如何搞好初中英语阅读教学.doc

如何搞好初中英语阅读教学上周县教研室王红梅老师陪同牛津英语出版社工作人员和山西省牛津英语研究中心的郭老师一行，来我校调研牛津英语教材使用情况，并和我校的英语教师就如何组织英语教学和如何用好英语教材进行了交流。在交流的过程中她指出：英语教学离不开听、说、读、写，而学生阅读能力的提高能为听、说和写能力的发展打下良好的基础。学生的语言知识能否得到巩固、语言技能能否得到培养、学习积极性能否得到保持下去、英语学习的积极性及兴趣能否得到稳定，很大程度跟学生的阅读有密切的联系。现在考试试题相当部分出现阅读，而且分值高，那么如何搞好阅读教学呢？谈点感受：一、通过阅读巩固已学词汇、甚至扩大词汇量在调研中多数老师们反映最多的一个问题是，现在的牛津教材词汇量大，学生阅读难度大，造成学生不想读的现象。一节课所学的那十个、八个或二十多个生词，即使当堂课能很好地记住，也不等于长时间能记住。单词多怎样记？我感觉我们的老师要给学生提供大量的阅读材料，让学生由易到难，一步一步来，逐步增加学生的词汇量。只有多读，才能取得在读中悟、读中记、读中巩固的效果。二、阅读加深掌握学过的常用句型学生要想学好英语，词汇量固然重要，但只靠记住那孤立的单词是不够的，英语句型熟练与否，直接影响了英语学习的效果。在现行的教材中，学生要掌握的常用句型结构的句子再现率达不到记忆规律的要求，即这些句型结构的句子在这模块初次出现，有些可能要隔好几个模块再出现。因此，在英语教学中，经常遇到这样的情况：学生学了几年英语后，虽然有了一定的词汇量，还要由教师逐句把课文译成汉语，否则就不知其意；不少学生只会认读课文，而对与课文难易程度相当的课外阅读材料，则看不懂或者阅读速度很慢；很多学生可以机械地背诵不少常用句型和语法规则，而不能灵活运用。针对这些情况，学生每学完某些句型后，就根据记忆规律给学生提供含有这些句型结构的句子且难易程度与课文相当的短文、对话进行阅读。这些短文、对话后的练习尽量围绕相关句型结构特点设计，这样，这些常用句型就能按照记忆规律多次地以不同形式展现在学生面前，学生识别常用句型的能力就会培养起来了。坚持阅读既可以熟悉且熟练掌握学过的常用句型、又可以挖掘学生内在潜力，更有效地提高学生的阅读能力，形成良好的阅读习惯，是学好英语中的重要一环。总之，抓好英语阅读训练，尤其是初中入门阶段的阅读训练，不仅有助于养成良好的阅读习惯，巩固甚至熟练掌握初中阶段常见的句式，扩大词汇量和知识面，也扩大视野，丰富课余生活，学到现代英语；而且还激发学生学习英语的兴趣，增强其学习英语的动机和信心，体会到学习英语的意义和价值。在很大程度上减轻了学生学习英语的压力，对推动英语教学改革有很大的研究价值。 如何做好初中英语阅读教学设计 面对英语教学中阅读教学这一大难点，特与大家探讨一下，希望能有一定的帮助。 一、精心设计问题，设置悬念，激发阅读兴趣 在初中英语阅读教学中，设计问题、回答问题是课堂教学使用率最高的一种教学手段。教师问题设计得得体、精巧，能把学生引入“问题情境”，激发学生探索知识和阅读的欲望，引导他们积极思考，对发展学生的英语表达能力能起到很大作用。 二、合理安排教学步骤，有层次地引导学生阅读 1.在导读阶段精心设计问题，使学生高效投入到英语阅读中。 根据阅读课文材料，教师精心设计问题，激发学生阅读的兴趣，而这些问题的回答就是一些重要的新的语言知识的展现。教师可以借助文章的标题、插图等，通过提问或讨论介绍阅读文章的主题，鼓励学生预测所要阅读的内容，明确阅读任务。并就阅读材料向学生提出有关问题让学生思考，引发其阅读兴趣，并鼓励学生去图书馆查阅资料或上网搜索。让学生在这类活动中体验合作学习，充分调动他们学习的主动性和积极性。如果学生对教师的阅读材料背景介绍产生兴趣，他们就能迅速进入高效阅读状态。因此，在阅读教学的导入过程中教师应尽量激发学生的阅读兴趣，使其主观能动性发挥出来。 2.引导学生快速阅读，捕捉大意。 教师要培养学生的英语阅读能力，首先要使学生摆脱母语干扰，直接感知语群句意；其次要引导他们快速阅读，扩大阅读视幅面；培养他们良好的阅读习惯，训练阅读速度，提高概述能力；还要培养他们的猜词悟意能力、推理归纳能力等，即在阅读材料提供的纷繁复杂的语言环境中，抓住文章脉络，掠过不必要知道的生词或通过构词法猜出某些生词。例如，7BUnit4“LuckyEscape”一文中的生词van，suddenly就无关紧要，阅读时可掠过。教师可提醒学生注意生词quickly，happily是由quick，happy变来的；robber是由rob变来的，显然是表示某种人，就像teacher是由teach变来的一样，从而引导他们结合构词法和文章内容猜出这些词的意思。这样，通过快速阅读，捕捉文章大意。然后让学生回答一些对表层意义的理解题：（1）Howmanypeoplearethereinthestory？（2）Whoarethey？要求学生在回答上述问题时，不要看课文，以培养他们的识记和判断能力。 3.设计整体理解性问题。 随着词汇、语言点的处理，老师再精心设计整体理解性问题，促使学生加强对段落的理解，理顺事件发生的顺序、人物行为，加深对文章整体的把握，获取中心意思。在学生阅读文章时，教师根据文章内容设计问题，从而培养学生的英语阅读和分析能力，帮助学生正确使用阅读策略。阅读文章并不是被动地接受知识和获取信息，而是带着问题进行阅读。在阅读过程中预测活动总是在进行着。教师在教学中应有意识地培养学生对所读文章进行预测的能力，如通过文章的标题预测文章内容、根据首句预测段落、根据开头预测结尾等。整篇文章的主题就是通过主题句表现出来的。据统计，大约80%的主题句位于段落的句首，其他大约20%不到是尾句，但也有时候是在段中。 4.指导学生精读全文，把握信息。 教师应有效指导学生学习语言知识，培养他们理解、掌握和应用语言知识的能力，使其通过灵活运用语言知识，掌握语言模式，形成良好的语言思维定势，培养语感。教师可针对有碍阅读理解的内容，采用“疏”导法，教学生抓住重点句、重点词，摆脱不必要的困扰；针对阅读中的重要知识，采用“点”导法，教授重要语言点。 5.启发学生深读全文，领悟内涵。 在处理了语言点知识，对文章整体认识后，教师可精心设计一些深层理解的问题，如文章的中心思想、作者的写作意图、预测事件情节发展或后果等，进一步促使学生去了解作者观点、态度，提高捕捉加工整合材料信息的能力，这些问题可让学生相互讨论。就要求教师不仅要引导学生读通文章，还要引导他们深读文章，使其发挥潜能积极的学习态度；发展学生探究学习，引起发散性思维，提高对文章的全面理解和认识；激发其学习兴趣，使其形成使其形成积极的学习态度；发展学生探究学习和合作精神，从而进一步提高学生阅读分析、判断能力。 三、改善学生的学习心理，发展学生的智能和综合素质 阅读能力与学生的兴趣、志向和意志等非智力因素密切相关。有的学生在阅读时缺乏自信和耐心。一看到长长的一篇文章，里面还搀杂着一些生词，就产生厌烦情绪，这时教师要把改善学生的语言学习心理环境作为一项重要的工作。要创设条件使学生产生语言学习的成功体验，从而增强学生学习的信心，激发其进一步学习的兴趣和动机，使学生以一种积极向上的精神状态投入学习。教师要带领学生一道挖掘阅读材料的思想内涵，开展话题讨论，使学生学会客观地分析、评价人物和事件，以培养学生对社会和人生的正确态度。 四、注意阅读后的反馈调控 教师可以围绕课文开展各种形式的口、笔头交际活动，如复述课文、问题讨论、角色扮演、采访、调查、仿写与课文相关的话题等。还可要求学生口头或书面表达阅读体会，或就某一话题联系实际进行小组讨论。在这个用英语积极思维的过程中，学生发展了英语思维的能力和文章的谋篇布局能力，这些能力不但有利于提高其阅读速度，培养其良好的阅读习惯，而且有利于学生抓住文章要领，了解文章组织结构的能力及对篇章的推理能力。 总之，阅读是一个积极主动地思考、理解和接受信息的过程。从形式上看，它是一种单向的言语交流，但它实际上是作者和读者双向参与的言语交际活动。教师在阅读课上应该树立以学生为主体的思想，精心设计阅读教学过程，使学生拓宽视野，由被动接受知识转化为开动脑筋主动探索知识，养成正确的阅读习惯，从而达到提高阅读的速度和质量，培养自学能力，提高综合运用语言的能力的目的CHAPTER 1 食/Eating Unit 1 用餐/Meals 1.用餐的礼节 Dont talk with your mouth full. I toast(敬酒) you all and hope youll have pleasant stay in Taiwan. Help yourself. Use the hot towel to wipe your hands. Would you care for more bread? Can you pass the salt and pepper(胡椒),please? 2.想吃东西 I am very hungry. Can we eat something? Dont you feel hungry, Mr. Liu? I would like to have something good to eat. What do you say to dine with me at a restaurant? Wont you dine with me? 3.选择餐厅 What kind of restaurant do you like? Could you tell me the name of some good restaurant? Where can I enjoy the best local food? I would like to go to an inexpensive restaurant. 4.各式佳肴 Which do you like better, Chinese food or Western food? I like seafood. I would like to go to a real French restaurant. Have you never tried Japanese food? 5.向人推荐 Shall we go to the restaurant in Hsimenting where I often drop in? I would like to recommend Sea Food on Tong Hwa street. There is a restaurant that is open twenty-four hours, and Im sure youwould like it. 6.订位 A: I would like to reserve a table for four at seven this evening. B: May I have your name? Have many are there? I would like a table for two ,please. Is there a vacant table? Are these places taken? Are these seats reserved? Im sorry, but these seats are res7.桌位的按排Where shall I sit? Put me as close as possible to the stage, please. I want a table by the window. I think this is the best table. 8.点菜 May I have a menu, please? Please show me the menu. I would like the breakfast on your menu, please. Please take my order. 请接受点菜 What will you have to eat? Have you ordered already? What would you like for your main dish? I will order again later. May I ask what you ordered again? Please give me this one. May I have the same as that one? We want four number eight, please. Ill leave it to you. 我让你来点 9.菜式 What kind of dish is this? 这是什么菜 What is the specialty of the house? 这家店的特制餐是什么 These restaurant seems to feature vegetarian dishes. Do you have any special meals(特餐) today? We will serve special meals at ordinary price. 10.很花时间吗? Will it take long? Would you mind hurrying? I shall not keep you long. 11.上错菜 This is not what I ordered. I dont order any mineral water(矿泉水). What I ordered is beef steak(牛排),not ham and eggs(火腿蛋). 12.请求 Could I have a corkscrew(开塞钻)? Could we have another table setting(餐具)? Could I have another napkin(餐巾)? Do you have anymore silverware(银器)? Do you have place mats(放餐具的垫布)? Is there more gravy(肉汤)? Do you have any chopsticks? Who want a second helping? 谁要再来一些呢 Could you pass the butter? Would you like join me for a romantic candle-light dinner? 13.饮料 Will you have some drinks? What would you like to drink? What drink do you prefer? Waiter! Could I have some water,please? May I have a glass of icewater? Miss! Would you bring me another cup of coffee,please? Would you like your coffee with your dinner or later? Would you like coffee or tea? Give me a cup of tea with a slice of lemon(柠檬),please. I would like hot chocolate. Would you like sugar and milk? 14.酒类 Please give a bottle of beer. May I have some beer to begin with? May I have another beer. Please give me a glass of whiskey and water. I prefer whiskey to beer. May I see the wine list? I would like to have a bottle of champagne(香槟酒),please. Let me serve. 15.开胃菜.调味.蛋 I would like a cucumber(黄瓜) salad for an appetizer(开胃菜). I would like onion gratin soup, please. 我要烤洋葱汤 I would like to have broiled fresh codfish(鳕鱼),potato salad and abottle of white wine. I would like French dressing(调味品). Give me some more butter,please. How do you like your eggs? I would like a soft-boiled(煮得半熟的) egg,please. 16.牛排 I will have a beef steak,please. Would you like your steak rare(三分熟的),medium or well-done? I would like the steak a bit rare. Would you like anything on your beef steak? 17.点心 I would like to order some dessert(餐后的甜点心),please. What kind of dessert do you have? I will have a fruit cocktail. Let me have fruit,tarts(裹馅饼) and ice cream,please. 18.再吃一点Would you like something to eat? Please help yourself to more meat if you want. Would you like some more cake? What do you say to oyster(牡蛎) stew(炖菜) and fried lobster? Ive had enough. 吃饱了 19.菜很好,谢谢 It was very good. Thank you. Thank you for the delicious(美味的) dinner. That was the most wonderful dinner Ive ever had. I enjoyed the special meal very much. The service here is very good. 20.要求外带 Can I order take out here? Certainly. What do you want, sir? 21.付帐 Please be my guest tonight. 今晚我作东 Please check my bill. 帐单由我付 It is my treat today. 今天我请客 Let me pay my share. How much do my owe you? Lets go Dutch. 各付各的 Do you accept this credit card? Could you bring my bill, please? May I have the check ? May I have the bill ? 22.帐算错了 I think this is added up wrong. Isnt this bill wrong? Isnt this a mistake? 23.零钱不用找了 A:Here is one thousand NT dollars. Keep the change. B:Please come again,sir. 24.意见与讨论 I cant eat another bite. He always eats on the run. Background music enhances the dining experience. Soup and salad is a popular lunch for people on a diet(减肥的人). Bacon(熏肉) and eggs is a popular American breakfast. The busboy will clear the table. Put the dirty plates on the tray. This is my best chinaware.Unit 2 买菜 Shopping for Food 1.水果类 Are these melons ripe? The grapes look good. These blueberries look wonderful. You can tell if the watermelon is juicy by tapping on it. Could I have two pounds of cherries(樱桃),please? Why are all the tomatoes green? The cantaloupe(香瓜) is too soft. Are the strawberries sweet? How much are these apples? Those oranges look very dry. Let me have that bunch of bananas. Can I sample a litchi? Are these peaches(桃) sweet? The pineapple(凤梨) looks juicy. 2.蔬菜类 Thats a fine head of cabbage. How much is the turnip(萝卜)? I will use the carrots(胡萝卜) for making a salad. Can I have a pound of bean sprouts(豆芽), please? Has the spinach(菠菜) been washed? How much do the yams(马铃薯) weigh? How do you eat zucchinis(南瓜的一种)? Do you sell scallions(青葱)? Give me a pound of taro(芋) root. Why does this lettuce(沙拉菜) look so wilted(枯萎)? Ill take that big pumpkin(南瓜) over there. Could you slice me a portion of winter melon? I think Ill buy some eggplant for dinner tonight. The celery(芹菜) looks crisp(鲜脆). Ill take a dozen ears of corn. 3.其他食物 Give me a kilogram of the beef jerky(牛肉干). Could I have a packet of preserved plums(酸梅)? Ill have two cakes of the bean curd(豆腐). Is the fish fresh? 4.评论 Will you give me a discount if I buy in bulk? Theres too many flies here. Is the scale accurateUnit 3 超级市场 Supermarket 1.在个部门 Where is the produce department? Is there a delicatessen(现成菜肴) department? Where are the dairy products(牛奶产品)? Where are the canned goods(罐头产品)? Which aisle(通道) is the dog food in? In which aisle are the soft drinks(不含酒精的饮料)? Wheres the frozen foods section? 2.在结帐处 Which is the express line? Do you accept coupons(优待券)? Could you put the eggs in a separate bag? Could I pay with a personal check? Could you double-bag everything? Could I have someone help me carry my groceries(杂货) to my car? 3.需要东西时 Could I have a sample taste of that? Could you wrap this? Could you weigh this? Do you have more of this item in stock? Are there any more shopping carts(购物车)? Do you sell ice? Let me have a quart of potato salad. Slice me half a pound of salami(意大利腊肠). 4.评论 Theres no price on the item. The price marked on this item is wrong. 5.有关问题 How much is this per pound? What hours are you open? Where do I return bottles? Where do I pay for this? Is this on sale? Is thisUnit 4 速食店 Fast Food Store 1.点餐 A:Id like a hamburger,french fries,and a milkshake. B:Will that be it? A:And a coffee. B:Is this for here or to go? A:Im too tired to cook dinner tonight. B:We can go get fast food. A:OK,lets go to a Chinese fast food takeout. What kind of sauce(酱) would you like with the Chicken Mc Nuggets? What kind do you have? We have sweet-and-sour(甜醋酱),barbecue(烤肉酱),and hot mustard(芥末). Ill take barbecue. Ill have a Big Mac,cheeseburger,2 orders of fries,a large coke with noice,a strawberry sundae,and plenty of napkins. Could you give a coffee with extra packets of cream and sugar? Can I still order breakfast? Do you have catering(包办酒席) service? Are there any more seats? 2.谈论速食 Do they put MSG(monosodium glutamate 味精) in fast foods? Are you kidding? Fast foods are loaded with MSG. No wonder Im always thirsty after eating it. Why do kids like eating fast food so much? Because fast foods are loaded with sugar. Its just like eating candy. 3.要求或请求 Would you please hold the pickles and onions. Could I have extra ketchup(蕃茄酱)? Do you have any straws(吸管)? Do you have any highchairs? Do you sell gift certificates? Where are the restrooms? 4.抱怨 Id like to file a complaint with the