独立主格结构的用法总结.doc

独立主格结构的用法总结在英语中，独立主格结构是由一个名词或人称代词（主格）作为逻辑主语，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等构成的复合结构，其作用相当于状语从句，用来表时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况。这种结构多用于书面语中，学好并用好独立主格结构，能使们们的英语文笔简捷流畅，行文表达生动活泼、游刃有余、丰富多彩。Translate the following sentences into English.独立主格结构的几种形式:（名词（代词）+现在分词）1、小王病倒了，我们得照料他。Xiao Wang falling ill, we have to look after him.2、客人们走，她开始打扫房间。The guests having left, she began to clean the room.（名词（代词）+ 过去分词）3、眼镜打破了，她看不见黑板上的字。Her glasses broken, she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.4、 她双手交叉在胸前站在那儿。She stood there, her hands crossed on the chest.（名词（代词）+ 形容词）5、 街道上又湿又滑，我们只好小心缓慢地骑车。The streets wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.6、学生们睁大眼睛在听老师讲课。The students were listening to the teacher, their eyes wide open. （名词（代词）+ 副词）7、 会议结束了，我们从大礼堂回到了教室。The meeting over , we returned to the classroom from the auditorium.8、他急急忙忙地穿上衬衫， 把衬衫穿反了。He pulled on his shirt, wrong side out.（名词（代词）+ 不定式）9、运动会将在下周举行，我们必须为它作准备。The sports meeting to be held next week, we must get ready for it.10、如此多的人要帮助他，他一定会成功的。So many people to help, he is sure to succeed.（名词（代词）+ 介词短语）11、老人手里拿着烟斗坐在椅子上。The old man sat on the chair, (with) a pipe in his hand.12. 那个人走出房间，嘴里嚼着食物。The man went out of the room, food in mouth.（There being + 名词（代词）13. 没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。There being no bus, we had to walk home.14、没有什么事情要讨论，会议结束了。There being no more things to be discussed, the meeting came to an end.独立主格结构在句中的作用:（作时间状语）15. 春天到了，树变绿了。Spring coming on, the trees turn green.16、问题解决后，他们回到了各自的工作岗位。The problem (having been) solved, they went back to their own post.（作原因状语）17、昨天是星期天，我们没有上学。It being Sunday yesterday, we didnt go to school.18、钥匙丢失了，她进不了房间。The key(having been) lost, she couldnt enter the room.（作条件状语）19、如果时间许可，我们将参观那个公园。Time permitting, well visit the park.20、如果水加到很高的温度，我们会看到水蒸气从中冒出来。Water heated to a high temperature, we can see steam rising from it.（作方式或伴随状语）21、孩子们在堆雪人，他们的手冻得通红。The children were making a snowman, their hands red with cold.22、他跌倒在地，鼻子流着血。He fell to the ground, blood trickling from his nose.独立主格的句型转换：1、转换成状语从句His homework done, he went to bed.=After his homework was done, he went to bed.She not feeling well, we worried about her. = As she was not feeling well, we worried about her.Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow. =If weather permits , the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow.2、转换成并列句The youn woman came into the cinema, a baby in her arms,= The young woman came into the cinema and a baby was in her arms. The boy stood there silently, his eyes fixed upon the black people.= The boy stood there silently and his eyes were fixed upon the black people.3、转换成”with”的复习结构Night falling , we hurried home. =With night falling, we hurried home.The signal given, the train left the railway station. = With the signal given, the train left the railway station. The old scientist came to the meeting, his wife supporting him. = The old scientist came to the meeting