高考易错题定语从句.doc

高考易错题定语从句典型陷阱题分析 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it wasC. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was.请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it isC. which are D. them are（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station. A. which are B. it isC. which is D. them are（3）Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it isC. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？” A. that B. whichC. where D. what【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. AsC. That D. What【陷阱】容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是B。as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题： _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. AsC. That D. What此题答案选A，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选B，第（2）题选D：（1）_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. AsC. That D. It（2）_ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing. A. Which B. AsC. That D. It 4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. whoC. as D. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that （如此以至）结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such that ，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like后有自己的宾语him： David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. whoC. as D. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us. A. like B. thatC. which D. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. itC. them D. which【陷阱】容易误选C，用them代指the buses.【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：（1）His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. itC. them D. which（2）Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer. A. that B. itC. them D. which（3）This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. itC. them D. which类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：（4）George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that B. himC. them D. whom（5）Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer. A. that B. whoC. them D. whom（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. that B. whoC. them D. whom 6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选B，用them代指students.【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of的前面加上连词and，则选答案B.比较以下各题（答案均选A）：（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer. A. which B. themC. what D. that（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer. A. them B. whichC. what D. that（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other. A. whom B. themC. which D. who（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other. A. them B. whomC. which D. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. themC. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work是独立主格结构，其中的carried out为过去分词。（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. themC. what D. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。 8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B.whose parents were seated together joking为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated.（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选A.their parents sitting together joking为独立主格结构。（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B.whose parents sat together joking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat.（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whoseC. which D. that选B.whose parents were sitting together joking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting. 9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. whichC. what D. that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：（1）If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK. A. as B. whichC. and it D. that（2）If you want a double room, _ will cost another15. A. as B. whichC. what D. that（3）Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. that B. whichC. and it D. so（4）When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. whichC. what D. that10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which B. whenC. how D. where【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词where.【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when： She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company. A. which B. whenC. how D. where请再做一组试题（答案均选A）：（1）Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month. A. which B. whenC. how D. where选A，which在定语从句中用作动词bought的宾语。（2）Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete. A. which B. whenC. how D. where选A，which在定语从句中用作主语。（3）Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago. A. where B. whenC. that D. which选A，where在定语从句中用作状语。精编陷阱题训练 1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew onceC. they once grew D. once grew 2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm, _ many people have gone home. A. that B. whichC. whose time D. by which time 3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained 4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. thatC. this D. which 5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers. A. which B. thatC. whose D. what 6. Its said that hes looking for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family. A. when B. whereC. that D. which 7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. thatC. whose D. when 8. The little time we have together well try _ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend itC. to spend D. spending that 9. The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work. A. that, the place B. it, the placeC. which, where D. what, where 10. We will be shown around the city：schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. whichC. where D. when11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, _ the country became united. A. when B. ifC. since D. until 12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew onceC. that once grew D. once grew 13. You could see the runners very well from _ we stood. A. which B. whereC. that D. when 14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose 15. What have you got _ will help a cold？ A. what B. thatC. it D. who 16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _ he spoke to me. A. how B. thatC. what D. which 17. Do you know the man from _ house the pictures were stolen？ A. which B. thatC. what D. whose 18. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. whichC. as D. where 19. Is this all that you need？If you married me, Id give you everything you _. A. want B. wantedC. had wanted D. are wanting 20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago. A. which B. whenC. where D. who21. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. whichC. while D. why 22. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I think is 23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. whichC. this D. what 24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _ they faced many years ago. A. that B. whichC. that which D. it 25. I saw some trees the leaves of _ were black with disease. A. that B. whichC. it D. what 26. The famous basketballer, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. whenC. which D. who 27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _ she had arranged with James. A. the which was what B. what was thatC. which was what D. that was that答案与解析 1.选C.先行词是those，可视为those flowers之省略。they once grew前省略了关系代词which.全句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。 2.选D.by which time引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中by which time相当于and by that time. 3.选A.注意不能选D，因为动词explained缺宾语。 4.选D.which指the road map. 5.选C.from whose efforts he still suffers为修饰a serious illness的定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语，修饰efforts.6.选B.where引导定语从句修饰one.注：one在此指a new job.类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为one that相当于a problem that： The problem is _ has caused us a lot of trouble. A. one B. that C. one that D. that one 7.选D.先行词是表时间的age（时代），由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用when. 8.选C.该句的正常词序为We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely. 9.选C.第一空填wh