初中英语语法(含题目).doc

基础语法部分 姓名 _ 学号 _一、名词1、可数名词和不可数名词怎样来表示数量？哪些名词既可数又不可数名词？(7个单词) 基数词+可数名词复数或用many, a few, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+可数名词复数：eight oranges, many students, lots of tomatoes, some boys (注意区别some _某个男孩), any matches (注意区别any _ 任何比赛), six boxes of books 基数词+量词(piece, kind, box, bottle, cup, glass, bag)+不可数名词或用much, a little, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+不可数名词：two pieces of paper, three boxes of orange, forty bags of rice, five cups of tea, much water, some drink, any advice _(工作，作品、工厂), _(橙汁，桔子), _(时间，次数、倍数), _(鸡肉，小鸡), _(纸，试卷、报纸), _(玻璃，玻璃杯), _(空间，房间)，_(运动，练习)2、可数名词的数（1）单数：_egg, _green desk, _orange, _yellow orange, _interesting film, _ eight-year-old boy（2）可数名词复数如何变？ 规则(1)、一般情况加_：pen_, doctor_ (2)、以_，_，_，_，结尾的词加_：bus_，class_，box_，fox_，watch_，brush_, wish_ (3)、以辅音母加_结尾的词变“_”为“_”再加_：city_, factory_, country_, family_, baby_, story_, party_, century_, worry_ (4)、以元音字母加_结尾的名词的复数形式只加_：boy_, day_, key_, way_, toy_ (5)、以_结尾的词多数都加_：hero_，potato_，tomato_ (6)、词末有两个元音字母的词和外来词只加_：zoo_，radio_，photo_，piano_ (7) 以_或_结尾的词，多数变_为_再加_：knife_，leaf_, half_, thief_, wife_ (注意：roof(屋顶)roofs；scarf_ / _)。 不规则(7个单词) man_，woman_，tooth_，foot_，goose_，child_，mouse_, policeman_, policewoman_, Englishman_ 单数形式而只能表示复数(2个单词) _ 人, _ 警察 单复数形式相同(6个单词) _ 中国人，_ 日本人，_绵羊，_鹿，_鱼，_方式 复数形式只能是单数 (3个单词) _新闻, _ 数学, _ 物理 一般只有复数无单数 (6个单词) _(裤子), _眼镜, _ 衣服, _ (货物), _ (筷子) _剪刀单数形式既单数又复数：family, class, team , group等指个体成员时为_，指整体时为_复合词的复数如何变 (1) 主名词为复数：banana tree_, daughter in law _,(儿媳)，boy student_， girl friend_，shoe factory_ (2) 如是man或woman作定语时，同时变复数：man driver_(男司机) woman doctor_(女大夫) (3) sport一般用复数作定语：sports bag_, sports shoe_人名复数的用法及意思是什么？ The +人名表示_ The Greens = _ family 谓语用_3、名词所有格的加法及用法 (1) 单数后_：a _ (学生)room, my _(母亲) father (2) 以_结尾的复数在_后加_：_(双胞胎) rooms, _ (教师) Day (注意：以_结尾的单数名词加_，如是姓氏(名字)时，则可以直接加_或加_：an _ (女演员) experience, a _(女服务员) job，_ (James) sister或_ sister，_ (Jones) books或_ books) (3) 特殊名词复数加_：_ (儿童) Day, _(妇女) Day, _ (鼠) hair (4) 由and连接的表示共同拥有加_为所有格：_ (玛丽和约翰) father, _ (Nick and Tim) bedroom （注意：分别拥有则_加所有格：_ (Jim and Mike) mothers, _ (Jack and Lucy) chairs） (5) 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用_(此结构可以用连字号表示，此时所有格只能用单数)：a twenty _ (分钟) walk= a _ walk，ten _(英里) journey = _ journey(旅行)，a _ (船) length(长度)，two _ weight = two-pound weight(两磅重), ten _ worth = ten-dollar worth(值10美元)。4、双重所有格的组成是什么？（1） a(two)+名词_(_)+_+名词_（_物主代词） =one (two) _ +名词_（_物主代词）+名词_：我父亲的一个朋友a _ of _ _= one of my _ _, 我照片中的一张a photo of _ = one of _ _ （2）the +名词+_+名词=(the)+名词_+名词：the _(猫) name =the name _ the _, the _(狗) legs =the legs _ the _, _ (中国) population =the population _ _, Chinas capital =the capital of China反馈练习：、which of the following words are countable, which are uncountable? Give both the single forms and plural formswork, music, milk, homework , chalk, child, stamp, watch, match, housework, life, knife, man, policeman, news, paper, tomato, tooth, sheep, coffee, factory, tea, photo, boy, piano, mouse , photo, month, vegetable, newspaper, people, message, information, wolf, wife2. Put the following into English两张纸，一个姑娘的名字，汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友，二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有名女医生和男医生，这是Sue 和Susan共有的房间 3. choice1). During the _trip, the children learnt a lot A. ten-days B. ten days C. ten day D. ten days2）. I dont know whose motorbike it is. It might be my _. A. neighbors B. neighbours C. neighbour D. neighbours3）._it is ! A. What a fine weather B. What fine weather C. How fine weather D. How fine a weather4）. _ are watching TV now. A. Mr. Green B. The Green C. The Greens D. Mrs. Green 5）. Do you have _ time to take some exercise? A. some B. many C. any D. a few6）. Sam is _. But he is studying in China. A. England B. Englishman C. an English D. English7）. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some_? A. rices B. cakes C. orange D. a piece of bread8）. He doesnt know _ English because he has studied it for only _ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little9）. I asked her for _water, but she didnt have _. A. any, some B. any, any C. some, some D. some, any10）. I cant play because I have _work to do and _ books to read.A. many, many B. many, much C. much, many D. much, much11）. He was so thirsty that he drank _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water12）. The shop doesnt sell _. A. a watch B. watches C. watch D. watchs13）. My father bought two_yesterday. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple14）. There are twelve _in a year. A. month B. monthes C. months D. the month15）. There are a lot of _down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples16）. There _sheep in the field. A. are much B. is small C. is a few D. is a little17）. We walk with our _. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. a foot18）. It is not my dictionary. Its _. A. Ann B. Anns sister C. Ann sisters D. Anns sisters19）. Mr. Li is a friend of _. A. Johns uncle B. John uncles C. Johns uncles D. John uncle20）. _desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and Tom B. Ann and Toms C. Ann and Tom D. Anns and Toms21）. There are four chairs in my room, one in each_ A. side B. floor C. wall D. corner22）. Would you like fruit? -Yes, _is my favourite. A. tomato B. beef C. bread D.The pear二、数词1、写出1-110和2048，8563的基数词和序数词，基数与序数如何转换 _ /_ =1st _ /_ =2nd _ /_ =3rd _ /_ =4th _ /_ =5th _ /_ =6th _ /_ =7th _ /_ =8th _ /_ = 9th _ /_ =10th _ /_ =11th _ /_ =12th _ /_ =13th _ /_ = 14th _ /_ =15th _ /_ =16th _ /_ =17th _ /_ =18th _ /_ =19th _ /_ =20th _ /_ =21st _ /_ =22nd _ /_ =23rd _ /_ =24th _ /_ 25th _ / _ = 29th _ /_ =30th _ /_ = 40th _ /_ =50th _ /_ =60th _ /_ =70th _ /_ =80th _ /_ = 90th _ /_ =91st _ /_ =99th _ /_ =100th _ /_ =101st _ /_ = 102nd _ / _ = 110th_ /_ =_ /_ = _ 注意：序数词前一般用_表示“第几”：_ ninth girl 第九的一个女孩, _ eighteenth desk第十八的一张桌子； 但也可用_或_表示“再、又”，相当于another或基数词+more：_ ninth girl = _ nine girls = nine _ girls 再要九个女孩 基数与序数如何转换：名词+基数(每词首字母大写= the +序数+名词(每词的首字母小写) 第8单元: _ _ = the _ _ 5路公交车: _ _ 5 = the _ 5 _2、准确数与概数；钟点；时间长度距离名词等的表达法和用法 基数词+_ (百) /_(千)_ /_ (百万) +名词_，some /many /few /several (无基数词) _ (百) /_(千)_ /_ (百万) + _ +名词_ 点+分（30）=分+_ /_+点： 在5:20 at _ =at _ five, 点+分（30）=60-分+_+点+1：在4:40 at four _ = at _ five 译：9:28 _, _ 11:45 _, _ 基数+名词_+形容词相当于名词=基数-名词_-形容词复数：twelve _(岁) old = twelve-_ -_，而基数+名词_+形容词相当于形容词作定语 =基数-名词_-形容词：a twelve _(岁) old boy = a twelve-_-_ boy3、分数如何表示，作主语时谓语如何确定？ 组成： _(one)+_(有的加上连字符号)，谓语根据所修饰的_的数来确定谓语的数：3/4 _ _ = _ _, Six _ (11) of water _ run out of. Four _ (9) of apples _ in the bag.反馈练习：( )1.If you go out at night, youll be able to see _ starts.A. thousands of B. thousand ofC. nine thousands of D. thousands( )2.Monday is _ day of the week.A. first B. the first C. the second D. second( )3.Youve done it twice. Why not try _ time? A. third B. the third C. a third D. once( )4.Which is the_ month? Its September.A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety( )5.December is _ of the year.A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth monthC. the twelveth months D. twelve months( )6.There are _ floors in the building and he lives on the _ floor.A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenthC. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth( )7.I was born _, 1982.A. on June 2rd B. in June 2ndC. on June two D. on June 2( )8.Its _ from our home to the zoo.A. two and a half hours walkB. a half and two hours walkC. two hours and a half hours walkD. two and a half hours walk( )9.What time is it now? Its _ to six.A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto( )10.Will you be back in _ ?A. one or two minutes B. one minute or twoC. two minutes or one D. two or one minute( )11.Marys uncle went to France _.A. in his thirties B. on his thirtiesC. at his thirties D. about his thirties( )12.The headmaster wrote a _ report.A. two thousand words B.two-thousand-wordsC. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word( )13._of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.A. Two-third B. Second-thirdC. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds( )14.We have learned about _ these days.A. several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word( )15.A UN report says that the word population will pass six billion by the end of _ century.A. twentieth B. twentyC. the twentieth D. the twentyth三、代词1、人称代词的主格和宾格分别是哪些？如何区别使用？(写出) I _ you _ she _ they （作主语，位于动词前） _ us _ him _ it _ （作宾语，位于动词后）2、物主代词的名词性和形容词性分别是哪些？如何区别使用？(写出)my _ your his her _ their （不能单独用，后面须接名词）_ ours yours _ _ its _ (单独用，后不接名词) 注意its_, its _(汉语)3、人称代词使用时应注意1） 分清its和its : its 它的。 例如: The clock has its face. its=it is 例如：Its a toy clock.2）. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。 例如： His brother is a soldier. Mine is a driver and hers is an engineer. I left my clothes on the chair. Where _his? a friend of his/mine/yours= one of hisfriends3). A friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends; the watch of hers4). 冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如：a my cat(wrong)5). This/that +单数名词; these/those + 复数名词.6). In the dialogue, （it） can be used to refer to (this/that), （they ）refer to (these /those)7). that 可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词 例如：The weather today is finer than that yesterday. The radios made in Beijing are as good as those made in Shanghai.3、反身代词有哪些？(写出) 常与哪些动词或介词搭配？(6个动词，3个介词) myself _(我们自己) yourself yourselves _ (他自己) _ (她自己) itself _ (他们自己) (单独用，作宾语，一般不作主语) _ (教) /hurt /_(帮助) / dress / call /kill oneself; by / for / of/ be angry with oneself 注意：不可作定语表示某物是自己的，只能用名词+of ones own： a car of _ _ = _ _ car 我自己的车(不能说myself car或a car of myself)4、不定代词有哪些？(写出) 复合不定代词有哪些？(写出) 它们用什么代词代替？位置如何？ 不定代词：_ 两者都, _ 所有都, _ 一些，某一, _ 一些，任何一个, _ 两个中任一个, _两个都不, each, one, few, little 复合不定代词：everything, everybody, everyone, everywhere, anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere, something, somebody, someone, somewhere, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere 这些词指物用_代替，指人用_或_代替，有形容词修饰时放在这些单词后面。 同时区别以下不定代词：(1) little, few, a little, a fewlittle+不可数名词(否定意思), few+可数名词复数(否定意思), a little+不可数名词(肯定), a few+可数名词复数(肯定) The problem is very hard, _ people can work it out. There is _ rice, please buy some back home. I can speak only _ French, so I cant talk with them. Quite _ students like playing games. I saw _ boy playing with a cat on the playground. (思考：填a few变哪个单词)(2) any, some any+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于否定句和疑问句)；any +可数名词单数 表示任何一个(用于陈述肯定句) some+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于陈述肯定句或委婉语气的句子)；some+可数名词单数表示某一个.(用于陈述肯定句) I ask for _ help. _ girls are reading under the tree. People can fly to the moon _ day. Would you like _ fruit? _ girl likes hearing nice words. Do you want _ milk? Did he eat _ apples? Would you like coffee, water or tea? _ is OK. I dont mind.注意：some, any与 thing, body, one 构成的合成词的用法与some,any 一样(3) it, one, that, those, this it代替前文所指的物，特指，单数，也可代替天气、时间、距离、或形式主语与宾语，也可指人，当不知对方性别时用it。例如Where is your book? It is over there. It is rainy today. It is ten minutes walk from hereIt takes me ten minutes to walk from there. I found it very hard to learn grammar.The baby is crying. It may be hungry代替前文所指的物，复数用them。one代替上文所指的同一类物，泛指，可数单数，复数用ones。不可数用that代替，同时常用于两者比较中的另一者，如果是复数则用those代替，另外打电话询问对方是谁用that代替，不用you，而回答我是谁时用This is代替，不用Im。 I have a dog. _ is very clever. I have some toys, do you have _, Mike? Whos _? _ is Nick. I found _ easy to study English well. The weather in Chongqing is hotter than _ in Beijing in summer. Dont throw it like _. _ orange is redder than that _. The books in the library are much more than _ in the bookstore.反馈练习：It /that /one 用以指前文提到过的单数名词them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词1.The bag is in the middle of the road. Lets move _away.2. If you need an eraser, I can lend you _.3. If you need the eraser, I can lend _to you.4. I have a new coat and some old _.5. The story of my father is more interesting than _of mine.6. The weather here is warmer than _in Beijing.7. The temperature in the daytime is half of _at night.7.The exercises in this paper are much easier than _ in the mid-term paper.8. My radio is broken. I will buy a new _. 结论1、that, those 后常跟介词短语（that/those +介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用that 替代2、one/ones 前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。3、it 指前文提到的那个名词(4) no one, none, every one, everyone no one常指人，回答who，后不接of；而none指物或人均可，后可接of，回答how many或how much；every one 指人或物，后可接of，而everyone指人，后不接of。均表示数量是3或3者以上。 _ of us is here. _ are late. _ is happy to watch movies. _ of us is moved. -How many students are there in the classroom? - _. They are having P.E on the playground. -Who is in the classroom? - _. They are having P.E on the playground. -How much milk is there in the bottle? - _. Please give another one.(5) both, all, either, neither, any, none, each, every (注意：有的题答案不只一个)bothallneithernoneeitheranyeachevery数量=23=23=2323接of 可否可可可可可可可否名单复数复复单不单单单单可数与不可数可可、不可可、否可可可可可否单独用可可可可可可可否谓语(单复)复复、单三单复、单三单三单三单三单词组bothand.和.都(谓复)neithernor既不也不 (谓靠近) eitheror或者.或者(谓近)each otherevery three weeks每三天every other day每隔一天注意它们后接of时的名词均为复数或代词宾格，而all, none of后还可以接不可数名词。There are many buildings on _ side of street. There are many trees on _ side of playground. There are many building on _ sides of street. There are many trees on _ sides of playground._of the twins are good at English._the food in the shop has gone bad.He likes _the subjects in the school.Youd better use _your eyes and your mind when you are reciting the text. - Do you want bananas or pears? - _, Id like apples. - Do you want bananas or pears? - _is OK, I dont mind.He cant swim very well, I cant _. / _ can I . -Do you want bananas, oranges or pears? - _ , Id like apples. -Do you want bananas, orange or pears? - _ is OK, I dont mind. _ of them has spoken at the meeting. _ of them have spoken at the meeting. _ of your parents is at home. _ of your parents are at home.Lily and Lucy both like singing, but _ of them is good at dancing.The old man has six children, but _ of them would take care of him.Who is in the room? _.How much money is there in the box? _. It is empty. Each/every student has an English-Chinese dictionary. = _ of us has a English-Chinese dictionary.= We _ have an English-Chinese dictionary. I am _ a student nor worker. I am _ a student and worker. _ twin is reading in the room. _ boy in the class loves her. (6) many, much, too much, much too, many more, much more, too many, so many, so much (注意：有的题答案不只一个) many /too many /so many + 可数名词复数，many more +可数名词复数than ； much /too much /so much +不可数名词， much more +多音节形容词/副词(或不可数名词) than； much too +形容词原级(副词) We cant play with you because we have _ homework to do. Thi