虚拟语气知识框架.docVIP

虚 拟 语 气知 识 框 架 1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 三大版块 2. 宾语从句（1）wish+宾语从句虚 (2 ) suggest+宾语从句拟 3. 其它从句语 用过去式表现在情况气 1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去 两种形式 用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内 容 详 述I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时 间条件状语从句主 句与现在事实相反的假设If +S+didS+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设If +S+had doneS+would/should/could/might+have done与将来事实相反的假设didIf+S should done were to doS+would/should/could/might+do注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2混合时间。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3If there werent/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for= but for5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子II. 宾语从句 sb. did (希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb.had done（希望过去用过去完成式）sb.would/sould do（希望将来用过去将来）2. suggest+（that）S+should+do 表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should 动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。 注意：1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“表明”时，用陈述语气 2. insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气3. 所有和以上动词相关的从句均应该用虚拟语气（1）在It is 过去分词that S+( should )+do这类过去分词有：decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested， required等。 eg. It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening (2) 在It is 名词that S+( should )+do 这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation， requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise， wish，wonder等。eg. It is my proposal that he ( should )be sent to study further abroad (3)虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off (4) 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有（同3 中的名词）：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. III. 其它从句(1) It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth. eg. Dont you think its about time we went home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ (2) as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中。 在as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。 eg. Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman (3) 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中。 在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原形构成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again (4) 虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。 eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance (5) .would rather sb. did sth. eg. Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning.(6) If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only you were here with me right now.练习1 . I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B. would take part in C. should taken part in D. had taken part in2. How I wish it _！ A. isnt raining B. didnt rain C. werent raining D. doesnt rain3. I would rather you _ next Sunday. A. come B. came C. will come D. are coming4. I suggest that Mary _ to the lecture herself. A. go B. goes C. would go D. went5. But her face suggests that _ frightened indeed. A. is B. were C. has been D. be6. The headmaster requested that everyone _ present at the ceremony. A. be B. would be C. was D. must be7. It is necessary that the result of an experiment _ . A. be checked and rechecked B. would be checked C. should be check and recheck D. is checked and rechecked8. If I _ you，I would not sing such songs. A. was B. were C. am D. will be9. I am sorry you told him the secret. I wish you _ him the secret. A. didnt tell B. wouldnt tell C. will not tell D. had not told10. She looks as if she _ nothing about it before. A. knows B. would know C. had known D. has known11 . The man insisted that he _see that strange a man. A. hadnt seen B. didnt see C. shouldnt see D. wouldnt see12. He insisted that she _ the matter at the meeting. A. take up B. takes up C. will take up D. would take up13. It is necessary that _ an explanation for his absence from class. A. he gives B. he gave C. he will give D. he give14. I think its time we _. A. get up B. set out C. turn to sb. D. make a decision 15. I remember the whole thing as if it _ yesterday.A. will happen B. would happen C. happened D. had happened16. I never expected that the problem _ so complicated. A. should be B. will be C. was D. would be17. If we _ wings like birds, we should be able to fly in the sky. A. have B. had C. having D. have had18. I like the film very much. I wish I _ it last year when it was on for the first time in our city. A. saw B. see C had seen D. would see19. I wont be able to go there tomorrow. _ there tomorrow，I would see you. A. Were I go B. Went I C. should I go D. If I go20. I would have gone to America with my friends, but I _ by my mother. A. was stopped B. would be stopped C. will be stopped D. were stopped21 . Tom and Ann required that we _ at the banquet at six in the evening. A. would be B. could be C. should be D. might be22. He _ pay much attention to studying methods；otherwise he would have not fallen behind the others. A. didnt B. doesnt C. wont D. cant23. I would have gone to see you yesterday, but I _ no time. A. had B. had had C. would have D. should have24. _ for the leadership of the Party, we should have failed. A. Had it not been B. It had not been C. If it were not D. If it is not25. The beautiful girl insists that she _ there herself. A. go B. would go C. goes D. would go26. It is very cold today. Otherwise we_out to have a walk. A. can go B. could go C. will go D. would have gone27. If the doctor _ here earlier, the wounded worker would have been saved. A. came B. had come C. has come D. comes28. Marys wish is that she _ law instead of history when she was in college. A. has studied B. had studied C. studied D. would study29. It is necessary that you _ an entrance examination. A. must take B. would take C. should take D. could30. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie31 . What if he _ some mistakes last night? A. had made B. made C. have made D. has made32. - He would go to see you.” - “ _ he did not come? A. What if B. Where if C. What come D. Why whether33. If you _ with George yesterday morning, you would not be so angry now. A. talk B. were talking C. would talk D. had talked34 . _ the sun, nothing on earth could live. A. Were it not to B. If it were not to C. If it were not for D. If it had not been for35. Ive got such a suggestion that every family _ a large house like that！ A. has B. have C. will have D. had had36. Without steel , there _ no industry. A. would be B. will be C. are D. were37. I would rather they _ back as soon as possible. A. will come B. come C. are coming D. came38. My proposal is that the problem _ at the next meeting. A. should be discussed B. must be discussed C. is discussed D. will be discussed39. I was busy that day. Otherwise I _ to have a chat with you. A. had come B. would have come C. should have come D. will come40. It is ordered that the work_ at once. A. be started B. will be started C. would be started D. must be started41. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored42. Hadnt my car broken down，I _ the train. A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D. had caught43. If he _ the policeman honestly , he would not have been arrested. A. would have answered B. answered C. should answer D. had answered44. But for his help，I_. A. should not have succeeded B. had not succeeded C. did not succeed D. have not succeeded45. When Edison died，it was proposed that the American people _ all power in their houses, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man. A. turned off B. turn off C. would turn off D. will turn off46. Her suggestion was that we, after finishing our work， _ the other groups. A. helped B. will help C. help D. would help47. If he _ , he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned；would not take B. had been warned；would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken48. If only I _ as young as you are！ A. being B. am C. be D. were49. It is preferable that all candy-dates _ in their seats until the papers are collected. A. stay B. will stay C. stayed D. shall stay50. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent01-05 ACBAB 06-10AABDC 11-15 BADBD 16-20 ABCCA 21-25 CAAAA26-30 BBBCC 31-35AADCB 36-40 ADABA 41-45DADAB 46-50 CBDAB 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand _51_ you think.A border collie _52_ Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as _53_ as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as _54_ of a parrot or chimpanzee. In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and _55_ them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands _56_. _57_ the dog couldnt see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.In _58_ experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had _59_ seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a _60_ the dog had never heard before.The correct object _61_ in seven out of 10 tests, _62_ that the dog had _63_ the answer by process of elimination (排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive. Rico is thought to be smarter than the 64 dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种) known for its mental abilities. _65_, the 9-year-old dog has been _66_ to fetch toys _67_ their names since the age of nine months.Its hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. _68_ they do, they cant talk back. _69_, it wouldnt hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet _70_ in return!51. A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. much more52. A. callingB. with the name of C. namedD. by the name 53. A. easily B. slowC. soonD. widely54. A. thatB. theseC. thoseD. ones55. A. changedB. dividedC. turnedD. shared 56. A. rightB. quickC. apartD. wrong57. A. BecauseB. AsC. ForD. Thanks to 58. A. oneB. otherC. eachD. another59. A. everB. stillC. evenD. never 60. A. wordB. sentenceC. stickD. toy61. A. was chosen B. has been chosen C. chooses D. is chosen 62. A. expressingB. meaningC. suggestingD. saying63. A. worked outB. turned outC. spoke outD. carried out 64. A. ordinarilyB. averageC. fierceD. usual65. A. Worse stillB. In spiteC. In additionD. or rather 66. A. forcedB. trainedC. hopedD. advised 67. A. with B. by C. in D. of 68. A. Even ifB. As if C. ThoughD. Only if 69. A. or elseB. stillC. EvenD. Beside 70. A. kissB. biteC. touchD. pat第三部分：阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。A letter to Edward, a columnist(报刊专栏作家）Dear Mr Expert:I grew up in an unhappy and abusive home. I always Promised myself that Id get out as soon as possible. Now, at age 20,I have a good job and a nice house, and Im really proud of the independence Ive achieved.Heres the problem: several of my friends who still live with their parents wish they had places like mine so much so that they make mine theirs.It started out with a couple of them spending the weekends with me. But now they seem to take it for granted that they can show up any time they like. They bring boyfriends over, talk on the phone and stay out forever.I enjoy having my friends here sometimes it makes the place feel comfortable and warm but this is my home, not a party house. I was old enough to move out on my own, so why cant I seem to ask my friends to respect my privacy(隐私)?JoanEdwards reply to JoanDear Joan:If your family didnt pay attention to your needs when you were a child, you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now.And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛),you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy. You need to understand that in tru