高考英语非谓语动词命题陷阱详解及强化训练[二].doc

高中英语非谓语动词命题陷阱详解及强化训练2重难点讲解：9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying陷阱：容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。分析：答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on upon （doing） sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。I insisted that he （should） stay. 我坚持要他留下。10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”A. typing B. to be typedC. typed D. to type陷阱：容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。分析：最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？Im going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. put B. to putC. putting D. having put陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。分析：正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如（答案选A）：I got out of the taxi, _ the fare and dashed into the station.A. paid B. payingC. to pay D. having paid但是，下面一题稍有不同：Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。12. The boss insisted that every minute _ made full use of _ the work well.A. be, to do B. was, doingC. be, doing D. was, to do陷阱：容易误选B。分析：其实正确答案是A。分析如下：（1） 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。（2） 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of to do sth （利用做某事）这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of （尽量利用），make the best of （尽量利用）等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：（1） The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of _ the power station. A. to build B. buildingC. build D. built此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：make use of every part of the materials to build the power station由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。（2） Does the way you thought of _ the water clean make any sense?A. making B. to makeC. how to make D. having made此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是 the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying outC. carry out D. to carry out陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。 分析：答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：（1） that they would like to see _ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。（2） 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。请做以下类似试题：（1） Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?A. to have go B. to have to goC. to have gone D. having to go在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：I think Id like to have a boy go with me. 句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：Who do you think youd like to have go with you?对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。（2） Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. make wash B. make to washC. make washing D. making to wash在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：The boss made Jack wash his car this time.假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：Who did the boss make wash his car this time?由此可知上面题答案为A。（3） You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _ your house all by myself.A. found B. findingC. to find D. for finding此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty （in） doing sth。14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has come B. to have comeC. to having come D. has come陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。分析：其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语 look forward to意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句（介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略），has come 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：（1） The man you referred to _ just now.A. comes B. comeC. coming D. came答案选D，句子主语为 the man，you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。（2） The theory he sticks to _ to be of no use in our studies. A. proves B. proveC. proving D. be proved答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies. （3） The work he devoted his time to _ worth praising.A. was B. be C. being D. been答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.（4） I think this is the very work that we must finish _ her.A. to help B. helpC. helping D. helped答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。（5） Which do you enjoy _ your weekend, swimming or fishing?A. spending B. being spentC. spend D. to spend答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which，不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend 用作目的状语。（5） What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own.A. being B. to beC. is D. are答案选C，而不选A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句，空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。（6） Nothing that he suggested _ to be of any use.A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是 nothing，that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。” （7） The old house we paid a visit _ at the top of the hill.A. standing B. to standC. to standing D. to stands答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house 的定语从句，句中的stands 为主句谓语。（8） The life he is now used _ quite different from ours. A. is B. to beC. to being D. to is答案选D。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。（9） The work he paid special attention _ to nothing.A. came B. to comeC. to coming D. to came答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。（10） The result what he said would lead _ his regret in the future. A. is B. to beC. to being D. to was答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。15. _ the road round to the right and youll find his house. A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed陷阱：容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。 分析：正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：_ the road round to the right, youll find his house.A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C（不定式短语表目的）：_ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. FollowingC. To follow D. Followed请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：（1） _ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.A. Get B. To getC. Getting D. Having got（2） _ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drinkC. Drinking D. Having drinking（3） _ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. Watch B. WatchingC. To watch D. Have watching（4） _ through this book and tell me what you think of it. A. Look B. LookingC. To look D. Having looked（5） _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. Leave B. LeavingC. If you leave D. When left有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样（答案均选A）。如： （6） _ down the radio the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turn B. TurningC. to turn D. To have turned（7） _ some of this juice perhaps you will like it.A. Try B. TryingC. To try D. To have tried以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：（8） _ him enough time to get home before you telephone. A. Give B. To giveC. Giving D. Given（9） _ left when you get to the end of the street. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept（10） _ your hand over your mouth when you cough. A. Put B. PuttingC. To put D. To be putting（11）_ until the lights have turned to green. A. Wait B. To waitC. Waiting D. Having waited（12） _ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together. A. Join B. To joinC. Joining D. Joined以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：（13） I dont want to listen a long story just _ me the result. A. tell B. tellingC. to tell D. to be telling（14） Why stand there watching _ and help us!A. come B. comingC. to come D. to be coming（15） Dont waste your money on silly things _ it. A. save B. to saveC. saving D. having saved（16） First _ the rice by washing it, then _ it in boiling water. A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cookingC. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking（17） To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good. A. put B. puttingC. to put D. to be putting但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选B）：（18） _ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.A. Study B. To studyC. Studying D. Having studied（19） _ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.A. Sleep B. To sleepC. Sleeping D. Having slept（20） _ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.A. Keep B. To keepC. Keeping D. Having kept（21） _ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.A. Improving B. To improveC. Improve D. Having improved【典型例题】27. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _ to.A. spoken B. speakingC. speak D. be spoken28. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending itC. to send it to D. for sending it to29. _ on time, this medicine will be quite effective. A. Taking B. Being takenC. Taken D. Having taken30. The film star walked to his car, _ a crowd of journalists. A. followed by B. following byC. to follow D. to be followed by31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _ how much they would cost. A. to explain B. explainingC. to be explaining D. having explained32. Please excuse me _ your letter by mistake. A. to open B. to have openedC. for opening D. in opening33. Please remember _ the plants while Im away. A. watering B. to be wateringC. to water D. being watering34. Certainly I posted your letter I remember _ it. A. posting B. to postC. to be posting D. have posted35. Stop _ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.A. to tell B. tellingC. to have told D. having told36. Remember _ off the light when _ to bed.A. turning, going B. to turn, to goC. turning, to go D. to turn, going 37. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given38. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars40. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hangingC. hangs D. being hung41. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settingC. to settle D. being settled42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen43. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “Id like to have this package _.”A. be weighed B. to be weighedC. to weigh D. weighed45. What have we said _ her so happy?A. makes B. to makeC. made D. has made46. What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC his being not allowed D. having not being allowed47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _ No. 9.”A. that marked B. was marked withC. which marked D. marked with48. If the car wont start, _ it. A. try push B. try pushingC. to try pushing D. to try to push49. They stayed up until midnight _ the old year out and the new year in. A. and saw B. to seeC. seeing D. for seeing 答案与解析：27. 选 A。until spoken to 可视为 until he is spoken to 之略。28. 选C，不定式短语to send it to 用作状语，修饰其前的名词 the person。注意句尾的介词 to 不能省略，因为被修饰的名词 the person 为介词 to 的逻辑宾语。29. 选 C。this medicine 与动词take 为被动关系，故用过去分词。30. 选A。从句意上看，人群跟在明星后面，反过来，明星便是被人群跟着。31. 选A。go on doing sth = 继续做同一事情，go on to do sth = 做完某事后续继做某事。32. 选C。excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。33. 选C。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。34. 选A。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。35. 选B。根据下文的 I can only go so fast 知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较：stop doing sth = 停止做某事，stop to do sth = 停下正在做的事去干另一事。36. 选D。一是分清以下两个结构：remember to do sth=记住做某事，remember doing sth=记住曾做过某事；二是注意 when going to bed 相当于 when you go to bed。37. 选 D。由于动词 give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，故用过去分词，即选 D。其中 Given time 可视为 If he is given time 之略。38. C。由于 Harvard（哈佛大学）与 found（建立）是被动关系，且因句中有 in 1636，故选 C。注意不能选 B，否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。39. 选D，由于 remain 为不及物动词，所以包含过去分词 remained的A和C不宜选（因为两者均含有被动意味）；选项B也不宜选，不定式to remain 用作修饰 20 dollars 的后置定语，由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，故不妥（因为 remain 不及物）。现在分词remaining 的意思是“剩下的“。40. 选 B。动词 hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。41. 选 C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有要”。又如：I cant go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。With such good cardres to carry out the Partys policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策，我们感到放心。42. 选 B。remain 作“尚需”解，是连系动词，其后要接不定式作表语。由于 see 与 it（形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it）是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。43. 选 D。否定词 not 应放在动名词之前，故排除A、C；又因为 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。44. 选 D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。45. 选 B。to make her so happy 是结果状语。注意词序What have we，不是 What we have。比较下面一题（答案选D）：What we have said _ her so happy.A. makes B. to makeC. made D. has made46. 选 B。否定词 not 应放在-ing 形式之前，逻辑主语 his 之后，由此可排除 C 和 D；又因为 the child 与 allow 是被动关系，故选 B。47. 选D。marked with 可视为 which is marked with No. 9 之略。48. 选B。注意句首为if 引导的条件状语从句，填空句为祈使句，故第一个动词应是try，不应是 to try；另外，try doing sth 的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。49. 选 B。不定式表目的。【参考资料】非谓语动词（二）动词-ing形式（二）-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。1. -ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2. -ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting st