有关as作连词的用法[1].doc

有关as作连词的用法一as引导状语从句as作为连词可以引导状语从句，表示时间、原因、方式、让步等。1. 引导时间状语从句，意思是“当的时候”，同when/while,更强调“一边一边”。表“随着”的意思时同with,但with是介词，不可以跟从句。eg: I saw him as he was getting off the bus. He often listens to the music as he is doing his homework. As time goes by, his illness is getting worse.2. 引导原因状语从句，同since。eg: We had better hurry as it is getting dark. As she has no car, she cant get there easily.有关as作连词的用法一二as引导定语从句1. as引导限制性定语从句。as作为关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，通常与the same或such连用，构成the same as和suchas句型。eg: I have never heard such stories as he tells. This is the same dictionary as I lost.有关as作连词的用法要用倒装结构。可以把从句中表语、状语甚至谓语动词置于句首，如果是带有冠词的可数名词单数作表语，置于句首时应省去冠词。eg: Young as he is, he knows a lot about history. Much as I like you, I will not marry you. Try as she might, Mary couldnt get the door open. Boy as he is, he is very shy. (boy前省略冠词a)4. 引导方式状语从句，表示方式。意思是“像，按照，如同”。eg: Do it as I do it. You should finish your task as you are told to. Leave it as it is.有关as作连词的用法2. as引导非限制性定语从句。 as与which一样都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外as还有“正如、就像”之意。eg: As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. He was admitted to college, which made his parents very happy. John, as you know, is a writer. 动词不定式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式 的构成： to+动词原形 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时句子有以下两种 (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 It will take us half an hour to get there by bike.常用句式有Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It seems形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money动词不定式作宾语 l 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。如：We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点） 1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 2不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。动词不定式作宾语补足语 1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。 2使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）动词不定式作定语 1、不定时要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。Would you like something to eat?He has a important meeting to have.2、如果动名词与所修饰的名词与代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词时要加上相应的介词They want a big room to live in.动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语的语法功能，在初中阶段不作为考查项目，但是往往会在完形填空或阅读理解中出现，所以对此有多了解会有助于你的阅读能力。动词不定式放在系动词之后作表语； My job is to clean the street every day.His dream Is to be a doctor动词不定式作状语 1. 作目的状语He ran fast to catch the first bus.He came here only to say goodbye to us.2. 作结果状语He searched the room to find nothing.3. 作原因状语Im glad to see you.特殊疑问词与动词不定式连用特殊疑问词To do 往往与宾语从句相互转I dont know what to do.=I don t know what I should do.类似的疑问词还有 when, where, whom, which, how动词不定式的否定形式 l 动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如：Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。To 的几种常见用法l tooto / not +adj.+enough to do He is too careless to finish the work well. He is not careful enough to finish the work well. He is so careless that he couldnt finish it well.He is such a careless boy that he couldnt be to do表示按照计划或者安排将要发生的动作 used to do 表示过去常常干某事 have to do 不得不作某事同步练习1. We want to play basketball after school. Would you like _ (join) us?2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ (learn) English well.3. It is better to teach a man fishing than _ (give) him fish.4. Though Tom missed many lessons, he tried hard _ (not fall) behind.5. The little boy _ (ask) to do his homework just now. 6. Never forget _ (say) “Excuse me”, when you trouble somebody.7. Who told the man _ (not be) late for school?8. So much work usually makes them _ (feel) very tired.9. Lets go and _ (play) games.10. They will spend their holiday in Guilin, but we havent decided where _ (go). 倒装句种种1. 正常词序1. The accident happened late in the afternoon. (绝大部分陈述句)2. What has happened to you? (疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句)3. Which building was destroyed? (疑问词修饰主语的特殊疑问句)二. 倒装词序1. 主谓倒装 A. 部分倒装(即一般疑问句词序) Did the accident happen late in the afternoon? B. 全部倒装Out rushed the woman.2. 非主谓倒装Proud as/though he is, he is afraid to see me. (表语倒装)=Though he is proud, he is afraid to see me.三. 主谓倒装A. 部分倒装 (主谓像一般疑问句那样倒装) 1. 疑问句 (疑问词作主语或作主语的修饰语除外) ( The bell has rung. ) 1) Has the bell rung? ( Everything he had was taken away from him during the Second World War.) 2) When was everything he had taken away from him?2. “ Only + 状语 ” 放在句首时 (He told me the truth only after his wife left.) Only after his wife left did he tell me the truth.3. 当not only but also 连接两个句子时,前一句主谓要部分倒装 (The city was polluted and the streets were crowded, too.) Not only was the city polluted but also the streets were crowded.4. so (表示 “如此”)放在句首时 ( I felt it so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.)So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.5. so (表示 “也”)放在句首时; nor / neither (表示 “也不.”)放在句首时 (Smelling a rotten egg is an experience and taking medicine is an experience, too.) 1) Smelling a rotten egg is an experience. So is taking medicine.(I have never been abroad and my wife has never been abroad, either. )2) I have never been abroad. Nor has my wife.注意:1) 加前缀或后缀( un_, im_, _less等)视为肯定句. ( The young man was impolite to us. His father was impolite to us, too.) The young man was impolite to us and so was his father.2) “So + 主谓部分倒装” 表示 “也” ; “So + 主谓不倒装” 表示 “的确” If he goes to see you off at the airport, so will I. (= I will go to see you off at the airport, too) - I hear Tom sat up far into the night. - So he did.6.当否定词、半否定词或否定词组放在句首时 ( He no more cared what his friends thought about him. )1) No more did he care what his friends thought about him. He wasnt set free until liberation. ) 2) Not until liberation was he set free.( He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang )3) Hardly had he gone to bed when the telephone rang. ( They cleaned the entire house in no time. )4) In no time did they clean the entire house .TV sets can never take the place of cinemas.)5) Never can TV sets take the place of cinemas. (She did not sing a single song at yesterdays party.)6) Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.7. 虚拟条件从句中含有should, were 或 had时,可以去掉if, 主谓进行部分倒装. (If I had been born a few years earlier, I would join the army.) 1) Had I been born a few years earlier, I would join the army.( Your wife would not be pleased to hear that if she were here now. ) 2) Your wife would not be pleased to hear that were she here now.B. 全部倒装1. 以There / Here / Out / In / Away / Up / Down开头的句子 1) Here is a letter for you.3) There goes the bell.4) There was a sudden wind and away went his hat.5) The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.但是:当主语是人称代词时,主谓不要倒装. 1) Here it comes. 2) Here they are. 3) Out she rushed.3. 一个较长的地点状语短语放在句首时,如果主语长,谓语短,需要全部倒装. 1) In a lecture hall of a university in England sat an old professor with a heavy book under his arm.2) From the valley came a gun shot.3) They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which stood a peasant boy.4) In this passage will be found the answer to the question.4. 当直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,引号外的主谓可以全部倒装,也可以不倒装. 1) “I think were lost.” said my brother. (也可以: “I think were lost.” my brother said.) 2) “ If I die,” asked he, “ who will take my place?” (也可以: “If I die,” he asked, “who will take my place?”)四. 非主谓倒装1. 感叹句 ( He is singing beautifully. )1) How beautifully he is singing ! (状语倒装) ( You are all very silly. )2) How silly you all are ! (表语倒装) ( Youve made so many mistakes in this exam. )3) What a lot of mistakes you have made in this exam!(宾语倒装)(I wish very much to go there.) How I wish to go there! (状语倒装)2. 为了前后衔接紧密, 将宾语倒装 ( 放在句首). Then they asked the king for more silk and gold thread. All this they kept for themselves. (宾语倒装)3. 当as表示”虽然”、 “尽管”时,必须将表语,状语或主要动词倒装.1) Tired as they were, Alice and Jane sat up very late to see the new year come. ( 表语倒装)2) Hero as he is , he has some shortcomings. (表语倒装)3) Hard as they worked, they didnt finish the task ahead of time. (状语倒装)4) Try as you might, you will not succeed. (主要动词倒装)定于从句1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake. Attributive Clause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词He is an English teacher who likes singing songs引导词关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词:wherewhenwhy注意： 1 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要 充当句子成分。 2 当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。 3 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。 4 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。 5 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系词的作用： 1、连接作用 把主句和从句连接起来 2、替代作用 在从句中代替在它前面 的先行词 3、成分作用 在从句中充当一个成分例 1. The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher指人: that/who (主语)例2: The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3: The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.指物: that/which (主语)例4: The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)1. The boys are from Grade one. The boys are playing basketball. The boys who/that are playing basketballare from Grade OneThe boys who/that are from Grade one are playing basketball.2.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterdayThe young man whom/who/that you saw yesterday is afamous writer3.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in the houseThis is the house which/that Lu Xun once lived in关系代词的用法：一、由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。whose + n. = the + n.+ of + whom / which This is the man who helped me. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2EDo you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? Do you know the man the name of whom is Wang Yu ? Mary lives in the house whose roof is red. Mary lives in the house the roof of which is red.二、Which引导的定语从句。which在从句做主语或谓语动词和介词的宾语。 The building which stands near the river is our school. This is the book (which) you want. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.注意： whom, which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。 This is the person whom you are looking for which引导的非限制性定语从句。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. She is always late for class, which makes the teacher angry三、由that引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语)The letter that I received was from my father.（宾语）但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。This is the school in that you will study. ( )This is the school in which you will study. ()This is the school (which/that) you will study in. ()注意 在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. Something that we heard was of great truth. 当先行词是all, everybody, nobody, anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。 Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here. 先行词被序数词、the last或形容词的最高级所修饰。 The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。 I have read all the books that you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very 修饰。 This is the very pen that I am looking for. He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 当句中已有who 或which时，为避免重复。Who is the man that is talking to John? 如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that.Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.6. 当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况: that, in which 或不填。 I dont like the way b you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank） A. that B. which C. in which D. /7. 在 Its time 句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。 It is (high / about) time that 主语 + 谓语（should +v ）/ 过去式 It is 序数词 time that 主语 + 谓语 (现在完成时) ( ) It is high time that I _b_to do the physics homework.A. go B. wentC. shall go D. have gone ( ) It is the first time _a_ he has been here.A. thatB. whenC. at whichD. which8one of + 复数名词+who/which/that +复数谓语 the (only) one of + 复数名词+ who/which/that +单数谓语She is one of the students who _b_ praised at the meeting yesterday. A. was B. were C. isD. areHe is the only one of the students who _d_a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. areC. have beenD. has been四、as引导的定语从句: as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成the same as, such as等结构。 I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I shall do it in the same way as you did. I like the same book as you do. as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。 The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. As is known to all, he studies very hard. As we all know, China is a developing country.常用于这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper注意：which 和 as 的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which 没有。 从句的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”时，as只可以作宾语，不可以做主语，而which 都可以。巩固练习：1. Finally the thief handed everything _D_ he had stolen to the police.A. Which B. whatC. whatever D. that2. He told me all _C_ he knew.A. whichB. whatC. that D. how3. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _D_ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whomC. whatD. which4. Is the river _A_ through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows5. The most important thing_ we should pay attention to is the first thing _D_I have said. A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that 6. The songs _ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded _D_A. /, beautifullyB. that ,wonderfullyC. which , wellD./, nice7. The result of the experiment was very good, _C_we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. whichD. what8. You may keep any _A_ you find Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhom9. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person_A_ she could turn for help.A. to whom B. whoC. from whomD. that10. The Great Wall is the last place _C_Mr. smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.A. whereB. which C. / D. what11.They study in a small classroom _A_ floor is broken Awhose Bwhich Cwhere Dthat12. Next Sunday is the only day _A_ he can spare to join us Athat Bwhich Cwhen Don which13. He isnt the man _A_ he used to be Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich14. Please pass me the dictionary _D_ cover is black Awhich Bwhich of Cits Dwhose15.Through practice we can learn a lot _D_ can not_ from books Awhich；be learned Bthat；learn Cwhich；learn Dthat；be learned下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1They talked for half an hour of the things and persons who they would deal with a few days later(that) 2Who is the man who was praised at the meeting？ (that)3Is this the farm where you visited the other day？(that) 4Is this factory which you visited last week？ (that)5I want to buy the same dictionary that you have (as)4This is factory which you visited last weekIs this factory which you visited last week？This is factory which you visited last weekIs this the factory which you visited last week?This factory is which you visited last week.This factory is