新概念英语第一册笔记.doc

Lesson 30 What must I do?词汇（7）empty v. 倒空，使变空read v. 读sharpen v. 削尖，使锋利put on 穿上take off 脱掉turn on 开（电灯）turn off 关（电灯）empty adj. 空的 v. 使空；把倒出（移出）They emptied the house. 他们把房屋搬空了。 v. 流出；走出The river emptied itself into the sea. 河水流入大海。It was raining, and the streets began to empty.天下起了雨，街上的行人开始稀少了。 adj. 空的Her purse is empty. 她的钱包是空的。 adj. 空虚的，无意义的Its an empty dream. 这是个不现实的梦想。Officials were flattered by empty complements.官员们被空洞的恭维话弄得心里美滋滋的。 adj. 呆板的，毫无表情的She looked at him with empty eyes. 她木然地看着他。He said all this in an empty voice.他用一种呆板声调说了这一切。Lesson 31 Wheres Sally?词汇（10）garden n. 花园under prep. 在这下tree n. 树climb v. 爬，攀登who pron. 谁 run v. 跑grass n. 草，草地after prep. 在之后across prep. 横过，穿过cat n. 猫climb v. 爬，攀登 v. 攀登，攀爬（树、山等） v. 逐步上升（增长）The temperature is climbing steadily. 温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。The price of gold climbed back. 金价逐渐回升了。 v. （在社会地位等方面）往上爬He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder.他正努力爬到社会的最顶层。He has climbed to a very high position in his field.他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。run v. 跑 v. 跑，奔跑run across the grass：跑过草地 v. 流动；流出The current is running strong. 水流湍急。Her eyes ran with tears. 她落泪了。v. 追赶；追逐；追求run after：追逐Many young men are running after that girl. 许多年轻人在追求那个姑娘。 语法时态：共十六种时态，时态是通过动词变化来实现的。学习方法：1 首先了解概念2 时态动词变化规则、时间的状态现在进行时：1、概念表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或事情表示现阶段正在进行或发生，但说话的此刻动作不一定进行可以表示将来（多用于移动性动词，并且后面要加将来的时间）移动性动词：go /come /return /move2、结构：肯定句：S. + be + v.-ing否定句：S. + be + not + v.-ing一般疑问句：Be + S. + v.-ing ?回答：Yes, S. + be/ No, S. + be + not特殊疑问句：What + be + S. + v.-ing?3、动词变化：V-ing4、时间：now课文JEAN:Wheres Sally, Jack?JACK:Shes in the garden, Jean.JEAN:Whats she doing?JACK:Shes sitting under the tree.JEAN:Is Tim in the garden, too?JACK:Yes, he is. Hes climbing the tree.JEAN:I beg your pardon? Whos climbing the tree?JACK:Tim is.JEAN:What about the dog?JACK:The dogs in the garden, too. Its running across the grass. Its running after a cat.Lesson 32 Whats he/she/it doing?词汇（12）type v. 打字letter n. 信basket n. 篮子eat v. 吃bone n. 骨头clean v. 清洗tooth n. （复数 teeth）牙齿cook v. 做（饭菜）milk n. 牛奶meal n. 饭，一顿饭drink v. 喝tap n. （水）龙头cook v. 做（饭菜） v. 烹调；煮，烧She cooked a lovely meal for her husband.The beef is not cooked enough. 牛肉煮得不够熟。 n. 厨子，炊事员Tom works as a cook in a local restaurant.My dad is really a good cook.Lesson 33 A fine day词汇（15）day n.日子cloud n.云sky n. 天空 in the skysun n. 太阳shine v. 照耀 sunshinewith prep. 和在一起family n. 家庭（成员）walk v. 走路, 步行over prep.跨越，在之上bridge n. 桥boat n. 船river n. 河ship n. 轮船aeroplane n. 飞机fly v. 飞day n.日子Sunday：5sQndi星期天Monday：星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday：星期三Thursday：星期四Friday：星期五Saturday：星期六with prep. 和在一起be with：和在一起Mrs.Liu is with those children.walk v. 走路, 步行walk over：走过They are walking over the bridge.on foot 步行（介词短语）They are going to school on foot. boat n. 船ship n. 轮船boat指河中行驶的小船，ship一般指海洋中行驶的大船。aeroplane n. 飞机飞机正式用语：aeroplane（英语）、airplane（美语）；非正式用语：plane课文It is a fine day today.There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining.Mr. Jones is with his family.They are walking over the bridge.There are some boats on the river.Mr. Jones and his wife are looking at them.Sally is looking at a big ship.The ship is going under the bridge.Tim is looking at an aeroplane.The aeroplane is flying over the river.课文注释Mr. Jones is with his family. 句中with是介词，表示“和一起”。family指“家里的人”或“家庭成员”。Lesson 34 What are they doing?词汇（6）sleep v. 睡觉shave v. 刮脸cry v. 哭，喊wash v. 洗wait v. 等jump v. 跳sleep v. 睡觉 v. 睡觉I was so excited that I could hardly sleep. n. 睡眠；睡觉He had a good sleep last night.jump v. 跳 v. 跳跃；跃过They jumped off the wall and ran off. 他们从墙上跳下去跑掉了。 v. 略去；跳过He jumped the first grade in college.他跳过大学一年级（指跳级直接升入二年级）。 v. 突然上升；猛增They jumped the registration fees from 20 to 50.他们把注册费从20涨到50。His companys profits jumped surprisingly last year.他所在公司去年的利润令人惊异地飞速增加。语法动词+ing的规则：1、一般的词直接加-ing：readreading2、以-e结尾，要去掉-e，然后再加-ing：shaveshaving以-ee结尾，直接加-ing：seeseeing3、重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾如果只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，然后再加-ing：sitsitting重读闭音节：一般单音节都为重读闭音节：五个元音字母在单词里，发本身的字母音是开音节，如果不是发本身的字母音就是闭音节。4、一般双音节重读音节必须在第二个音节，第二个音节里有一个元音和辅音的单词要双写，加ing。enterentering；referreferringLesson 35 Our village词汇（14）photograph n. 照片village n. 村庄valley n. 山谷between prep. 在之间hill n. 小山another det. 另一个wife n. 妻子along prep. 沿着bank n. 河岸water n. 水swim v. 游泳building n. 大楼，建筑物park n. 公园into prep.进入photograph n. 照片I want to take a photo. picture 照片（美）take a photograph/ picture of sb. 给某人拍照“的”用of，无生命的东西表示所属a photograph of a city/ our villagehill n. 小山hill：不高的小山丘mount：名山，山的专有名词mountain：大型的，高山range：山区，山脉，连绵起伏的群山water n. 水（不可数名词）waters 水域swim v. 游泳go swimming 去游泳park n. 公园 v. 停车No parking. 不许停车语法短语动词：短语动词通常是指后面常跟一个介词或副词短语的动词，即动词+介词或副词小品词。英语（特别是非正式的、惯用的英语）中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词的强烈趋势。最常见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词构成的，这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合，如along，down，in，off，on，out，over，under等。而且一个短语本身也可能有几种不同的意义。go into 走进；进入 进入；介入Theyre going into the business world. 他们正步入商界。sit on 坐在上 拖延（口语）；压下They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible.他们正试图尽可能拖延时间不把这个坏消息讲出去。run along 沿着跑The dogs are running along the river banks. 离开；走开Its getting dark, we must run along. 天黑了，我们得走了。Lesson 36 Where？ 词汇（2）beside prep. 在旁off prep. 离开Lesson 37 Making a bookcase 词汇（8）work v. 工作hard adv. 努力地make v. 做bookcase n. 书橱，书架hammer n. 锤子paint v. 上漆，涂pink n.& adj. 粉红色favourite adj. 最喜欢的work v. 工作 v. 工作；劳动He works 45 hours per week. v. 从事职业He works as a bank clerk. v. 学习；做作业If you work hard, youll pass your exams. n. 工作；劳动；作业；职业He is without work. 他失业了。He wants to have a good sleep after a days work.bookcase 书橱，书架bookshelf 书架bookseller 书商bookshop 书店（英）bookstore 书店（美）bookmark 书签bookwarm 书虫mark：考试分数，标记 paint v. 上漆，涂 v. 上漆，涂 v. （用颜料）画Who painted this picture? v. 描写；描绘His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe.他的小说描绘了有关欧洲乡村生活的的宁静画面。 n. 油漆；涂料；颜料Wet Paint! 油漆末干！I bought a box of paints. 我买了一盒颜料。painter 画家，油漆工writer 作家，抄字工painting 画picture 画片（总称）cartoon 卡通图画sketch 草图drawing 铅笔画，素描pink n.& adj. 粉红色in the pink 健康pink-collar 粉领的，职业妇女的white-collar 白领的blue-collar 蓝领的golden-collar 金领pink lady 红粉佳人pink slip 解雇通知书语法be going to 句型含义：1、打算、准备在最近做某事（在非正式语体中，一般多用be going to，而不用will）2、表示按计划、安排要发生的事3、表示预言即将要发生某事结构：陈述句：am/is/are +going to+V原We are going to make a bookcase.She is going to cry. It is going to rain.疑问句：将助动词be提至句首变为一般疑问句。否定句：在助动词后面加上not可以变为否定句。宾语补足语：I am going to paint it pink.We call him little fatty.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事for：为（be for）to：（方向）去Lesson 38 What are you going to do? What are you doing now?词汇（3）homework n. 作业listen v. 听dish n. 盘子，碟子homework n. 作业do ones homework 做家庭作业housework 家务活do the housework 做家务活homeland 祖国homemade 家里自制的homesick 思乡lovesick 相思hometown 家乡listen vi. 听（表示听的动作）listen to 听某人讲话Listen to the music!hear vt. 听见（表示结果）Can you hear me?hear of 听说I have heard of this story a lot.hear from sb. 收到某人来信vt. 及物动词：后边直接跟宾语vi. 不及物动词：不可直接跟宾语，必须加了介词才可以跟宾语dish n. 盘子，碟子a homely dish 一道家常菜plate 盘子Lesson 39 Dont drop it! 词汇（6）front n. 前面in front of 在之前careful adj. 小心的，仔细的vase vB:zn. 花瓶 drop v. 掉下flower n. 花front n. 前面；adj. 前面的front line 前排，前线front page news 头版新闻in front of 在前面in front of 在前面（不属于同一范围）There is a garden in front of the building.The vase is in front of you.in the front of 在前部（属于同一范围）There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.careful adj. 小心的，仔细的care n. 照料，照顾；v. 关心，顾虑，照顾take care of =look after 照顾某人You must take care of (look after) her.medical care 医疗护理special care 特殊护理skin care 皮肤护理hair and skin care I dont care. 我不在乎Who cares? 谁管他，管他呢careful adj. 仔细的careless adj. 粗心的carefully adv 仔细的Lucy is a careful girl. /Lucy is careful.Be careful! 小心点Look out! 小心，当心Mind yourself! 小心一点儿！Mind your own business. 管好你自己的事。Watch your step! 小心滑倒drop v. 掉下 v. （失手）落下；掉下；放下She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone.她放下刀叉赶紧去接电话。 v. （使）滴下；滴水Tears dropped from her face. v. （使）下降；降低He dropped his voice.Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8 below zero.语法祈使句1、普通动词原形+其它（名词或代词）Help yourself! 请自己动手。Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！2、be 动词 + 形容词Be quiet!祈使句的否定形式是在其前边加 Dont.Dont be silly!某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是带to的动词不定式结构。Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.do的用法 助动词：to do with 实义动词：Dont do that. Lesson 40 What are you going to do? Im going to 词汇（3）show v. 给看send v. 送给take v. 带给send v. 送给 v. 送给；寄Ill send him a present. v. 差遗；命（请）去He sent his secretary for a doctor.Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries.语法词组：动词+介词put on 穿上take off 脱下动词加介词的词组，再加名词，名词可以放中间，也可以放后边；而如果是动词加代词的词组，则只能放中间。Put your coat on! = Put on your coat!Put it on!Lesson 41 Pennys bag 词汇（8）cheese n. 乳酪，干酪bread n. 面包soap n. 肥皂chocolate n. 巧克力sugar 5FuEn. 糖 coffee n. 咖啡tea n. 茶tobacco tE5bAkEun. 烟草，烟丝 bar n. 条；块He has just had a chocolate bar. n. （门、窗的）闩；杆He is now behind bars.他现在被关在监狱里。（bar指窗上装有铁栅栏，behind bars是一种非正式固定用语，意为in prison，关在监狱里） n. 酒吧（间）The bar is very crowded.pound n. 磅；常衡磅；金衡磅It weighs 15 pounds. n. 英磅（全称为pound sterling）Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.半磅咖啡的价格是一英镑。课文注释1、Put it on this chair. 把它放在这把椅子上。在没有扶手的椅子上用on，在有扶手的椅子上用in。2、表示数量的短语：a piece of 一张a loaf of 一个a bar of 一条a bottle of 一瓶a pound of 一磅half a pound of 半磅a quarter of 四分之一a tin of 一听Lesson 42 Is there ain/on that?词汇（3）bird n. 鸟any det. 一些some det. 一些Lesson 43 Hurry up! 词汇（7）of course 当然kettle n. 水壶behind prep.在后面teapot n. 茶壶now adv. 现在，此刻find v. 找到boil v. 沸腾，开of course 当然（口语）certainly 当然（口语和书面语）sure 当然（美语多用）find 找到（表示结果） v. 找到；寻得It is most important to find a suitable person for the job. v. 找出；查明Shall we ever find an answer to the tough problem?我们能找出解决这一难题的办法吗？It is found that 70% of college students have part-time jobs.已查明，有70%的大学生做兼职工作。look for 寻找的动作，不强调结果We are looking for a lost pen. But it is not sure you can find it.find out 寻找，找到，查明事情的真相、原由search 搜查，搜索discover 探索，发现（让别人重新认识）Discovery 探索invent 发现，发明（全新的事物）boil v. 沸腾，开 v. 开，滚；沸腾When water boils it changes into steam. 水沸腾时会变成蒸气。 v. （海等）翻腾；汹涌The stormy sea is boiling. 暴风雨中的大海汹涌起伏。 v. （人、感情等）激动；发怒Seeing the national flag made me boil. 看着国旗，我心潮澎湃。make the tea 沏茶make up 编造，下定，化妆make up ones mind 下定某人决心make v. 做 v. 制作；创造Hollywood can make the most famous film stars in world.好莱坞可以造就世界上最著名的影星。 v. 产生，引起；导致You have made a serious mistake.Dont make so much noise, please! v. 整理；料理；准备The coffee is made. 咖啡煮好了。语法情态动词can的用法can是情态动词，本身不表示动作，表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观可能等。它必须与其他动词连用，本身没有人称和数格的变化。Can的否定形式为can not，cannot或cant（省略式）。I can make the tea.I cant make the tea.Can you make the tea?Yes, I can. /No, I cant.What can you/ I do?课文注释The kettles boiling!这里的kettle=water in the kettle。用容器来指代容器内的东西是一种修辞格，叫借代（metonymy）。Lesson 45 The bosss letter 词汇（6）can modal verb 能够boss n. 老板，上司minute n. 分（钟）askv.请求，要求handwritingn. 书写terribleadj. 糟糕的，可怕的minute n. 分（钟）a minute/ one minute 一分钟；一会儿terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的 adj. 可怕的；骇人的This is a picture of terrible new weapons.这是一张可怕的新式武器的图片。 adj. 困难的；费劲的Who can accomplish this terrible task? adj. 极度的；非常严重的Ive got a terrible headache. adj. 糟透的（口语）；很蹩脚的She is terrible at maths. 她的数学很蹩脚。Lesson 46 Can you ?词汇（3）lift v. 拿起，搬起，举起cake n. 饼，蛋糕biscuit biskitn. 饼干 lift v. 拿起，搬起，举起 v. 提；抬；举The elderly lady lifted her eyes from the book.那位年长的女士从书本上抬起眼睛。 v. 提高；搞高地位This polity lifted Chinese exports of silk.这项政策提高了中国丝绸的出口量。Lesson 47 A cup of coffee词汇（2）like v. 喜欢，想要want v. 想like v. 喜欢，想要 v. 喜欢 v. 想要；希望有Would you like some coffee?want v. 想 v. 想要；希望want sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事The boss wants Pamela to type a letter for him. v. 需要My leather shoes want cleaning. 我的皮鞋需要擦擦了。Those drooping flowers want water.那些正在枯萎的花朵需要水分。语法一般现在时概念：1、 经常的习惯或反复的动作2、 现在的事实或状态描述3、 自然界的客观真理或事实4、 在口语中可代替一般将来时结构：1、肯定句： S + be S + V原形 S + V(e)s：第三人称单数I want an apple.She likes apples.2、否定句： S +be +not S +dont +V S +doesnt +V3、一般疑问句： Be +S +?第一种结构变疑问句要把be动词提前 Do +S+V原+?Do you ? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. Does +S +V原 +?Does she ?Yes, she does./No, she doesnt. 课文注释I like black coffee.black coffee是指不加牛奶或咖啡伴侣的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡叫white coffee，black tea 红茶。Lesson 48 Do you like ? Do you want ?词汇（16）fresh adj. 新鲜的egg n. 鸡蛋butter n. 黄油pure adj. 纯净的honey n. 蜂蜜ripe adj. 成熟的banana n. 香蕉jam n. 果酱sweet adj. 甜的orange n. 橙Scotch whisky 苏格兰威士忌choice adj. 上等的，精选的apple n. 苹果wine n. 酒，果酒beer n. 啤酒blackboard n. 黑板语法序数词1stfirst2ndsecond3rdthird4thfourth5thfifth6thsixth7thseventh8theighth9thninth10thtenth11theleventh12thtwelfth英语中序数词必须与定冠词（the）连用。如：the 1th month，the twelfth century（12世纪）Lesson 49 At the butchers词汇（11）butcher5butFE n. 卖肉的 meat n. 肉beef n. 牛肉lamblAm n. 羔羊肉 husband n. 丈夫steak steikn. 牛排 mince minsn. 肉馅，绞肉 chicken n. 鸡tell v. 告诉 truth n. 实情either adv. 也（用于否定句）butcher n. 卖肉的 在英文表示“某一商店”的商店中，往往可以把shop省略，如课文中的the butchers (shop)和the greengrocers (shop)，类似的例子还有the hairdressers (shop)，the stationers (shop)，the docters (office)，my mothers (house)等。tell v. 告诉 tell the truth 说实话tell a lie 撒谎tell a story 讲故事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事say 说话，强调说话的内容say to oneself 自言自语speak 讲话，强调说话的动作，讲某种语言speak to sb. 和某人讲话speak of sb. /sth. 谈到某人/某事 Do you speak English?talk 谈话，谈论某些事情 talk about 谈论关于talk of 谈到talk show 脱口秀talk to sb. 和某人谈话chat 聊天 chat room 聊天室 chitchathave a chat with sb./chat with sb. 和某人聊天truth n. 实情，事实true adj. 真实的come true 梦想成真true lie 真实的谎言either adv. 也（用于否定句）either一般用于否定句,位于句末，前面通常有逗号。too常用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句，但不能用于否定句。常见于句末，too前常有逗号；如果不在句末，too前后都应当有逗号。 语法动词加 s(es) 规则1、一般动词直接加-s2、s, x, sh, ch, z 结尾的单词加 -es 变化push - pushespass - passescatch - catchesfix - fixesbuzz - buzzeswatch - watcheswash - washes3、辅音字母加y 结尾，要变y为i加es.try - triesworry - worriesstudy - studiescry - cries4、辅音字母+o+esdo - doesgo - goes动词不定式动词不定式不能作谓语，其它的都可作。动词不定式就是to+动词原型。to tell you the truth 告诉你实话吧（动词不定式短语）To say is one thing. To do is another. 说是一回事，做又是一回事。some、any用法：some/any +可数名词复数/不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句；但在征求对方意见时希望得到对方肯定答复，some可用于疑问句I want some books.I dont want any books.Do you want any books?What about? 怎么样？（征求对方意见）Would you like? 你愿意吗？Would you like some bread?Lesson 50 He likes But he doesnt like词汇（9）tomato n. 西红柿 potato n. 土豆 cabbage n. 卷心菜 lettuce5letis n. 莴苣 pea n. 豌豆 bean n. 豆角 pear pZEn. 梨 grape n. 葡萄 peach n. 桃 Lesson 51 A pleasant climate词汇（26）Greece n. 希腊- Greek：希腊人climate n. 气候 country n. 国家pleasant adj. 宜人的weather n. 天气spring n. 春季 in springwindy adj. 有风的warm adj. 温暖的rain v. 下雨sometimes adv. 有时summer n. 夏天autumn n. 秋天winter n. 冬天snow v. 下雪January n. 1月February n. 2月March n. 3月April n. 4月May n. 5月June n. 6月July n. 7月August n. 8月September n. 9月October n. 10月November n. 11月December n. 12月climate n. 气候 （指某一地区数年间的天气情况）weather n. 天气（指某个特定的时间内睛、雨、风雪变化）Whats the weather like? 天气怎么样？Whats the climate like? 气侯怎么样？like vt. 喜欢，想要 prep. 象一亲友be like 象She is like her brother. look like 看起来象They look like twins.The new building looks like a big bird.feel like +n.或Ving 喜欢country n. 国家nation n. 国家，民族state n. 国家，政府，州land n. 陆地，国家（书面语） v. 登陆homeland n. 祖国，本国motherland n. 祖国pleasant adj. 宜人的 令人愉快的；舒适合意的This study is pleasant to work in. 在这个书房里工作令人感到舒适。 （人或其外表、举止等）讨人喜欢；（性情等）和蔼可亲的Adrew seemed very pleasant on the phone.安德鲁在电话里显得很和蔼可亲。present adj. 现在的 n. 礼物peasant=farmer n. 农民president n. 总统，会长，移民parent 父母亲中的一方windy adj. 有风的windy joy 空欢喜joy FM. 欢乐调频Always look for the joy in life. 永远在生命中寻找快乐！sometimes adv. 有时time 时间，次数some times 一些次数I have been there some times.sometime 某时When will you come here?Im not sure. Maybe sometime next week.Sometime I go shopping with my friends.some time 一些时间Give me some time to think it over.Have you made up your mind about this?I need some time to think it over.fall n. 秋天（美） vi. 倒下，落下legend 传奇Legends of the Fall 秋日传