Rome in her home.3 William Wilde was Irelands leading oto-ophthalmologic (ear and eye) surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland.4 He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore. A renowned philanthropist, his dispensary for the care of the citys poor at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road.4In addition to his children with his wife, Sir William Wilde was the father of three children born out of wedlock before his marriage: Henry Wilson, born in 1838, and Emily and Mary Wilde, born in 1847 and 1849, respectively, of different parentage to Henry. Sir William acknowledged paternity of his illegitimate children and provided for their education, but they were reared by his relatives rather than with his wife and legitimate children.5In 1855, the family moved to No. 1 Merrion Square, where Wildes sister, Isola, was born the following year. The Wildes new home was larger and, with both his parents sociality and success soon became a unique medical and cultural milieu; guests at their salon included Sheridan le Fanu, Charles Lever, George Petrie, Isaac Butt, William Rowan Hamilton and Samuel Ferguson.3Until he was nine, Oscar Wilde was educated at home, where a French bonne and a German governess taught him their languages. He then attended Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh.6 Until his early twenties, Wilde summered at the villa his father built in Moytura, County Mayo.7 There the young Wilde and his brother Willie played with George Moore.Isola died aged eight of meningitis. Wildes poem Requiescat is dedicated to her memory:8Tread lightly, she is nearUnder the snowSpeak gently, she can hearthe daisies growedit University education: 1870sedit Trinity College, DublinWilde left Portora with a royal scholarship to read classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874,9 sharing rooms with his older brother Willie Wilde. Trinity, one of the leading classical schools, set him with scholars such as R.Y. Tyrell, Arthur Palmer, Edward Dowden and his tutor, J.P. Mahaffy who inspired his interest in Greek literature. As a student Wilde worked with Mahaffy on the latters book Social Life in Greece.10 Wilde, despite later reservations, called Mahaffy my first and best teacher and the scholar who showed me how to love Greek things.11 For his part Mahaffy boasted of having created Wilde; later, he would name him the only blot on my tutorship.12The University Philosophical Society also provided an education, discussing intellectual and artistic subjects such as Rosetti and Swinburne weekly. Wilde quickly became an established member the members suggestion book for 1874 contains two pages of banter (sportingly) mocking Wildes emergent aestheticism. He presented a paper entitled Aesthetic Morality.13 At Trinity, Wilde established himself as an outstanding student: he came first in his class in his first year, won a scholarship by competitive examination in his second, and then, in his finals, won the Berkeley Gold Medal, the Universitys highest academic award in Greek.14 He was encouraged to compete for a demyship to Magdalen College, Oxford which he won easily, having already studied Greek for over nine years.edit Magdalen College, OxfordOscar Wilde at OxfordAt Magdalen he read Greats from 1874 to 1878, and from there he applied to join the Oxford Union, but failed to be elected.15Attracted by its dress, secrecy, and ritual, Wilde petitioned the Apollo Masonic Lodge at Oxford, and was soon raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason.16 During a resurgent interest in Freemasonry in his third year, he commented he would be awfully sorry to give it up if I secede from the Protestant Heresy.17 He was deeply considering converting to Catholicism, discussing the possibility with clergy several times. In 1877, Wilde was left speechless after an audience with Pope Pius IX in Rome.18 He eagerly read Cardinal Newmans books, and became more serious in 1878, when he met the Reverend Sebastian Bowden, a priest in the Brompton Oratory who had received some high profile converts. Neither his father, who threatened to cut off his funds, nor Mahaffy thought much of the plan; but mostly Wilde, the supreme individualist, balked at the last minute from pledging himself to any formal creed. On the appointed day of his baptism, Father Bowden received a bunch of altar lilies instead. Wilde retained a lifelong interest in Catholic theology and liturgy.19While at Magdalen College, Wilde became particularly well known for his role in the aesthetic and decadent movements. He wore his hair long, openly scorned manly sports though he occasionally boxed,16 and decorated his rooms with peacock feathers, lilies, sunflowers, blue china and other objets dart, once remarking to friends whom he entertained lavishly, I find it harder and harder every day to live up to my blue china.20 The line quickly became famous, accepted as a slogan by aesthetes but used against them by critics who sensed in it a terrible vacuousness.20 Some elements disdained the aesthetes, but their languishing attitudes and showy costumes became a recognised pose.21 Wilde was once physically attacked by a group of four fellow students, and dealt with them single-handedly, surprising critics.22 By his third year Wilde had truly begun to create himself and his myth, and saw his learning developing in much larger ways than merely the prescribed texts. This attitude resulted in him being rusticated for one term, when he nonchalantly returned to college late from a trip to Greece with Prof. Mahaffy.23Wilde did not meet Professor Walter Pater until his third year, but had been enthralled by his Studies in the History of the Renaissance, published during Wildes final year in Trinity.24 Pater argued that mans sensibility to beauty should be refined above all else, and that each moment should be felt to its fullest extent. Years later in De Profundis, Wilde called Paters Studies. that book that has had such a strange influence over my life.25 He learned tracts of the book by heart, and carried it with him on travels in later years. Pater gave Wilde his sense of almost flippant devotion to art, though it was Professor John Ruskin who gave him a purpose for it.26 Ruskin despaired at the self-validating aestheticism of Pater; for him the importance of art lay in its potential for the betterment of society. He too admired beauty, but it must be allied with and applied to moral good. When Wilde eagerly attended his lecture series The Aesthetic and Mathematic Schools of Art in Florence, he learned about aesthetics as simply the non-mathematical elements of painting. Despite being given to neither early rising nor manual labour, Wilde volunteered for Ruskins project to convert a swampy country lane into a smart road neatly edged with flowers.26Wilde won the 1878 Newdigate Prize for his poem Ravenna, which reflected on his visit there the year before, and he duly read it at Encaenia.27 In November 1878, he graduated with a rare double first in his B.A. of Classical Moderations and Literae Humaniores (Greats). Wilde wrote a friend, The dons are astonied beyond words the Bad Boy doing so well in the end!28edit Apprenticeship of an aesthete: 1880s1881 caricature in Punch, the caption reads: O.W., Oh, I eel just as happy as a bright sunflower, Lays of Christy Minstrelsy, Aesthete of Aesthetes!/Whats in a name!/The Poet is Wilde/But his poetrys tame.edit Debut in societyAfter graduation from Oxford, Wilde returne