定语从句讲学案doc.doc

限制性定语从句复习讲学案学习目的：巩固和学习限制性定语从句的用法。通过学案练习达到温故知新的效果。学习重点：专项复习限制性定语从句的用法。学习方法：“以练代讲”，“先讲后练”的两种形式复习整理限制性定语从句的用法。( 设计思路：学生对于定语从句关系代词的用法掌握较好，关系副词稍差。)1. 定语从句的几个概念：定语从句 先行词 关系词2. 关系代词的复习动动脑，想一想：关系代词： 。1) The boy who are playing football are from Class One.（ 主语，指人 ）2) Mr.liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus（ ）3) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( 主语，指物 )4) The fish （which） I bought this morning was not fresh.( )5) This is the boy that broke the window.(主语，指人 )6) The letter (that) I received was from my father. ( )7) Do you know the man whose name is Harry potter? (定语， 指人)8) Do you see the house whose window are all broken. ( )主语宾语定语指人指物巩固练习：用适当的关系代词 that， which， who， whom ，whose 填空1) This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.2) The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.3) Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.4) 4. Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way.5) 5. The classroom door is broken will be repaired. 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但下列情况中定语从句宜用that而不宜用which 的情况:动动脑，想一想： (1) Have you understood everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) This is the best film that I have seen. (3) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. (4) The old car is the only thing that he owned. (5) Who is the man that is standing there? (6) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learnt? (7) Thats a good book that will help you a lot. （）There are few that arent league member in the class.A、当先行词是先行词或被序数词修饰时，用that 引导从句。B、当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时，C、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, few，all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时，用that 引导从句。D、当先行词形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，用that 引导从句。E、当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，用that 引导从句。F、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时, 用that 引导从句。G、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时, 用that 引导从句。、当主句是there be句型时，用that 引导从句。.定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:(1) 当关系代词的前面有介词时.用which 引导从句。Ex：1. I went to the town in which I was born.2. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? (2) 先行词本身是that, 宜用which . Ex: 1. Whats that which she is looking at?(3)先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep those goods which sell best.巩固练习：用 that， which 填空： (1)The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.(2)This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.（3）Is this the room in John lives?（4）Whats that she is looking at?3、关系副词的复习(设计思路：搞清楚先行词在句中所作的句子成分，是正确使用关系代词和关系副词的关键，所以，在讲授关系副词时，要求学生弄清句子成分。)动动脑，想一想关系副词： 。关系副词when 的用法：Ex：He came last night when I was out.Can you remember the years when you when you stayed in Yanan.（1）When 指时间，在定语从句中作 。其先行词是表时间的名词（如： time, day, week, tear, month，etc.）（2）定语从句中，也可以用 at which, on which, during which等代替whenSeven is the time at which most of people get up every morning.July and August are the months during which the students spend their holiday.（3）注意：先行词为时间名词，还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:I still remember the day when my brother joined the army.（作 语）I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作 语） 关系副词where 的用法：Ex：This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where he used to live. （1）Where 指地点，在定语从句中作 。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. （2）定语从句中，也可以用 at which, in which, 来代替whereThe White house is the place in which the president works.Children all like the village at which they see a lot of birds.（3）注意：先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，where在定语从句中作状语；还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: This is the factory where he worked last year. （作 语）This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作 语）关系副词why的用法：（1）Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词只能为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：The reason why / for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.(作 语)I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作 语） Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作 语）（2）当先行词为way作方式、方法的名词时，定语从句常用that, in which,引导，（that常可以省略），不用how 引导。way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.4、定语从句在使用中应该注意的几个问题：（1）关系代词与关系副词的区别：关系代词与关系副词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中作的句子成分。若是作状语，则用关系副词或“介词which”； 若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。This is the reason (that/which)she gave me for doing itDo you know the reason why he came late?(2)定语从句中“介词关系代词”的用法：（1）介词关系代词”的结构中的关系代词只能是which(指物)或whom（指人），且不能省略。Ex: The man about whom you were talking has been here.This is the ballroom in which we had a dance last Sunday.（2）当关系代词作固定短语的宾语时，动词短语中的介词不能前置和关系代词放在一起，也就是说固定短语不能拆开。这类短语常用的有：look at, look for ,take care of, pick up, come across, break into, belong to, think of 等。Have you found the pen （that/which）you were looking for? （3）注意：掌握这个结构的关键在于对介词的正确选择：介词是根据与前面名词的搭配关系、介词与定语从句中动词或者形容词的习惯搭配关系确定的。巩固练习：用适当的关系副词及“介词关系代词”填空：1. This is the place my mother was born.2. The reason he changed the topic is quite clear.3. My birthday is a day I think about my future.直击高考1. Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what (2010 山东，24)2. The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is repairedA. where B. which C. its D. whose (2010 陕西，18)3. The engineer my father works is about 60 years old. A. to whom B. with which C. with whom D. on which4. I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what (2010 全国，16)5.The two things they felt very proud are his gold watch and my hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which6.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of are beyond our control.A. where B. which C. what D. that (2009 湖南，31)7.May fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about whichHomework:(1) Revise the Attributive clause （2） Do the exercises about clause. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. as 的用法: as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语如为限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等结构中。如：I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.).-Why didnt you mention that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Dont do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. Im wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为正如，这一点。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . (as 作宾语)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful to ones health .=Smoking is harmful to ones health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)训练题汇总EX1. 用定语从句完成下列句子。1This is the most beautiful forest _ _(我所见过的).2Dou Po Tang(陡坡塘) Waterfall, _(位于贵州省的), is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high.EX2用适当的关系词填空. Have a try! ! !1. I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.2. The house _ we visited is being repaired now. The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex3选择适当的代词填空，注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.EX4 思考:用五种方式（定语从句）翻译句子 这是他工作的工厂。1. This is the factory he works. 2. This is the factory he works.3. This is the factory he works in. 4. This is the factory he works in.5. This is the factory he works in.EX5 思考: 介词+关系代词的情况 介词+关系代词的情况 （1）The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况（2） Are these two sentences right?The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.The city that/which she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况（3） Are these two sentences right?The man to who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in that/which she lives is far away.结论： 介词+关系代词的情况 ( 4) 下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .结论： Sum up:介词+关系代词介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替。Ex6: 介词+关系代词的使用1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she p