泰安五四制人教版初中英语七年级(初二)下Unit4知识点(泰安).doc

制度,工作制度,规划,规则,规章,管理制度一般过去时的用法一、一般过去时的基本定义一般过去时是表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态也可以表示在过去某一阶段经常、反复做的动作。如：He walked to school.The children went to the zoo yesterday.The teacher often did some reading in the morning when he was a child. （这个老师在他是一个孩子时经常看书是过去常常，反复做的动作，所以这个句子要用一般过去时）一般过去时的句式结构：1. 主语+was/were+其他。2. 主语+动词的过去式+其他。二、be动词的过去时：1.be动词过去时的肯定句：主语+ was/were + 其他如：Mike was in the United States last year.比较be 动词的现在式和过去式： 时态 主语现在时过去时I (第一人称单数)amwasHe, She, It（第三人称单数）IsYou（第二人称单复数）arewere如：I was very tired last night. There were some books there. (那儿曾经有一些书。) 注意：There be 句型用于一般过去时需把 is /are 变为它们的过去式：There was (were) 2. be动词过去时的否定句：主语+ was/were + not +其他He was not in Canada last year.be 过去式的否定句结构，只要在was/were 后面加上not 就可以了。它的缩写形式为：wasnt 和werent如：I wasnt busy yesterday.There werent any boys in the room.3. be动词过去时的疑问句：（1）was/were + 主语+其他 （一般疑问句）Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? No, it wasnt. It was cloudy.（2）特殊疑问词+ were/was +主语+其他 （特殊疑问句）Where were you yesterday morning?I was at school.be动词过去式一般疑问句的结构，只要把was/were 提到主语前面，some 变any , and 变成or。回答时，Yes, was/were. No, wasnt/werent.以疑问词开始的特殊疑问句，回答时，不能用 Yes, No回答。如：Was your father free this morning？Yes, he was.No, he wasnt.Was there any water in the bottle?Yes, there was.No, there wasnt.三、一般动词的过去时（不含be 动词）一般动词（不含be动词）过去时的基本句型如下：1.肯定句：主语+ 动词的过去式+ 其它 We had a good time yesterday. He had a good time yesterday.一般动词的过去时没有人称和数的变化，因此主语即使是单数、第三人称，也和其他人称一样变化。补充：动词的过去式及过去分词 规则动词的变化构成法例词一般加edwork worked worked 以e 结尾的词加dlive lived lived以“辅音字母+ y“结尾的词，改y为i,再加 ed study studied studiedcry cried cried以“元音字母+ y“结尾的词，直接加 + edplay played played以重读闭音节结尾（x除外）的双写结尾字母再加edstop stopped stoppedfix fixed fixed不规则动词单独识记。如：I watched TV for an hour.She studied Russian two years later.We said good-bye to Li Ming at five.2.否定句：主语+ did not + 动词原形 + 其它We didnt have a good time yesterday.He didnt do his homework.一般动词（不含be动词）过去时的否定句的结构，不论主语时第几人称，还是单复数，在主语后面加上didnt就可以了。后面的动词要变成原形。如：He didnt have classes this morning.You didnt do your best to do it.3.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+动词原形+其它 ？ Did he go there?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.When did you get up this morning?At six.一般动词（be动词）的过去时的一般疑问句，无论主语是第几人称，是单、复数，在主语前面加上Did , some 变 any， and 变 or，后面的动词要变成原形。Did Tom go with you?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.Unit 4 How was your school trip?1. hang out“闲逛”，hang out with sb.“和某人闲逛”。Did you hang out with her friends?2. else“另外，其他”，用于不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词之后，不能用来修饰名词。Would you like something else? Where else shall we go?3. win“获胜，赢，打胜”，后跟比赛、名词、奖品等名词。过去式是won，现在分词是winning，名词形式是winner。beat意为“击败”，后面跟比赛或竞争的对手。He won the race. Did you win that hat? We beat them and won the match.4. Class 9 had a great time on the school trip.ontrip意为“在旅行期间”，on表示“进行，从事”。trip“短期的或来往固定的旅行”，travel“长途旅行”。Jack makes a trip to his hometown every year. Hes going to travel around the country.5. watch“目不转睛地看，比较仔细地观察”，常接电视、比赛等；see“看到”，后直接跟宾语，如电影等；look指“看”这一动作，跟宾语要加at。I like watching TV. Can you see the panda? Look at the sky!6. show“表演，展览”，on show“陈列，展览”。They watched a dolphin show.7. at the end of“在末端，在尽头”，可以表示时间和地点；in the end“最后，终于”，与at last, finally同义，多用于一般过去时。at the end of March at the end of the street In the end, we won the football match.8. On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive.day off“休息日”，day有单复数的变化；off为副词，意为“休息，不工作”；go for a drive“开车去兜风”。9. Uncle Martin put some of his old things out in the yard and had a yard sale.put.out“把拿出来”，相当于takeout。put out还可意为“熄灭，扑灭”。Put the book out on the desk. I put out the big fire.sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，have