八年级英语上unit1.doc

戴氏VIP一对一 李俊佳讲义 2008年9月20日 第一讲初二Go for it讲义 第一讲主要内容:1. 特殊疑问句问频率：How often.? What dose she do on weekend? 2. 一般现在时态知识要点1. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问句的形式疑问代词/副词 + 动词 be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词。疑问代词/副词包括 what, who, which, whom, whose, when, how, why, where 等。回答时不用yes 或no,而要根据实际情况回答。How often do you watch TV ? -I watch TV twice a week.How often dose she/he watch TV ? -She/He watches TV twice a week.2.一般现在时态一般现在时的用法: 1.表示经常或者反复发生的动作。 如: 我每天吃午饭。I have lunch every day.2.还表示现在存在的一种状态.。 如: 我姐姐是一位老师。My sister is a teacher.一般现在时态经常与 often（经常）sometimes（有时）always（总是）usually（通常）等副词连用，也经常与 every day（每天）, every week（每周）, every month（每月）, every term（每学期）, every year（每年）, once a week （一周一次），twice a year（一年两次）等时间状语连用。一般现在时态分为 be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。1） be 动词包括 am，is，are，中文为“是”，这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。“am” 用于第一人称单数（I）;“is”用于第三人称单数（he，she，it）;“are”用于第一人称复数（we），第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数（ they）。 可以记住以下顺口溜： am 是专门来管“我”，is 只管“他，她，它”，are 就管“你”和“大家”。2）一般疑问句和否定句 I am a teacher. (我是一位老师) You are his friend.（你是他的朋友） She is a nurse.（她是一名护士） 以上三个句子都是肯定句。此类句子变成疑问句和否定句时，有些地方的语序和汉语不同，需特别注意。变为疑问句时，把动词 be“am，is，are”放在句首，回答时也要使用 be 动词；变为否定句时，把表示否定的not 放在“am is are”的后面，其中可以简写为： is not - isnt are not - arentam not 没有简写形式。如： Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.) Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.) Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.) 注意：如果 are not, is not 放在句尾时，不能使用简写，必须写出整个单词。否定句为：I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.3）如果句子的动词不是 be 动词“am is are”而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词“do”或者“does”， 也就是说 be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。 这里的“do”“does”本身没有什么意义，只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句。一般疑问句读时必须用降调。“do”和“does”的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。请看下面两组句子，注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。 I go to school every day. -I dont go to school every day.He goes to school every day. -He doesnt go to school every day.Do you go to school every day? -Yes, I do. (No, I dont)Does he go to school every day?- Yes, he does. (No, he doesnt)这两组句子中，由于人称的不同，句子的结构也不同，具体如下：当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语 + 动词的 s 形式 + 宾语否定句为：主语 + 助动词 doesnt + 动词原形 + 宾语疑问句为：Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词 does.注：第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的 s 形式了，而用动词原形。动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形 + 宾语否定句为：主语 + 助动词 dont + 动词原形 + 宾语疑问句为：Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词 do。注：变为疑问句，要在句首加“do”; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加“do not”, 可以简写为“dont”.一般现在时专项练习一、 单选 1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital. A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny_ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B 二、填空 1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit. 2 _your sister_(know)English? 3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school. 4The pot_(not look) like yours very much. 5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day? 6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming? 7 _she_(do) the housework every day? 8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon . 答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play 二、单三人称形式易出错 例：1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案：1 plays 2 goes 解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es. 三、在句式变换时易出错 例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China. 答案：1 Does have 2 doesnt live 解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday. 四、对do的理解易出错 例：We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案：dont do 解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。 五、对主语的数判断有误 例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is 解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is. 另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。一般现在时练习题 1. We often_(play) in the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) he usually (do) after school?5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?改句子1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books. （改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）9. My dog runs fast. 否定句：一般疑问句：10. Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句：否定句：11. I usually play football on Fri