染整专业英语词汇选ranzheng.docVIP

染整专业英语词汇选原料方面 涤纶：ployester 锦纶：nylon/polyamide醋酸：acetate 棉； cotton 人棉：rayon 真丝：silk 人丝：viscose 长丝： filament 短纤： spun 黑丝：black yarn 阳离子： cation 氨纶：spandex/elastic/strec/lycra纱线Yarns棉纱CottonYarns涤棉纱T/C&CVCYarns粘棉纱Cotton/RayonYarns棉晴纱Cotton/AcrylicYarns棉/氨纶包芯纱Cotton/SpandexYarns棉与其他混纺纱Cotton/OthersBlendedYarns毛纺系列纱线WoollenYarnSeries羊绒纱CashmereYarnSeries全羊毛纱Wool(100%)Yarns毛晴纱Wool/AcrylicYarns毛涤纱Wool/PolyesterYarns毛粘纱Wool/ViscoseYarns麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric 粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric 素色毛巾布：solid terry 素色卫衣布：solid fleece 彩条汗布color-stripes single jersey鱼网布：fleece里料： lining 面料：fabric 平纹：taffeta 缎面：satin / charmeuse 斜纹： twill 绡：lustrine 提花jacquard 烂花：burnt-out 格子： check 条子：stripe 双层：double layer 双色： two tone 花瑶： faille 雪纺：chiffon 高士宝：koshibo 乔其： georgette 塔丝隆： taslon 弹力布： spandex/elastic/strec/lycra 牛仔布： jeanet 牛津布： oxford 帆布： cambric黑条纺： black stripe 水洗绒/桃皮绒： peach skin 卡丹绒： peach twill 绉绒： peach moss玻璃纱： organdy染料方面 碱性染料： basic dyes 酸性染料： acid dyes 活性染料： reactive dyes 分散染料： disperse dyes 阳离子染料：cation dyes 还原染料： vat dyes 直接染料： direct dyes 硫化染料： sulphur dyes 非偶氮染料： azo free dyes 助剂、工艺及设备 singe v. 烧毛singeing n. 烧毛desize v.退浆desizing n. 退浆gray goods 坯布，本色布works n.工厂examine v.检查piece n.一匹，一片gas singeing 气体烧毛scour v.煮练，净化bleach v.漂白degumming n.脱胶kier n.煮布锅pad v.轧染，浸轧subject v.使受到 alkali n.碱impurity n.杂质calcium n.钙impregnate v.浸透，浸轧impregation n. 浸透，浸轧pile v.堆放liquor n.液squeezer n.轧车cylinder n.圆筒，烘筒，滚筒mercerize v. 丝光处理；碱化处理calico n.印花棉布，（英）平纹布filter v. 过滤 n.过滤器，过滤用物质shrink v.缩小，收缩lustrous n.有光泽的heat setting热定型majority n.大多数，大半woven adj.纺织的，织成的knit v.针织，编织preparatory adj.准备的，初步的release v.释放，放松strain n.张力，变形creasing n.折皱，皱纹bond n.键，接合，链合restraint n.约束，抑制orientation n.取向，定方位crystallinity n.结晶度（性）modify v.改变，改进，修饰hydrosetting n.湿（热）定型染色：dyeing,direct printing 直接印花transfer printing 转移印花thicken v.使变稠（厚，浓）roller printing滚筒印花screen printing筛网印花block printing模版印花carrier n.染色载体，运载工具engrave v.雕刻stenciling n.刻花版，刻版印花plate screen printing平网印花rotary screen printing圆网印花涂层：covering,coating， 复合：compound,composite, 印花：printing, 贴合：laminate, 磨毛：sanding, 压光：cire, calender,wash out colors（拔染）discharge print（拔染印花） softening and antistatic agents 柔软及抗静电剂 water and oil-repellent agents 防水防油整理剂insect-resist agents 防虫剂thickeners 增稠剂crosslinking agents 交联剂 emulsifiers 乳化剂氯漂白chlorinebleachspotting非氯漂白non-chlorinebleach漂白bleaching热（干态）dryheat热压hotpressing印花牢度printdurability摩擦轧光整理：friction finish 轧光整理：calender finish 起绒整理：fleece finish 阻燃整理：flame retardant finish 柔软整理：mellow finish 喷墨印花：busy print 扎染：tie dye 段染：space dye 颜料染色：pigment dye quickwash shrinkage tester 快速洗水缩水试验机 washing fastness tester 水洗牢度机 martindate aorasion tester 耐磨损测试机 universal strength tester 万能强力测试机 light fastness tester 日晒牢度仪 hank drier 绞纱烘燥机 liquid-flow hank dyeing machine 液流式绞纱染色机 normal temperature oscillating dyeing machine 常温振荡试样机 sparging（jet） dyeing machine 喷射式染色机 high temperature overflow dyeing machine 高温溢流染色机 high temperature and high pressure yarn dyeing machine 高温高压染纱机 atmospheric overflow dyeing machine 常温溢流染色机 rope impregnating mangle 绳状浸染机 resin finishing 树脂整理starch finishing 上浆 颜色方面 红色 red 朱红 vermeil; vermilion; ponceau 粉红 pink; soft red; rose bloom 玫瑰红 rose madder; rose 桃红 peach blossom; peach;橙色 orange 黄色 yellow 桔黄 orange; crocus; gamboge;深桔黄,深橙 deep orange 米黄 apricot cream cream 中黄 midium yellow嫩黄 yellow cream 绿色 green 橄榄绿 olive green olive水草绿 water grass green 深草绿 jungle green 灰湖绿 agate green 水晶绿 crystal green 中绿 medium green; golf green 浅绿 light green 淡绿 pale green蓝色 blue 天蓝 sky blue; azure celeste;蔚蓝 azure; sky blue 海洋蓝 ocean blue 紫色 purple; violet 紫罗兰色 violet 葡萄紫 grape 茄皮紫 aubergine; wineberry 玫瑰紫 rose violet 黑色 black 土黑 earth black 煤黑 coal black 橄榄黑 olive black 棕黑 sepia; brown black 白色 white 象牙白 ivory white; ivory 珍珠白 pear white gray lily 玉石白 jade white 灰色 grey; gray 银灰 silver grey;chinchilla; gray mom 铁灰 iron grey 铅灰 lividity; leaden grey 碳灰 charcoal grey 驼灰 doe 豆灰 rose dust棕色,褐色 brown 红棕 umber;chili 金棕 auburn 铁锈棕 rustic brown 桔棕 orange brown 橄榄棕 olive brown棕褐 summer tan 茶褐 auburn umber 黑褐 black brown 咖啡色 coffee 紫酱色 marron 茶色 umber;dun;dark brown 琥珀色 amber;succinite 栗色 chestnut;sorrel;marron 金色 gold 古金色 old gold 银色 silver;argent 铅色 lividity 锌色 zinc 铁锈色 rust 青古铜色 bronze;bronzy 黑古铜色 dark bronze 紫铜色 purple bronze 黄铜色 brassiness 驼色 camel;light tan 米色 beige; buff;cream;gray sand 卡其色 khaki 奶油色 cream 豆沙色 cameo 肉色 flesh , carnation;incarnadine; yellowish pink 水晶色 crystal 荧光色 iridescent产品检验及标准方面 质量标准： quality standard拉伸强度： tensile strength 客检： customer inspection 台板检验：table inspection 经向检验： lamp inspection 皂洗色牢度washing color fastness 色牢度color fastness 摩擦色牢度： rubbing / cricking color fastness 光照色牢度： light color fastness 汗渍色牢度： perspiration color fastness 水渍色牢度： water color fastness 尺寸稳定性： dimensional stability 外观持久性： appearance retention 撕破强度： tear strength 接缝滑裂： seam slippage 抗起毛起球性： pilling resistance 耐磨性： abrasion resistance 拒水性： water repellency 抗水性： water resistance 织物密度： thread per inch/stich density 纱支： yarn count 克重： weight 氯漂白色牢度： chlorine bleach color fastness 纤维成分fibrecomposition染料识别dyestuffidentification靛蓝染料纯度purityofindigo含水率moisturecontent可萃取物质extractablematter填充料和杂质量fillingandforeignmattercontent淀粉含量starchcontent甲醛含量formaldehydecontent甲醛树脂presenceofformaldehyderesin棉丝光度mercerisationincottonPH值PHvalue环保专业英语竞赛复习题.Words.15aerosols 气溶胶 / 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物 commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英 hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物 industrial fumes 工业烟尘industrial noise 工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染 liquid wastes 液体废物 litter 丢弃物 / 废气物 mercury contamination 汞污染 micropollutants 微污染物 mining wastes 采矿废物 motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物 municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染odour nuisance 恶臭公害organic pollutants 有机物污染pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物plastic wastes 塑料废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste 橡胶废物sewage 污水solid wastes 固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物 / 垃圾wood waste 木材废料biological weapons 生物武器cement industry 水泥工业chemical weapons 化学武器chimneys 烟囱motor vehicles 机动车辆motorcycles 摩托车nuclear weapons 核武器ocean dumping 海洋倾倒oil spills 石油泄漏scrap metals 废金属 excavation heaps 挖掘堆积 acoustic insulation 隔音chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫 filters 过滤器noise abatement 噪音治理pollution abatement equipment污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术radiation protection 辐射防护scrubbers 洗涤器separators 分离器smoke prevention 防烟 waste minimization 废物最少化 battery disposal 电池处理chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所incineration of waste 废物焚烧mine filling 矿山回填oil residue recuperation 残油回收recycled materials 回收的材料recycling 回收reuse of materials 材料再利用sanitary landfills 卫生填埋 sea outfall 海洋排泄口 septic tanks 化粪池 sewage disposal 污水处置sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统solid waste disposal 固体废物处置waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收waste use 废物利用water reuse 水的再利用Environmental problems Water pollution 水污染Air pollution 空气污染Global warming 温室效应Water quality 水质Wastewater 废水Environmental Monitoring 环境监测Pesticides 农药Fossil Fuel 化石燃料Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Surface runoff 地表径流Eutrophic 富营养化BOD 生化需氧量TOC 总有机碳Ecosystem 生态系统Metabolic activities 新陈代谢COD 化学需氧量Microorganism 微生物persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Population explosion 人口膨胀radioactive waste management放射性废物管理. Multiple choice: For each of the questions below there is one correct (or most appropriate) answer. X-out the letter identifying your choice of answer for each question on your exam-paper.1. Soil science include two main divisions, the one which studies soils as the habitat for plants and other organisms is calleda) Edaphologyb) pedology, c) soil science, d) geology2. Of the following weathering processes, the one belonging to physical weathering is a) hydrolysisb) carbonationc) hydrationd) abrasion caused by bombardment of minerals by materials suspended in wind 3. Soil porosity is a measure of pore space. It is usually inversely correlated witha) bulk density, b) particle density, c) texture, d) soil separates4. The quantity of water that a soil can release to plant is calleda) field capacity,b) permanent wilting point, c) available water capacity, d) plant available water5. Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is most soluble isa) CaHPO4 b) CaSO4.2H2Oc) KCld) CaCO3.6. Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is least soluble isa) Ca(H2PO4)2, b) CaSO4 2H2O, c) KCld) NH4NO3.7. A gardener uses a wheat straw-mulch between rows of cool-season vegetables (carrots, beets, radishes, etc.) which are successfully grown in the spring. In early summer, the mulch and plant residue is incorporated by cultivation before planting warm season plants (melons, squash, etc.). No fertilizer has been added for several years as the gardener practices “organic” gardening. The warm season plants show a chlorosis of the older leaves during rapid plant development. You suspect the cause to bea) microbial immobilization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.b) microbial mineralization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.c) microbial nitrification of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.d) potassium deficiency.8. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary decrease in ammonium-N, increase in nitrate-N, and decrease in pH isa) mineralization.b) nitrification.c) denitrification.d) immobilization.9. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary increase in ammonium-N isa) mineralization.b) nitrification.c) denitrification.d) immobilization.10. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing a decrease in nitrate-N under anaerobic conditions isa) mineralization.b) nitrification.c) denitrification.d) immobilization.11. When ammonia reacts with water, the result isa) increased nitrate and decreased pH. b）decreased nitrate and increased pH.c) increased ammonium and decreased pH. d) increased ammonium and increased pH.12. Available soil nitrogen may be lost as ammonia volatilization when nitrogen is present in the ammonium form anda) the soil is limed and then becomes hot and dry.b) b) the soil is limed and then becomes waterlogged.c) the ammonification process is reversed as a result of incorporating a fresh supply of easily decayed crop residue.d) denitrification takes place rapidly.13. The nitrogen fertilizer material that has the highest likelihood of being lost to the atmosphere as a result of surface soil reactions isa) ammonium nitrateb) ureac) ammonium sulfated)diammonium phosphate.14. The form of calcium absorbed by plants isa) Ca-b) Ca=c) Ca+d) Ca+15. A homeowner has a compost bin filled with oak leaves raked from their lawn last fall. The leaves have been maintained moist and turned about twice a month, but very little composting has occurred. You expect the composting process could be speeded up bya) turning the pile more frequently to improve aeration.b) adding N fertilizer.c) adding P fertilizerd) adding K fertilizer.16. The immobility of P in soils is primarily a result of orthophosphatesa) reacting with Ca in acid soils and Fe and Al in neutral and basic soilsb) being immobilized in soil organic matterc) reacting with Fe and Al in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soilsd) reacting with K in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soils.17. The acronym “CROPT” for five soil-forming factors meansa) climate, relief, organism, parent material and timeb) climate, tillage, organism, parent material and timec) climate, topography, organism, parent material and temperatured) climate, relief, organism, parent material and temperature18. The sodicity of irrigation water is evaluated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the threshold of SAR for an irrigation water is set at a) 5b) 9c) 11d) 1819. Of the following cases, the least soil erosion occurs with a) continuous fallow, b) no-tillage c) typical row crop d) corn-soybean rotation20. Layer silicate minerals are sometimes defined on the basis of the number of the octahedral positions occupied by cations. Normally, in a trioctahedral mineral, the cation is a) Mg2+b) Al3+c) Si4+d) Mn2+ III. Convert the following scientific terms into chemical symbols1) ammonium ion; 2) hydrochloric acid; 3) sulfuric acid; 4) tetravalent silicon cation; 5) ammonium nitrate; 6) gypsum; 7) calcite; 8) urea; 9) potassium chloride; 10) mono-ammonium phosphate. 答案：1) NH4+, 2) HCl; 3) H2SO4; 4) Si4+;5) NH4NO36) CaSO4.2H2O; 7) CaCO3; 8) (NH2)2CO; 9) KCl; 10) NH4H2PO4. Reading comprehention:AAre you doing all you can to recycle your rubbish? It only takes a minute to recycle and help reduce waste in your home as well as the costs of waste management. Here are some ideas to get you started.A Never throw away vegetable matter. Start a compost (混合肥料) bin in your garden. Youll be amazed how much this can reduce the bulk (体积) of your rubbish and its great for the garden, too.B Dont throw used containers in the rubbish. Get into the habit of sorting them into recycling categories (class or group of things)glass, aluminum (铝), plastics and paper.C Glass containers can be placed in the bottle banks at supermarket car parks throughout the city. Look for the big green bins. Or you can leave your bottles out for collection on Monday morning.D Aluminum cans can earn you cash so dont just throw them awaysave them and save money. Ring your council to find out when they collect.E Paper is easily recycled. Weekly collections are common in most areas. Make sure you place recyclable paper in the black bins provided. Ask the council offices if you dont already have a bin. But remember, waxed paper is not accepted.F Most plastic bottles and containers can be recycled. Look on the bottom of the container for the identification (识别) code.65.The following four pictures are mentioned in .A. Item A,C,D,F B. Item A,B,D,FC. Item B,D,E,F D. Item B,C,D,E66. You can make money by saving .A. paper B. glass bottlesC. plastic bottles D. aluminum cans67. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about waste management?A. All paper can be recycled. B. The recycling code is found on the side of plastic bottles.C. All plastic containers cant be recycled.D. You can put glass containers in the park.B As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the U.S.A. and Canada, is now without many living things.Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton (浮游生物). These organisms are the food of fish, birds, and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die, too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the rivers edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources, sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the homes, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water, birds, breaking down the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous materials in it, such as copper and lead.So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple. Sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water reservoirs. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.68. Pollution in water is noticed .A. when the first organisms are affected B. when a great many fish and birds dieC. when poisons are poured into water D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed69. The living things die because there is no in the lake or river.A. oxygen B. poison C. water D. fish70. What is the meaning of “waterproof , the underlined word in the third paragraph?A. Full of water. B. Covered with water.C. Not allowing water to go through. D. Cleaned by water.71.The way to stop water pollution is .A. to put oxygen into the river B. to realize the serious situation clearlyC.