《怎样做阅读理解题》doc版.doc

怎样做阅读理解题 摘自自学考试题库网站阅读理解试题有三段文章构成，每段文章下有若干个问题或不完整的句子，要求从题后的四个选择项中选择一个最符合文章意思的答案。它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力。具体地说，它的题目可能涉及的方面主要有：一、词或短语的意思。要求确定对了解所读材料的主旨大意、关键事实和对细节有影响的词语的意思；二、句和句内容之间的联系。要求考生既能理解个别句子的意思，又能理解上下文的逻辑关系；三、文章的主题思想和大意。要求确定文章的中心思想、段落大意或设想文章的标题；四、句子和文章内在的涵义及推理。要求既能理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；五、文章作者的态度。要求根据文章叙事的口气，判断作者的态度和倾向。阅读理解题在整个考题中篇幅是最大的，因此它不仅要求考生能读懂，还要求有一定的阅读速度。既然它的目的是检查考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，我们就只要求采取浏览的方式把握文章传递的主要信息，不能像精度课一样逐字逐句地分析钻研，以免耗费过多的时间。根据英语叙事文和议论文的特点，我们在阅读一篇材料时，要特别注意文章的第一段，尤其是它开头的一、两句话。因为这些话往往交待了这篇文章要讨论的问题，它的主题也就清楚了。以后的文字只不过是针对主题进行铺叙或举证说明。如样题（一）相应部分的第一篇文章，它的第一句话 Whenever art has function, the function influences and often determines the form. 就提出了“功能决定形式”这个思想，下面的所有文字都是围绕这个思想展开的。它的第一题也是以这句话为基础设计的。就以后的每一段文字来说，最要注意的也是它的前一、两句话。还以这篇文字为例，它的第二段第一句说 Door keys offer another interesting example. 我们说它是这段文字的“主题句”，它告诉我们下面要说的都是关于“钥匙”的事。而提起钥匙，也是为了要证明“功能决定形式”这一大的主题的。 有的文章摘引得比较完全，这时我们还要注意它最后的几句话。它们可能是作者所下的结论，这也往往成为命题的目标。至此，我们可以说已了解了这篇材料的大意，可以准备答题了。答题时，我们可能从题目本身或所提供的四个供选择的答案中得到一些启示，帮助我们回头从文章中找到一些相关的句子，仔细看一看，总结出正确的答案。由于问题有限，与问题有关的重要句子也是有限的。对那些与问题无关的句子，我们常常可以把它们忽略，不必细究。 在阅读中遇到了我们不熟悉的生词怎么办？要是这个生词不在答题需要的句子中，完全可以忽略不顾。如果是在那些关键的句子中，我们可以根据上下文得意思猜一猜，常常可以收到效果。事实上，只要对句子的大意有了眉目，即使对其中某个生词的理解不很有把握，也不一定有很大影响。最后，要是遇到某个题实在做不出来，不要停留在那儿不动。要果断地跳过那道题，等到把会做的题做完了，这时你对整篇文章的意思可能有了更深的理解，再回过头来试试这道题，也许就可猜中它的答案了。大学英语单项训练各项练习是按由易到难的原则安排的，这样可以适应不同级别的考生的需要。如果准备时间不够，参加“英语（一）自学考试”的考生，可以只做每章练习的前三分之二左右。当然，如果时间允许，把练习都做完，效果将更好。阅读理解练习1 1 The marker is a concept . If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the marker. Your efforts are being directed by the marker. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the marker. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.When you spend you income, you are buying things from the marker. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The marker may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, its very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it wont be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. Its telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesnt want you do.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Selling and BuyingB. What Is the MarketC. Everything You Do Is Producing for the MarketD. What the Market Can Do for You?2. All of the following acts are producing for the market except _.A. working in a bankB. printing a bookC. attending a night schoolD. growing beans for sale3. You are buying from the market when you _.A. borrow a book from the library.B. look after your childrenC. drive to the seaside for a holidayD. dine at a restaurant4. The word real in the last paragraph may most probably mean _.A. seriousB. trueC. importantD. concrete5. In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something?A. It tells you what to produce.B. It tells you how to grow tomatoes.C. It provides you with everything you need.D. It helps you save money.2After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.Nobels original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $30,000 to $125,000.Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobels death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared prizes.6. When did the first award ceremony take place?A. 1895B. 1901C. 1962D. 19687. Why was the Nobel Prize established?A. To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity.B. To resolve political differences.C. To honor the inventor of dynamite.D. To spend money8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Awards vary in monetary value.B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobels invention.C. Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners.D. A few individuals have won two awards.9. In which area have Americans received the most awards?A. literatureB. peaceC. economicsD. science10. In how many fields are prizes bestowed（授予)?A. 2B. 5C. 6D. 10 3Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortunately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale, waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During the most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms (600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.11. According to the passage, destruction caused by high waves occurs _.A. regularlyB. rarelyC. alwaysD. predictably12. We know from this passage that out at sea, when waves going in opposite directions meet, their force _.A. causes great damageB. extends to the ocean floorC. is liable to lessenD. increase rapidly13. It is clear from the passage that coastal depth _.A. is the only factor influencing the strength of high wavesB. influences the power of high wavesC. has no influence upon the strength of very high wavesD. is irrelevant to the question of the power of high waves14. From the second paragraph of the passage we know that the power of very high waves striking the shore is _.A. constantB. equalizedC. variableD. perpetual15. From your reading of the passage, which of the following is true?A. At a depth of 1,200 feet the effects of a violent surface storm are frightful.B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea can stir up the ocean floor.D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds, the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.4Why dont birds get lost on their long flights from one place to another? Scientists have puzzled over this question for many years. Now theyre beginning to fill in the blanks.Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain night-flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights.A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The birds cage was placed under a artificial star-filled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the artificial stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation. When the stars are hidden by clouds, they apparently find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when its too dark to see these, the doves circle helplessly, unable to find their way.16. The reason why birds dont get lost on long flights _.A. has been known to scientists for yearsB. has only recently been discoveredC. is known by everyoneD. will probably remain a mystery17. During daylight hours, birds _.A. fly aimlesslyB. rely on landmarksC. use the sun for guidanceD. are more likely to get lost18. By his outdoor cousins the author means _.A. other experimentersB. the other doves of the same broodC. doves under the natural skyD. other birds in general19. The experiment with the dove indicated that _.A. birds have to the taught to navigateB. a bird that has been caged will not fly long distancesC. some birds cannot fly at nightD. some birds seem to follow the stars when they fly at night20. In total darkness, doves _.A. use landmarksB. dont know which way to flyC. fly back homeD. wait for the stars to appear5With the invention and development of television, entertainment has grown much more visual in character and is demanding less and less use of the imagination, considered by many to be mans greatest faculty; but its greatest inadequacy lines in its inability to exercise just those creative powers in men which are called upon and developed in the pursuit of a worth while hobby. This lack is not serious while a man is still fully employed in his day-to-day work which itself often gives him opportunities to create either with his hands or with his mind. At this time he seeks only some form of relaxation in his leisure. There comes a time, however, when he must retire from his occupation on account of age, and it is then that these shallower pastimes, useful enough as a form relaxation, might cease to satisfy the hitherto active man. Today, many elderly people are finding this to be true, and seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement, which reveals itself in a short temper and slow degeneration of health, the two most common symptoms.21. The writer criticizes visual entertainment because _.A. it does not require mens creative powersB. it cannot improve our intelligence and skillC. it demands too much of our imaginationD. it leads men to slow degeneration in health22. What is regarded as mens greatest faculty?A. Entertainment.B. Character.C. Hobbies.D. imagination.23. While fully employed, men look for _.A. visual entertainment that requires imagination in their leisureB. opportunities to create either with their hands or with their minds in their leisureC. something that will help them relax in their leisureD. creative hobbies in their leisure24. The elderly people find _.A. that shallower pastimes can no longer satisfy themB. it unnecessary to cultivate creative hobbies in their younger daysC. retirement unnecessaryD. relaxation most suitable for their age25. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. hobbies are more important to the youth than to the elderly peopleB. we should develop worthwhile hobbies when we are youngC. in ancient time entertainment was more visual in characterD. hobbies are not important in the health of modern men 参考答案：1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B16. B 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. B21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B阅读理解练习2 1 After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!1. A good title for this passage is _.A. SleepB. Good HealthC. DreamsD. Work and Rest2. The word drowsy in the last paragraph means _.A. sickB. stand upC. asleepD. a little sleepy3. The passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _.A. dream more oftenB. have poor healthC. nervousD. breathe quickly4. During REM, _.A. your eyes move quicklyB. you dreamC. you are restlessD. both A and B5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is _.A. approximately six hoursB. around ten hoursC. about eight hoursD. not stated here2To the curious and the courageous, the sea still presents the challenge of the unknown, for ignorance is still the distinguishing characteristic of mans relation to the sea. But now, more than ever, necessity urges us onward in our exploration of the sea. We now have submarines capable of staying under water of many months holding missiles capable of destruction many times greater than those used in World War II. For strategic reasons, therefore, we need urgently to learn more about the ocean bottom. Quite apart from the threat of war, another necessity presses us to learn to master the sea. That necessity is basic to life itself: food. The lives of two-third of the worlds people are wholly dictated by that basic necessity, they are oppressed by hunger and by the weakness and disease which hunger generates. Out of the sea we can extract the food to relieve the hunger of these millions of people and give dignity to their lives. We must turn to the sea, because the bounty of the land has limit.6. The best title of the passage may be _.A. Challenge of the UnknownB. Worlds Food ProblemC. Conquering the SeaD. The Unknown World7. Which of the following statements is true?A. The sea is of special importance to the curious and the courageous.B. The sea may be a potential threat to man.C. Submarines may help us conquer the sea.D. As yet, we still dont know much about the sea.8. Modern submarines can _.A. destroy all the natural resources at the ocean bottomB. stay under water for months without returning to their base for suppliesC. be the one and only answer to win the next warD. be economically used as transport vessels9. The author implies that _.A. the ocean may hold the key to solving the worlds food problemB. the advance of science and technology is a threat to human existenceC. conquering the sea may ultimately mean the conquest of the worldD. food shortage drives people to war10. Wisely explored and fairly distributed of its harvest, the sea stands for _.A. a mighty threatB. an unseen enemyC. a great challengeD. a potential promise3It is a matter of common observation that although incomes keep going up over the years, people never seem to become much better off! Prices are rising continuously. This condition is termed one of inflation; the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable. People have grown accustomed in recent years to higher and higher rates of inflation. What could be bought ten years ago for one dollar now costs well over two dollars. Present indications are that this rate of inflation is tending to rise rather than to fall. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices one might think that inflation does not matter. But it does. When money is losing value it lacks one of the qualities of a good money - stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable standard of deferred(延迟) payments. Nobody wants to hold a wasting asset(资产), so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore stimulates consumer spending, and prevents people from saving.11. Inflation is a situation in which _.A. we find our money increase in its valueB. employment no longer becomes a problemC. people can always find better paying jobsD. money keeps losing its value12. According to the author, inflation _.A. is very common at the present timeB. seldom happensC. has become rare in recent yearsD. is just reasonable13. According to the passage, if incomes and prices rise together _.A. money will hold its valueB. inflation poses no problemC. inflation will remain to be a problemD. the business will prosper14. When money loses its value _.A. it is no longer stableB. its rate against gold will be kept at the sam