选修八学案一点通.docVIP

选修八 Unit l A land of diversity Section One:重点词汇再现 1means n._ 2大多数；大半 n_ 3尽管；不管prep._ 4苦难；困苦n_ 5选举；选择v_ 6rail n_ 7percentage n._ 8（商业，贸易等）繁荣，发展，兴起月& vi_ 9申请人n_ 10. 海关；关税n._ 11发生；出现vi._ 12. indicate vt._ 13. 行李 n_ （英）_（美） 14. shave v.（过_，过分_） 15. apparently adv._ 16. brake n&v._ 17. conductor n_ 18滑动跤n& vi_ 19租用；雇用n& vt _ 20angle n_ 2l. 无处；到处都无adv_ 22悲惨的；痛苦的_ 23. 处罚，惩罚n_ 24mourn v._ 25正义；公平n_ 26. 权威；(pl)当局；官方_ 27改革造良n& v_ 28抓住；掌握 n& vt_ 29. thoughtful adj._Section Two:萱点词汇拓展1mean adj& vt.【观察思考】(l) Hes so_ that he doesnt even get his son a birthday present.(词性adj汉义:吝啬的；小气的反义词_ )(2) I _（想走），and nothing is going to stop me.(3) I_ _ to tell you yesterday,but you werent in your office.（本打算） I meant to_you yesterday,hut you werent in your office.(4) The flowers were_you, not her.（原打算给）(5) Festivals_ _ _（被用来）celebrate important events of year.(课文Pl)(6)Accepting the job means_(live) abroad.(7)_do you mean_saying so? 你这么说什么意思？(8)We Chinese always mean_ _ _. （说话算数）(9)Your friendship means a great deal to me.(汉） 你的友谊_ 【归纳总结】 (l) mean to do sth打算做某事 (2) had meant to do/meant to have done本来打算做某事 （但没有做） (3) be meant to do /for 打算让某人成为做；拟将用于某种意图 （与be intended to do/for. 同义） (4) mean doing sth.意昧着 (5)What do/did you mean by.？你说的是什么意思？ (6) I mean it (what I said)说话当真 (7)mean a lot/a great deal to sb对某人很有价值重要 【再练练】(1) (2012 .安徽) You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life. A. of B. on C. to D. for(2)The change in the timetable will many students having to catch an earlier bus. A. result B. lead C. mean D. cause2means n 【观察思考】(1) Every possible means_ _ _ ,but none worked. = All possible means _ _ _ ,but none worked. 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。(2)As is known to us,the telephone is a useful means of communication. 众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。(3)_ _ _ _I satisfied with my present job. 我对目前的工作一点也不满意。(4)We express our feelings _ _ _ words. 我们用语言来表达感情。【归纳总结】【注】means,way,method,approach参Unit 4 Bby this means用这种方法by means of通过，用，借助于by no means决不，一点也不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）by all means务必、不惜一切地；(用于交际英语表示同意）当然可以，没问题【注意】means是单复数同形的词。a mcans，such ameans，this means，that means，every means做主语时，谓语动词用单数；all means，such means，these means和those means作主语时，谓语动词用复数。（即：意义原则）【再练练】(l) In many places in China,the bicycle is still a popular(2) (2012 .全国)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what(3)(2011 .浙江)Can I come and have a look at your new house?Yes, _!A. with pleasure B. I like it C. I quite agree D. by all means(4)Every means _been tried,and everything_well now. A. have; go B. has ; go C. has;goes D. have;goes(5)(2010 江苏)Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? _. Ours is much stronger than theirs. A. Of course B. It depends C. Dont mention it D. By no means3，majority n 【观察思考】(l)The majority_ (be)in favor of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。(2)The majority of the damage_(be) easy to repair.(3) The majority of doctors_(believe) smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。=_ doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.=_ of the doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.(4) Among the members of the committee,those who are in favour of the plan are_ . 委员中赞成这项计划的古大多数。(5)1n the nursing profession, men are _ _ _ 男性在护理行业中占少数。(6)The scientists invited to the meeting are_/_young people from America. 被邀来参加会议的科学家大都是来自美国的年轻人。【归纳总结】( 1) majoritymajority单独作主语，谓动词单、复数均可The majority of+名词; 谓语由名词决定（意义原则） adj. major，较多的；主要的in the majority/minority占大多数少数(2) most表示“大部分；大多数”时，可作形容词或代词，most之前不用the。(3) mostly“大都”，“大部分”，“主要地”，“通常地”(同义词：mainly)【再练练】(1)(2011 . 湖南（One third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are;are D. are ;is(2) (2012 .陕西) An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee it. A. against B. for C. to D. with(3) _ of people _ to prefer _ games to playing games. A. The majority; seem;watching B. The majority;seem; to watch C. Majority; seem; watching D. Majority;seems;to watch( 4) When the head teacher announced his plan for a spring outing, the _ of the students in the class _ for it. A. majority; were B. most,did C. most,were D. majority; was(5)The houses in this village are _ built of stone and brick. A. most B. majority C. mostly D. almost ( 6)Don t worry about the present situation in the world. _ of people prefer peace to war.A. The most B. The great part C. The majority D. The number4. occur vi 【观察思考】 (1)I _along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . A. went ; was occurring B. went ; occurred C. was going ; occurred D. was going; had occurred(2) (2010福建) Drunk driving, which was once a frequent _ (事件) ,is now under control.(3)(2010 .陕西)It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if(4)It suddenly_ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A. happened B. occurred C. thought D. took place(5)(2010.昆明质检) The drunk driver is _ for the traffic jam _ yesterday. A. to blame,occurred B. to blame,occurring C. to be blamed,occurred D. to be blamed occurring(6)It never _ me that he had been put into prison. A. hit B. beat C. knocked D. occurred( 7) Suddenly a good idea _ /_ /_ _ (3种)(8) (2012 .汪西)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that【归纳总结】(1)发生；出现 It occurs to sbto do sth(2)某人突然想起某事 Sth occurred to sb It occurred to sb that.（考查最多）类似用法的还有hit与strike(3)noccurrence事件；出现【注】与happen；take place区别参Unit l B5. hack to back背靠背 face to face面对面 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩 side by side肩并肩 hand in hand手牵手 arm in arm胳膊挎胳膊 word for word字对字6slip与slide 【观察思考】(l)The David_(滑倒)and hurt his legs and arms.(2) She _（溜进）the room when no one was looking.(3) The children like _ _（顺着滑下）the stairs。(4)Be careful! The floor is very_（滑的）【归纳总结】(1) slip vi.( slipped;slipped)：滑倒落adj slippery(2)slide v(slid;slid)：（使）滑行；（使）滑动(3)二者均可引申为“（悄悄地）溜走”7hire vt n. 【观察思考】(1) How much is the _（租金）of the house?(2)During the holidays we_（租用）a boat and went fishing. He was_as a research assistant. 他被聘为研究助理。 Ahired Bemployed【归纳总结】employ与hire都有“雇用”的意思，区别在于：(1) employ指雇用人，带有长期性(2) hire可指雇人，也可指租用车、船等，多指随时雇用(3) renthire n租金8. somewhere, anywhere与nowhere 【观察思考】(l)Im going_else this evening. 今晚我去另一个地方。(2)Did you go_ yesterday? 侏昨天没去过什么地方？(3) Well go _ you like. 你想去哪里我们就去哪里。(4)I could find her _. 我到处都没能找到她。 I couldnt find her_.She must be hidden_.(5) Nowhere else_ _find such a beautiful scenery. 到处都找不到这样美丽的景色。(6)All my hard work got me nowhere. (译: )(7)In the park,waste can be seen_ . (到处 :处处)【归纳总结】四者均可作副词somewhere：“某个地方”，多用肯定句；若表“建议；邀请” 等可用于疑问句。anywhere:某个地方（多用于否定疑问句）任何地方nowhere:无处，到处都无（位句首一部分倒装）everywhere处处；到处= here and there【再练练】(1)(2010 .4宁)We only had $ 100 and that was _to buy a new computer. A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough(2)Nowhere else in the world _ a better place than this,I think. A. one can find B. one cant find C. can one find D. one has found(3) We discussed the issue all morning but got _(毫无进展）9. grasp vt. &n.(l)He grasped my hand and shook it warmly. (vt.：汉 )(2) The speech was in French, but I managed to grasp the main idea.（vt. 汉：_ ）(3)Take a firm grasp on the handle and pull. (n.汉： )(4)She has a good grasp of the subject. 她对该学科有深刻的_。(n.)10live on 【观察思考】(l)The doctor don-t think he will_ _the night. 医生认为他活不过今晚了。(2) 她过着安静的乡村生活。 _(3) She_for 20 years after her husbands death. 丈夫去世后，她又活了20年。(4)She _ fruit and vegetables. 她靠吃水果和蔬菜为生。(5) He failed to_his parents expectations of him. 他辜负了父母对他的期望。(6)1tll be the biggest_concert the world has ever seen 这将是全世界有史以来最大的一场现场直播的音乐会。【归纳总结】live on 靠生活；以为主食 继续存活live through度过，经受住live up to达到、符合、不辜负他人的期望等live by doing sth靠做某事赚钱为生live/lead alife过着的生活v live laiv adj. 活的 dead eg：a live fish 一条活鱼 现场直播的(2010 .湖北) Had she _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up to B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up withSection Three:重点短语集锦1本打算做（而未做）_2. mean a lot/a great deal to sb._3意味着_4通过，借助于_5by no means_6务必；当然可以_7大多数_8in the majority_9某人突然想起某事_10齐头并进_11悄悄地溜出房间_12.达到，实践，不辜负_13维持，保持（风俗、_)14team up with_15. take in_ _Unit 2 Cloning Section One:重点词汇再现1不同、相异vz._2commercial ad_3. straightforward ad._4complicated ad_5着手；从事；承担vt._6突破n_7procedure n._8扔；投；掷vt._9总共；完全地adv_10. the media _ 11.获得vt,_12道德（上）的；伦理的_13. accumulate vt. _14.京剧 _15面粉n_16退休；离开 vi_1 7assumption n_18. regulation n_19.受人喜爱；流行 n_20.抵抗；对抗vt._21.仅；只；不过adv_22. adore vt. _23合情理的；讲道理的_Section Two:重点词汇拓展1. differ vf 【观察思考】 (1) Thoughts of westerners differ much_Oriental in a number of ways. A. between B. with C. from D. from those of (2) Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _size and shape. A. on B. from C. by D. in (3) Although metals _ widely in qualities,such as strength and hardness,they all have certain qualities in _ A. vary,general B. differ,common C. react, particular D. refer,details(4) (2012 . 浙江) According to scientists,mental abilities begin to_ from the age of 27 after reading the highest level at 22. A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline(5)(2010 .湖北)In the lecture,l can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A. private B. personal C. unique D. different(6)Does it_ any difference whether we leave at 9 :00 or at 10 : 00? A. tell B. be C. give D. make【归纳总结】A differs from B in.A与B在方面不同be different from和不同(adj. differently)make no/a little/much/some difference没有有一点有很大的有一些差别；产生影响tell the difference between A and B说出A与B之间的区别2pay off 【观察思考】(1)他买我的那辆自行车付给我200元。 _(2)Are you _ _ _ or by credit card? 你是付现金还是刷信用卡？(3)I believe that all my hard work will_ _ in the end,and Ill get into a good university.（得到回报）(4)Can we_（还清）the debt before the deadline next year?(5) You can _（还款）the load over a period of three years. 【归纳总结】pay( sb.) (some money) for sth买付某人多少钱pay.in cash付现金pay off 得到回报，成功偿清（债务）pay back偿还pay attention to注意pay a visit to.到地方去拜访某人传统等 【再练练】(1)- Have you heard that he was admitted into Beijing University? -Is that true? Im glad that his efforts at last_ . A. worked out B. paid off C. turned out D. paid for(2)What is the way David thought of _ his debts? A. paying off B. being paid off C. to pay off D. being paid for(3) （2012 .安徽)The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. A. went to B. got through C. paid off D. ended up3owe v 【观察思考】(1) I _ John 60 dollars when I was in Paris.（句型转换） I _60 dollars _John when I was in Paris.(2) He owes his success more to luck than to ability.（英译汉） _(3) Mary will take care of the baby-she owes me a favor. 玛丽会照看孩子的她_。(4)I owe him an apology. =I owe an apology to him. 汉：_(5)Thanks to our joint efforts,the task was fulfilled ahead of time（同义词替换） _ _ our joint efforts,the task was fulfilled ahead of time.【归纳总结】owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物oweto归功于owing to,由于“由于”的同义词组: because of,thanks to,due to,as a result of,on account of参Unit 2 BI4bother v& n 【观察思考】(l)Im so sorry to have _ you with too many questions on such an occasion. A. interfered B. offended C. impressed D. bothered( 2)Dont _ your father about it now ; he is very tired. A. care B. bother C. set D. get(3)He never even bothered to say goodbye. 他连再见_(4)-Shall I lock the lab before I go home? - _ . Ill check it myself later. A. Go ahead B. No problem C. No hurry D. Dont bother(5) (2011 .天津) -I need to advertise for a roommate for next term. - _ -? Mary is interested. A. Why bother B. Why not C. So what D. What for【归纳总结】bother v打扰；操心；麻烦bother sb. with/about sth麻烦某人某事bother to do/doing sth费心作某事not/never bother to do sth懒得做sth. bothers sb某物令某人烦恼5. strike v. struck struck 【观察思考】(1) 他在那人的头上打了一下。 _(2)When I was passing the church,I heard the clock _ _. 当我经进教堂时，我听到钟敲了十一下。(3)Several years ago,a terrible earthquake_ Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.(4)The beauty of the West Lake struck me most. 西湖的美给我_。(5) _ _ _ me that I had made a terrible mistake. 我突然意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。(6)The unions are threatening _ _ if their pay demands are not met工会威胁说，如果他们提出的增加工资的要求得不到满足，就会举行罢工。【归纳总结】(1) strike v击打敲钟；报时（灾难；疾病等）袭击某地区留下印象突然想起罢工(2)短语等strike a match点火柴strike a balance达到平衡o ones heart使刻骨铭心Strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁on strike在罢工go on strike举行罢：striking adj.引人注意的；惊人的；给人留下深刻印象的【拓展联系】strike:指_打，一般速度较快beat:指_的敲打，甚至是有_的敲打hit:强调_e,. g. :The boy was _black and blue, Hearing the news, my heart began to _ faster. He _ the boy hard several times. (狠狠的打) The bullet didnt _ the target.6resist vt抵抗，对抗 【观察思考】(1) I _ _ (忍不住想告诉) you what I had experienced the last weekend.( 2)She is overweight, but she cant_ the temptation to eat more delicious food. A. forbid B. attach C. allow D. resist【归纳总结】resist doing sth.抵制干某事cant/couldnt resist doing sth.禁不住千某事cant/could help doing sth.resist the temptation to do sth抵制住的诱惑resistance打，抵抗，反抗；抵抗力resistant adj.祗抗的I有抵抗力的7exact adj 【观察思考】(l)The exact time is fifteen past ten now. 现在_时间是10点1 5分。(2)I dont know_where she lives, but it,s in London somewhere.我不知道她的确切地址，但是是在伦敦某处。(3)Our new house is _what weve always wanted. 我们的新房子正是我们一直所想要的。(4)-So you missed the meeting.一_. I got there 10 minutes before it ended.(5)(2011全国)-So you gave her your ph