初中英语语法复习.doc

炜昊教育 2014-7-18初中英语语法复习名词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词 A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有： water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; 1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单. 2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语eg. There is _ bread on the table. A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_ on the plate. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数 A、不规则变化： man womanwomen ;child FrenchmanFrenchmen foot ; tooth mouse(鼠)B、规则变化 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 浊就浊z eg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 man doctor “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father Lucys and Lilys fathers 2)以s结尾的词只加“ ” eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导 eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练 习一、写出下列词的复数 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _ 4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_ 10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _? -No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. Any C. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _. A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan C. Mr. James D. James Green( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office. A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright. A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holiday C. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do. A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _. A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _? A. todays B. today paper C. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room? A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxes( )16.Many _ have been built in our city since 1987. A. factorys B. Factories C. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table . A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss ( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday afternoon. A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes ( )21.The three _ will be put into prison. A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs初中英语复习专辑（2）冠词不定冠词a, an a用在辅音音素开头的词前 an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an apple an hour an “F” 2、定冠词the 1)特指某人/某物 The book on the desk is mine.2)世上独一无二的事物前 the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky3)形、副最高级及序数词前 The third boy is the tallest of all.(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the) He is my first English teacher.4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫妇”。 the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况： 1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词 2)学科名词前3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. 表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the） 1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast. 2) play the violin / piano 练 习( )1.There is _ “s” in _ word “bus”. A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a( )2.Maths is _ useful subject. You cant drop it , I think. A. an B. a C. the D. /( )3._ bad weather it is! A. How B. What a C. How a D. What( )4.What color is _ orange? -Its _ orange. A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an( )7.One morning he found _ handbag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ handbag.A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a( )8.What _ interesting story it is! A. a B. an C. the D. /( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class. A. a B. an C. / D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him. A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the ( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes. A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13.Dont read _. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000. A. / B. an C. the D. a ( )16.Whats _ for “椅.子”? A. English B. an English C. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls. A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18._ young must look after _ old. A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of _ planets. A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _. A. the capital of Japan B. capital of Japan C. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper.A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ red one ? I saw it.A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a ( )9.Meimei is _ best student in her class. A. a B. an C. / D. the( )10.Tom is _ kind boy. All _ students love him. A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the ( )11.Is _ book on the desk mine? Yes. A. the B. a C. an D. /( )12.Even while he was in _ hospital, he went on writing songs. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )13.Dont read _. A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed( )14.Smith is _ honest man. A. a B. the C. an D. /( )15.China has _ population of 1,200,000,000. A. / B. an C. the D. a ( )16.Whats _ for “椅.子”? A. English B. an English C. the English D. any English( )17.Mary is _ cleverer of the two girls. A. the B. a C. an D. much( )18._ young must look after _ old. A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the( )19. _ earth is one of _ planets. A. The ; suns B. The ; the sun C. The ; the suns D. The ; the suns( )20.Tokyo is _. A. the capital of Japan B. capital of Japan C. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan( )21.Kate sometimes plays _ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays _ table tennis before supper. A. / ; the B. the ; / C. the ; the D. / ; /( )22. Have you seen _ pencil? I left it here this morning. -Is it _ red one ? I saw it. A. a ; the B. the ; the C. the ; a D. a ; a 初中英语专辑（3）代词指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。 that apple ( ) that meat ( )The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as _ in Guangzhou. (二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格） eg. 1)I thank you 2)You thank me.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; ourours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名 eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. 3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地5.help oneself to 请自便；随便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己 7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下 8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于（三）不定代词 1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头） 2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多 much + 不可数 （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little , a little.The story is easy to read. There are _new words in it. .Hurry up! There is_ time left. 4) everyone / anyone 不加of no one 不加 ofnone of( )_ of us wants to read the book. A. Everyone B. Every one C. Nobody D. No one5） other ,another , others表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许)单数复数泛指another三者以上的另一个定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物).We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. 另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互 each other (两者的)相互We should learn from each other(说明we指两个人) They help one another (说明they指三个人以上) 6) 二者与三者复数单数单数二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)注意：.both 否定 neither all 否定 none.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰的词也为复数；neither , none作主语为单数，但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名( )1._ of my parents is a teacher. A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All( )2.There are many trees on _ side of the river. A. both B. any C. either D. all every one / any one of7) each: (二者以上的)每个作主、宾、定） every: (三者以上的)每个只作定语）._ student in the class likes English. ._ of the students studied hard. 练 习 ( )6._ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in it.A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every( )7. “When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?” “I dont mind. _ time is OK.A. Either B. Every C. Neither( )8.Would you like _ cup of tea? A. other B. the other C. another( )9.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot _.A. other everything B. anything else C. everything else.( )10._ of his parents is a teacher. A. Both B. Neither C. None( )11.The river is very dirty. _ people go to swim in it. A. Few B. A few C. Little( )12.A friend of _ came to see _ yesterday. A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; him( )13.You cant leave your baby by _ at home. A. herself B. himself C. itself( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. _ two are black. A. another B. the other C. the others( )16.Jack has _ friends here. So he often feels lonely. A. a little B. a few C. few( )17.Who teaches _ French? A. we B. our C. us D. our( )20.Hello, Bill! Help _ to a cake . Thanks . A. your B. yourself C. yourselves( )21._office is much smaller than _. A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yoursC. Theirs ; our( )23. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers and _ are women teachers. A. others B. the others C. another( )24.There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me ? A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any( )25.There are many trees on _ sides of the street. A. both B. all C. each四、数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法) 365three hundred and sixty-five 505five hundred and five2.基数词变序数词的方法： 基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。 一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。 八去t ，九去e ；ve则以f替。 ty 则变作 ti ; 后面还有一个e。 要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。 E.g. _3.数词的应用： A、时刻表达法： 整点：基数词 + oclock eg. Its eight oclock now.几点几分： 1直接表达法：先小时后分 eg. 3:25 three twenty-five 2.间接表达法：先分后小时1)(30分钟)用to：(60-分钟数) to (小时数+1) eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four3) 30分钟 = half 15分钟 = a quarter eg. 3:30 3:15 3:45 B、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1日 : October1st , nineteen forty-nine =the first of October, nineteen forty-nine2000年: the year two thousand =twenty hundred 2001年: twenty o one3月1日: March the first = the first of MarchC、表编号： 第207房间：Room 207 第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth lessonD、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；再一” eg. E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数） 注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s 2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)One third of the students _ girls. 2)One third of the milk_ mine.3.分数的特殊形式1)one third = _ 2)one fourth = _r three fourths = _ 3)one second = _-F、一些数词的复数 + of表约数： e.g._ 练 习( )1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousands of B. thousand of C. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _ day of the week. A. first B. the first C. the second D. second( )3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the _ floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenth C. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth( )7.I was born _, 1982. A. on June 2rd B. in June 2nd C. on June two D. on June 2( )8.Its _ from our home to the zoo.A. two and a half hours walk B. a half and two hours walkC. two hours and a half hours walk D. two and a half hours walk( )9.What time is it now? Its _ to six. A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto( )10.Will you be back in _ ?A. one or two minutes B. one minute or two C. two minutes or one D. two or one minute( )11.Marys uncle went to France _. A. in his thirties B. on his thirties C. at his thirties D. about his thirties( )12.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-words C. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word( )13._of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A. Two-third B. Second-third C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds( )14.We have learned about _ these days.A. several hundreds English words B. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English words D. several hundred English word( )15.A UN report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of _ century.A. twentieth B. Twenty C. the twentieth D. the twentyth五、介词1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在” 1)at + 具体时刻 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时） 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning 3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 20026._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring 8._ night 9._ this time 10. _ March另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening. _2. in , on , at 表地点：at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面” 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系 cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across4. across: （表面）跨过through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词 eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river? 2)The road runs _ the forest. 3) _ the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用after + 时间段：与过去时连用但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes. 2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物) on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等) in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7. on the wall(墙表面的事物) 1) There is a map _ the wall 2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词) 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。 13.with和in: 表示“用“ with: 指“用工具、手、口等” in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等” 1) Please write the letter _ a pen. 2) Please speak _ a loud voice. 六、连词: 从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词： 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor等。 2. 表选择关系的or, eitheror等。3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列or: “和”在否定句中表并列另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则”eg. .Which do you like better, tea _ milk? .Hurry up, _ youll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not but 不是而是eg. This book isnt mine but yours.both and : 既又（连接主语为复数）neithernor: 既不也不 连接两主 7. eitheror: 或者或者 语后者决 not only but also:不但而且 定单、复eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student.练 习( )1.