it、one、that的用法与区别.ppt

替代词it，that，one(s)，those用法区别,【学习目标】 为了避免重复, it, that, one(s), those都可用来代替上文出现的名词，但它们的用法不同。现在来区别。,【知识概括】用法 1. it代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物，即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。如： The name “whitewater“ comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly. （it代替不可数名词water) And today, if you go to Salt Lake City, you can see a mountain with seagulls on top of it. (it代替可数名词mountain) Id like to look at that atlas. May I borrow it? (it代替可数名词atlas),2. one代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,即同名异物 ，是泛指所代替名词是可数名词, 其前可带冠词与修饰语。如代替复数名词，则用ones。如： The population problem may be the greatest one in the world today. (one代替可数名词problem) -Which jackets are yours? -The white ones. (ones代替可数名词jackets),3. that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词，但其前通常不能有修饰语。如： those都可用来代替上文出现的名词， The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school. (that代替可数名词doctor) The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. (that代替不可数名词weather) The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory. (that代替不可数名词quality),4. those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代复数名词，相当于the ones。如： In China students learn English at school as a foreign language，except for those in Hong Kong，where many people speak English as a first or a second language. (those代替复数名词students) The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school. (those代替复数名词computers),区别,I. itone that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。 I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella） I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了） The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）,II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于aan名词; that为特指, 相当于the 名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 aan some any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the this that。 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair） The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）,III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。 I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen） There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people） Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting） These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）,IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。 The one That on the table is mine. （该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That） He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that） He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）,V. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。 Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.,VI. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。 It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her. VII. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ones则不可以。 He has saved my life; Ill never forget it. （it代替第一分句） Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. （it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house） Lets say we meet here at three oclock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. （That代替前面表述的内容）,可数单数用one替， ones替代复数词。 不定冠词后加one， one前一般有定语。 替代若系本身物， it 替单 they 代复。 比较句中替代词， 不可数名词that替。 最高级及序数词后， 替代词常常被略去。 复数名词替代词， ones 与 those 均用 之， 特指 ones 加定冠， those 之前无冠词。 One(s) 的定语多在前， those 的定语必后置。,Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others,2. I find _ easy enough to get on with Pam. A. that B. this C. one D. it,3. If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do_. A. those B. which C. these D. it,4. I havent a pen. Can you lend me_? A. these B. those C. them D. one,5. _ is necessary that I get the text of my revision typed. A. There B. This C. That D. It,6. I took _ for granted（conj.假定;就算 ） that you would stay with us. A.