食品安全事故论文：对完善我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之思考.doc

食品安全事故论文：对完善我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之思考【中文摘要】当下随着媒体频频曝光各类重大食品安全事故,“食品安全”已然成为民众关心的核心话题。作为典型的大规模侵权的情形,一方面这些食品安全事故造成了严重后果和恶劣影响,另一方面广大受害者(包括已知和潜在的)因受到了严重侵害却没法获得应有的及时的合理赔偿和补偿。出于更好地完善我国现有食品安全事故赔偿制度之考虑,本文将着手通过对我国食品安全问题现状、特征、产生根源以及现行相关食品安全的赔偿制度之立法沿革、现状和分析探讨,综合联系比较境外现行的食品药品安全事故赔偿制度以及部分国内学者之建议,思考在我国现有食品安全之产品责任赔偿体系基础上,补充以行业互助基金为主,国家保障之补充责任为辅的赔偿制度的必要性、实践性和法理依据。除和结束语之外,本文主要包括以下三章内容:第一章是我国食品安全赔偿制度之概述。主要介绍了我国当前食品安全问题的现状,总结了历来发生之食品安全事故所具有的特征,并概括了我国食品安全赔偿制度之历史沿革、现状与法理依据,突出在这一赔偿制度中对国家角色的定位和作用的分析,进而点出了这一现有制度所存在的诸多问题造成了食品安全事故中受害人无法得到及时救治和实质赔偿或补偿。第二章是境外制度与案例之比较。本部分中,笔者结合对境外部分地区或国家在食品、药品安全事故赔偿领域的一些案例与制度、规定的介绍,分析境外通行的并值得借鉴的积极主动保护消费者的原则、“侵权企业主体责任、基金联合与国家责任担当”这一有机结合的赔偿制度。第三章是对现有食品安全赔偿制度之完善。本部分,笔者先通过摘选国内学理界探讨的几种建言,分析其核心的制度体系完善之观点,并逐一点评其优与劣,进一步论证了为了让受害人能得到及时救治和实质赔偿或补偿,除需要现行行政、司法手段继续发挥其有效作用外,还需要创新与补充。其后通过对互助基金概念、性质以及其与保险、信托之比较的概述,笔者详细介绍了所建议的食品生产企业食品安全赔偿互助基金之制度,对其可行性进行了分析,并进一步探讨了相关法律规则与运作程序;此外,该部分中,笔者也通过对国家保障之补充责任的概念介绍、必要性与可行性之分析,提出了在我国确立食品安全事故之国家保障补充责任的方案,进而提出在现有基础之上构建食品安全赔偿领域互助基金为主、国家保障之补充责任为辅的赔偿制度这一观点,并进行了系统的论证。【英文摘要】Due to the more frequent exposures of food safety issues in the media, Food Safety gradually becomes a core topic and is now highly focused by citizens. Being as a typical condition of mass tort, such food safety accidents bring seriously negative impact to the society in one hand, and in other hand, there are still plenty of victims (include the already known and potential) cannot acquire its deserved reasonable compensation. For the purpose of consummating the compensation system on food safety accident, through the analysis and discussion on current Chinas food safety status, its feature, cause of occurrence, existing relevant legislation of food safety compensation system, its evolution and legal theory, and comparing with other territoriespresent legislation on food or medicament safety accident compensation system as well certain domestic research opinions, the paper intends to, base on present compensation system, reflect about the necessity, feasibility and legal theory to set up a proposal to supplement current system, which is the Industrial Loan Society of Food Safety and Supplemental Liability of the Country.Besides the preface and conclusion, the paper has three chapters: Chapter one: the overview of the current compensation system upon food safety. It mainly introduces the current status of food safety management, and summarizes the feature of past food safety accidents, current status of Chinas food safety compensation system as well its evolution and legal theory, especially evaluates the position and responsibilities of government, furthermore it points out such deficiencies which cause the victims cannot be timely rectified and materially compensated.Chapter two: researching and comparing of foreign system upon food or medicament safety compensation. It introduces some foreign cases and legislations on food or medicament safety compensation. It also analyzes the foreign practice of positive protection on consumers and“accountability by tort subject associated with funds and government negative shoulder”, which is also worth for China to transplant.Chapter three: discussions on consummating the current food safety compensation system. This part first introduces, analyzes and evaluates certain domestic opinions on consummating the food safety compensation system, and further proves that besides present administrative and judicial manner, we need more innovation on the current legal system so as to warrant victims be timely rectified and materially compensated. Then it makes an overview and particular introduction of Industrial loan society system, and analyzes its feasibilities and provides a necessary rules design for realizing its operation. Furthermore this part also, through introduction of the concept of Supplemental liability of Country Safeguard and analysis on its necessity and feasibility, raises the point and further proves to set up a new combined system, which is the Industrial Loan Society of Food Safety and Supplemental Liability of the country.【关键词】食品安全事故 大规模侵权 民事赔偿 行业互助基金 国家保障之补充责任【英文关键词】Food Safety Accident Mass Tort Civil Compensation Industrial Loan Society Government Supplemental Liability【备注】索购全文在线加好友：1.3.9.9.3.8848 同时提供论文写作一对一指导和论文发表委托服务【目录】对完善我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之思考摘要4-6ABSTRACT6-8导言12-14第一章 我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度概述14-33第一节 我国食品安全之概述14-17一、我国食品安全之现状14-15二、我国食品安全事故的特征15-17第二节 我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之沿革17-24一、损害赔偿与损害赔偿制度17-18（一） 损害赔偿概念17（二） 损害赔偿制度17-18二、我国食品安全事故损害赔偿制度的沿革18-24（一） 民国前之规定18-20（二） 民国时期规定20（三） 建国后之规定20-24第三节 我国当前食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之现状与分析24-33一、食品安全事故赔偿制度之现状24-31（一） 责任性质：侵权责任、违约责任与双重责任24-26（二） 归责原则26（三） 责任构成26-27（四） 责任形式27-28（五） 救助机制28-29（六） 赔偿责任之社会分摊29-30（七） 赔偿责任之国家分摊30-31二、食品安全事故损害赔偿制度之分析31-33（一） 未能充分考量食品安全事故之特殊性32-33（二） 赔偿责任国家分摊之缺失33第二章 境外制度与案例之比较33-39第一节 台湾地区“商品之检验与商品制造人及国家赔偿责任”34第二节 日本森永毒奶粉案：立法规定之紧急状态制度34-35第三节 德国康特甘案例：政府与侵权人共同出资之基金会制度35-37第四节 美国惩罚性赔偿制度与市场份额分摊责任37-39一、麦当劳咖啡烫伤案惩罚性赔偿制度37二、乙烯雌酚致卵巢癌案生产者市场份额分摊责任制度37-38三、政府分摊责任38-39第三章 对现有食品安全赔偿制度之完善39-56第一节 国内部分学说39-42一、食品安全事故国家先行赔偿制度39-40二、食品安全事故补偿基金40三、其他学者观点40-42第二节 我国确立食品行业协会互助基金赔偿之思考42-48一、互助基金概述42-44（一） 互助基金概念42（二） 互助基金与保险42-43（三） 互助基金与信托43-44二、互助基金性质44-46（一） 社会团体法人45（二） 事业单位法人45-46三、行业协会互助基金之可行性分析与制度设计46-48（一） 可行性之分析46（二） 行业协会互助基金制度设计46-481、基金获得之渠道46-472、管理机构的运作与规则47-48第三节 我国确立国家保障补充责任之思考48-54一、国家保障补充责任概述48-49二、确立国家保障补充责任之必