高级英语上复习题.doc

2010年第一学期高级英语期末考试范围总结：一、选词填空：15分，15个空（每段会抽出15个词，让大家选择填空）P18：AThis strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force. It attracts some of the more active and idealistic young people of every generation. To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure.P35：BFor heavens sake, I broke in. Dont call me a nice man to her. Im here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it. But thats nothing to her. Look here, I said to the child, were going to look at your throat. Youre old enough to understand what Im saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you?P62：AWomen have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching. No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank, and none do at present. Only two women hold ambassadorial rank. But women predominate in the lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when they do reach better positions, they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job.P109：BShe appealed to me because she was like people I had never met personally. Like women in English novels who walked the moors (whatever they are) with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance. Like the women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces, drinking tea incessantly from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. Women who walked over the “heath” and read morocco-bound books and had tow last names divided by a hyphen. It would be safe to say that she made me proud to be Negro, just by being herself.P141：BChavel was filled with a huge and shameful joy. It seemed to him that already he was savedtwenty-nine men to draw and only two marked papers left. The chances had suddenly grown in his favor from ten to one tofourteen to one：the greengrocer had drawn a slip and indicated carelessly and without pleasure that he was safe. Indeed from the first draw any mark of pleasure was taboo：one couldnt mock the condemned man by any sign of relief.P173：BI give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writers motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives inat least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our ownbut before he ever begins to write he will have acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his job, no doubt, to discipline his temperament and avoid getting stuck at some immature stage, or in some perverse mood：but if he escapes from his early influences altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write. Putting aside the need to earn a living, I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They exist in different degrees in every writer, and in any one writer the proportions will vary from time to time, according to the atmosphere in which he is living. They are：P176：AIn one form or another this problem comes up again. The problem of language is subtler and would take too long to discuss. I will only say that of late years I have tried to write less picturesquely and more exactly. In any case I find that by the time you have perfected any style of writing, you have always outgrown. Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried, with full consciousness of what I was doing, to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. I have not written a novel for seven years, but I hope to write another fairly soon. It is bound to be a failure, every book is a failure, but I do know with some clarity what kind of book I want to write.P189：A The satisfaction of killing time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull happier on the average than a man who has no work at all. But when work is interesting, it is capable of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief from tedium. The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy. I shall begin with those which are only mildly interesting and end with those that are worthy to absorb the whole energies of a great man.sprinkle 喷撒 swelter 闷热；热得难受；使中暑 rather than 宁可也不愿；而不是 reject 拒绝二、课后题C项：20分3. The peddler sprinkled some water over his vegetables to make them fresher and heavier.小贩在蔬菜上喷了些水，目的为了使它们保持新鲜同时压分量。4. In such heated air, the sweltering students could hardly keep their minds on their lessons. 在这么闷热的空中，热得发慌的学生们很难把精力集中在课堂上。6. She sent in her application for the job, but was rejected as unqualified. 她把求职申请递了上去，但是因为不符合要求被拒收了。7. The salesman considered it safe to go along with the boss rather than to contradict him.这个业务员认为附和老板更为稳妥，而不是和他唱反调。run out of 用完 insoluble 不能解决的，难以解释的 virtual实际上的4. Unfortunately, their car ran out of fuel, just ten miles of Chicago. 不幸的是，他们的车在离芝加哥仅10英里的地方没油了。6. The detective finally gave up, declaring the mystery insoluble. 这名侦探最终放弃了，并声明这个谜团无法解开。8. If you travel by plane, Beijing and Guangzhou are virtually neighboring cities.如果你乘飞机旅行，（你就能看到）北京和广州其实是两个毗邻的城市。motion 运动；向打手势 apprehension 理解；忧惧 coax 哄诱；慢慢将弄好；哄 contemptible 可鄙的；卑劣的；可轻视的1. They heard of the traffic accident and immediately rushed to the hospital, full of apprehension about the safety of the passengers. 他们听说发生了一起交通事故，于是立刻赶往医院，为了乘客们的安危而忧心忡忡。4. The old man yelled over and over again “Stop thief, stop thief!” But nobody did anything. The indifference of the onlookers was really contemptible. 老人不停地喊着：“小偷，别跑，站住！”但是没有人前来帮忙。路人的冷眼旁观真的让人觉得很可耻。5. The police motioned for the crowd to move on to the next street. 警察用手势示意拥挤的人流移动到下一条街。8. The boys were frightened, but the police managed to coax them into telling him what they had seen that night. 孩子们受到了惊吓，但是警察设法哄劝他们告诉他那天晚上看到的事情。dodge 躲避，避开 precedent 先例；前例1. She skillfully dodge the questions about her private life. 她巧妙地避开了关于她私生活的那些问题。6. If you let the boy go without punishment, he will use it as a precedent for doing wrong again. 如果你不惩罚一下这个男孩就让他走了，他就会把这件事当成先例，以后还会犯错。predominate 支配，主宰；在中占优势 prejudice 偏见 menial 卑微的； rather than3. How can you be content to do such menial tasks as washing dishes here in the States? 在这个州，你怎么能满足于做洗碗这么卑微的工作？4. A prejudice is a judgement formed before examining the evidence. 在调查证据形成之前产生的判断是一种偏见。6. Knowledge will always predominate over ignorance. 知识永远统治着愚昧。7. When this corporation entered the Chinese market 8 years ago, it aimed to occupy a larger market share rather than to make profit in the short run. 8年前这个公司打入中国市场的时候，它的目标在于占领巨大的市场份额，而并非在短期内获利。whereabouts 下落；行踪；去向； noncommittal 态度不明朗的；不承担义务的；tentative 试验；假设 agitate 摇动；骚动；使激动 intent 专心的；急切的；2. He is a very busy person and has so many engagements that only his secretary knows of his whereabouts. 他是个日理万机的大忙人，平时没太多应酬，以至于只有他的秘书知道他的行踪。4. As they didnt have enough time to discuss the plan fully, they could only draw a few tentative conclusions. 由于他们没有充足的时间全面讨论一下这个计划，所以只能得出几个假设性的结论。6. “Can I go swimming on Sunday, Dad? Well see,” he said noncommittally. “爸爸，周日我能去有用吗？我们会见到”他含含糊糊地说。7. The children were so noisy that she had to listen very intently in order to catch the conversation. 孩子们太闹了，所以她只得全神贯注地听，以便能跟上对话的速度。8. The new created a lot of agitations in the community. 新来的人在社团里引起了不小的骚动。rescue 营救 splash 溅，泼；用.使液体飞溅drift 漂流，漂移；漂泊 scrape 擦伤；刮；1. She gently scraped the dust from the vase before she put it back on the shelf. 把花瓶放回架子上以前，她轻轻地擦了擦上面的灰尘。3. It was very hot and the kids were all happily splashing in the pool. 天气炎热，孩子们全都钻到池塘里愉快的嬉戏，弄的水花四溅。7. She sat in the moonlight, her thoughts drifted back to the last Autumn Festival she spent with her parents. 她坐在月光下，思绪不由得飘回到去年与父母共度中秋佳节的时光。8. The firemen rescued all the people from the burning building. 消防员救出了那栋失火大楼的所有人。infuse 使充满，灌输 intolerant 无法忍受的 let alone 更不必说，更别提 ruffle 弄皱；触怒；扰乱； punish1. The wind ruffles the surface of the lake. 风吹得湖面泛起了阵阵涟漪。2. All the children in the class did wrong, but David was singled out for punishment. 班里所欲的孩子都犯错了，但却只有David受到了惩罚。3. He cant even read the alphabet, let alone speak the language. 他连字母表都不会读，更别提讲一门语言了。4. His speech infused his countrymen with patriotism. 他的演讲充满了爱国主义同胞的情节。7. He cant be a good manager. He is intolerant of any criticisms about his management. 他不是个好的管理者。他不能忍受别人对他管理方式上的任何批评与意见。statistically speaking 从统计数字上看，就统计上来说 novelty 新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品 anachronism 时代错误；不合潮流的人或物品4. Statistically speaking the number of birth and death rise and fall in nearly parallel lines. 统计表明，出生数字与死亡数字的起伏几乎不相上下。5. It is an anachronism to speak of Mark Twain as satirizing people watching Television. 谈及马克吐温就如同挖苦人们看电视一样是那么的不合时宜。7. Staying up late on the New Years Eve was a novelty to the children, and they enjoyed it. 在除夕之夜熬通宵对孩子们来说是件新鲜事儿，他们很喜欢。delude 迷惑；逃避；使失望 daunt 使气馁，使畏缩；威吓 odd 几率1You are deluding yourself if you think you can change his character by just teaching him a lesson.如果你认为，你能通过给他一个教训就改变他的性格，那么你自己一定会失望的。2. The statistics show that the odds of getting killed in a plane crash are around a million to one. 统计结果表明在空难中丧生的几率为100万分之1。7. He was daunted by the difficult examinations questions and was at a loss how to answer them. 他被难懂的测试题给吓到了，不知所措地不知如何应答。eventful 多变故的；重要的； of no avail 无效；不起作用 meditate 考虑；计划；企图 straighten 使好转；整顿，使挺直；3. The newly-recruited soldier was asked to straighten his hat. 新入伍的士兵被要求把帽子弄正。5. The villagers searched the whole area for the missing child, but it was of no avail . 村民们找遍了村庄也没找个丢失孩子的踪影。6. 1949 is a(n) eventful year to China. 1949年对中古来说是极其重要的一年。7. The commander-in-chief meditated for three days before making the final decision. 总司令在作出最终决定之前深思熟虑了三天。by all means 尽一切办法；一定，务必 by no means绝不 literal 逐字的；无夸张的；文字的 by any means 无论如何 by means of 用，依靠 outwit 瞒骗；以智取胜 take for granted认为理所当然4. If you play chess with the computer, it is not very easy to outwit it. 如果你和计算机下国际象棋，那么就很难以智取胜。6. It is by no means impossible to learn swimming in three days if you have a good coach. 如果你有个好教练的话，在三天之内学会游泳还是有可能的。8. She literally waited for a whole hour in the pouring rain, but the bus never came. 她毫不夸张地在大雨里等了一个钟头的车，但是一辆都没有来。differentiation 区别；变异，分化 rationalize 实行合理化；作辩解；合理地思考arrogance 自大；傲慢态度3. This car manufacturer aims for the greatest possible differentiation of their product from those of other manufacturers. 这种汽车的制造商目的在于以其在产品上尽可能的与众不同来区别于其他制造商。4. He is a very capable manager, but his arrogance makes it hard for others to cooperate with him. 他是个十分能干的经理，但是他的傲慢让别人很难与他合作。8. He rationalized quitting school by saying that what he needed was practical experience. 他合理地退了学，理由是他觉得自己需要的是实践经验。三、课后题D项：15分，15个，加粗的单词是正确答案4. Some people watch television so much that they cannot (conceive, imagine) of living without it. 一些常看电视的人没办法想象没有电视他们该怎么生活。6. Do you think those young people are (idealistic, ideal) or pragmatic? 你认为那些年轻人比较理想主义还是现实主义？7. Filled with great (adulation, admiration) for their integrity and courage, he was determined to be a man like them. 因为对他们的正值与勇敢充满了钦佩，所以他决定做一个像他们一样的人。8. Deep at night, they could still hear the gun-fire (rambling, rumbling) in the distance. 深夜里，他们依然可以听见远处隆隆作响的炮火声。3. He thought their behavior was (contemptuous, contemptible), but he didnt say anything in front of the host. 他觉得他们的行为十分可耻， 但是当着主人的面他没说什么。4. Summoned by the boss, he approached his office full of (apprehension, distrust). 老板找他，他快到他办公室的时候，心中充满了恐惧。7. Obviously they were getting nowhere with the meeting, so he decided to (desist, resist) from making a final decision that afternoon. 显而易见，他们没有地方开会，所以那天下午他决定暂时不做最终决定。3. Would I be (intruding, invading) if I joined in your discussion? 如果我加入你们的讨论中会不会打扰到你们？5. The newly-recruited soldiers swore an (oath, promise) of loyalty to their country. 新入伍的士兵宣誓要终于他们的祖国。6. All the streets will be (eliminated, illuminated) tomorrow evening for the celebration.为了明天晚上的庆祝大会，所有的街道都会灯火辉煌。7. Her (perseverance, persistence) in wearing that old-fashioned hat surprised her husband. 她坚持戴那顶过时的帽子让她丈夫很吃惊。1. South Africa used to be a country where black people and white people were (separated, segregated). 南非过去是一个黑人与白人分离的国家。3. “You havent seen him for over a year?” he sounded (incredible, incredulous). “你有一年多没见过他了？”他听起来显得很怀疑。4. No matter what he said, the only response he got from him was a (noncommittal, tentative) “I see”. 不管他说什么，他唯一从他那而得到的反应就是一句含糊的：“我知道了。”7. Since she didnt know anybody in that city, she was rather (hesitant, tentative) when accepting the job offer. 由于她在这座城市里谁都不认识，所以当她接受这份工作的时候还很迟疑。4. The eagle suddenly (drifted, swooped) down and snatched the piece of meat. 这只老鹰突然猛扑下来，叼走了那片肉。8. Every night before he went to bed, he (made a point, made a plan) of checking all the doors and windows. 他每天晚上睡觉以前，都会特别留意门窗是否关好了。1. Students of English are required to (remember, memorize) the listed 2,000 words. 学英语的学生被要求记住列出的2000个单词。2. You should not be (intolerable, intolerant) of different religious beliefs. 你不该对不同的宗教信仰那么不包容。3. He tried to (infuse, fill) the awkward situation with humor. 他试图用幽默来化解尴尬的情况。7. The students waited in (respectable, respectful) silence for the Nobel Prize winner to make his speech. 同学们毕恭毕敬地等待着诺贝尔奖得主发表感言。1. The teacher (allotted, divided) the children into several small groups for the trip to the Palace Museum.老师将孩子们划分成几个小组去参观故宫博物院。3. Do you think soil samples are (obtainable, absorbable) from the Mars by an unmanned aircraft in the near future? 你认为在不久的将来我们能通过无人飞机从火星上获取土壤样本吗？4. She was so dear to him that he still kept her picture in a (preeminent, prominent) position on his desk. 她对他来说弥足珍贵，所以他始终把她的照片放在办公桌上显眼的地方。6. He was so disappointed when the manager said that his plan was completely (dismissable, disposable). 当经理告诉他他的计划完全不会被考虑的时候，他十分沮丧。2. The employees are openly (contemptuous, contemptible) of their corrupt manager. 员工们被他们贪污腐败的经理公开地藐视。7. Mary aired her (grievances, grief) at not being treated fairly by the salesperson. 玛丽因为受到了售货员不公平的待遇而夸大她的不满。8. He felt (daunted, discouraged) by the enormous difficulties involved in completing the construction of the airport in one year. 他因为要在一年之内建成飞机场所带来的巨大困难而感到沮丧。1. There is a (contrariness, contradiction) between what he says and what he does. 他和她所说的话之间存在着一定的矛盾。5. He (wondered, meditated) for a whole week before making that important decision. 在作出最终决定之前他考虑了整整一周。7. The author declares that the plot and characters of the novel are (imaginary, imaginative). 作者声称此篇小说的情节和主人公纯属虚构的。8. We walked for miles along the (twisted, crooked) path in the forest. 我们沿着森林里崎岖的小路走了几英里。1. We advise girls below twenty not to marry, because they are still emotionally (nave, immature).我们建议20岁以下的女孩不要着急结婚，因为他们还尚未成熟。2. Her feelings (fluctuated, changed) between excitement and fear. 她的情绪在兴奋与害怕之间来回波动。3. The police will not hesitate to use (force, compulsion) if the bank robbers still refuse to surrender. 如果银行抢劫犯仍然拒绝投降的话，警察将毫不犹豫地使用武力。4. After twenty years of antagonism, the two countries were finally (reconciled, friendly). 经过了20年的对抗，这两个国家最终和解了。6. Something has been wrong with their marriage for a long time, although she makes (pretenses, excuses) that it is not. 他们的婚姻有很长一段时间都存在问题，尽管她矢口否认。8. A lot of retired people play chess to (kill, spend) time. 许多退休的人都用下国际想起来打发时间。1. He knows that his parents have to work very hard in order to provide for his education, so he never (spends, squanders) money. 他知道父母不得不为了供他上学而努力工作，所以他从不乱花钱。6. In the past year, quite a few (dormant, unimportant) womens organizations become active again. 在过去的一年里，不少沉寂的女性组织再次复苏了。四、翻译：30分，汉译英3段，英译汉3段，每段5分(一)、汉译英：Lesson9：人们的注意力跨度很短，因此，为了抓住观众的注意力，电视必须通过多样化、新奇性和动作不断地提供刺激。这样做的结果是，新闻过于简短，不能提供有效的交流；很多新闻节目就像“机关枪发射碎片”，破坏了思维的连贯性。这种迎合注意力跨度短的做法，还会降低文化水平。避免了复杂性，也就牺牲了思考。成年美国人中“功能性文盲”人数不断增长，他们甚至不知道如何回答招聘广告或读懂药瓶上的说明，电视对此起码应付一部分责任。People have a short attention span. So in order to capture the viewers attention TV must provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. In doing so, news tends to be over brief and results in inefficient communication. Many news programs are like “machine-gunning with scraps,” which fights coherence. The appeal to the short span is decivilizing as well. Complexity is avoided, which means thought is sacrificed. More and more adult Americans have become the “functionally illiterates”. They are even unable to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. At least TV should be partly responsible for it.Lesson11：有的人头一碰枕头就睡着，有的人在床上躺上好几小时也睡不着。他越想睡着就越睡不着。我属于后者。我一写文章就困得要死。可是一上床，除了睡觉，别的什么事都能干。我能谱写出宏伟的交响乐，画出壮丽的画卷，写出好文章。人为的催眠法很多，可是，它们全都无效。当我晚上睡不着时，我就同一个想象中的朋友对话，直到我大笑或睡着为止。我发觉这是入睡的好方法。Some people fall asleep as soon as their heads touch the pillow. Some other people cannot fall asleep although they have been lying in bed several hours. The more he wants to sleep, the more wakeful he is. I belong to the latter. When I write an article, I feel an overpowering desire for sleep. But when I get to bed, I can do anything but sleep. I can compose great symphonies, paint magnificent pictures, and write very good essays. The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion, but they are only alike in their ineffectuality. When I cant go to sleep at night, I imagine a dialogue with a friend till I either laugh or fall asleep. I find this is a good way of hastening the approach of sleep.Lesson