2012年考研英语翻译重难点.doc

2012年考研英语翻译重难点定语从句翻译法1)合译法:把定语从句放在被润色的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。Eg：Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会发布了关于接管美国援助的105个国家的人权情形发芽拜访陈述。2)分译法:按照定语从句的分歧情形，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或自力句等。Eg：Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如不美观遏制吸收新常识，就必定会落伍。(译为前提状语从句)The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能泊岸，因为他们需要拖船的辅佐。(译成原因状语从句)A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了剖析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。(译为时刻状语结构)The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共处事的供给体例已趋陈旧，这恰是我们必需采用手艺加以装备规领域。(译为并列分句)We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.此刻我们正糊口于一种全新的经济，即处事性经济中，各类关鲜俳来越比物质产物更为主要。(译为并列分句)主语从句翻译法1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词指导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。Eg：It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.主要的是要把科学手艺搞上去。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯罪的人都要受到法令的制裁。(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按挨次译出)2)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句自己做句子的主语，其余部门按原文挨次译出。Eg：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.邓刂事实是以牺牲对手艺的经费投入来增添对纯理论科学的经费投入，仍是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。3)分译法:把原本的状语从句从整体结构平分手出来,译成另一个相对自力得单句。Eg：It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个排场境界对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。(It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的宾语)宾语从句翻译法由that, what, how, where等词指导的宾语从句一般按照原文挨次翻译,即顺译法。Eg：Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远跨越0.1雷姆的辐射而不受危险。Eg：We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门打点中国纺织品出口营业，并愿在平等互利的基本上同贵公司成立营业关系。反译法一个问题有时可以从分歧的角度来诠释声名。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从后背来诠释。1)否认译成必定。Eg：I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经由那家剧院，我城市想起他的最后一次表演。Eg：Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国平正易近科盲日益严重，这种发芽拜访陈述几乎月月都有。(双重否认)2)必定译成否认。Eg：Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权力。Eg：This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，考研加油绽因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量耗损、投入少数农人就可能获得高产的美国耕种体例继续下去了。Eg：The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把尺度化测试作为报复方针是错误的，因为在报复这类测试时，攻讦者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚体味或使用不妥。几种非凡否认句式的翻译法“no morethan翻译成汉语“和一样不”Eg：The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和独一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。Eg：There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有理由限制你吃若干好多维生素，就如同他们不能限制你喝若干好多水一样。“not so much as”翻译成“与其说，不如说”Eg：It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说他输了角逐是多次被击中，不如说是自己缺乏斗志。Eg：There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓体例论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，仍是指历史研究中各个具体规模使用的研究手段，人们对此定见纷歧。Eg：He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是这个世界上我最不愿定见到的人。分译法英语长句子斗劲多，汉语句子相对而言斗劲短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原本的结构平分手出来，译成一个自力成分、从句或并列分句。Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个排场境界对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。合译法和分译法分歧，合译法是将分歧的句子成分组合在一路，使其更合适汉语的表达体例。Eg:Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的成长与其耸俅于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如耸俅于改良了的手艺和工具等等更为普遍的工具。(将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组)Eg：When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这种反映并不错，这是人类用道德不美观念进行推理的本能在起浸染。这种本能应获得鼓舞激励，而不是遭到冷笑。(When that happens, it is not a mistake原本是两个句子，此刻组合成一个精练的汉语句子。)挨次调整法一般来说，翻译时应该按照句子原本的挨次进行，但因为英汉两种说话中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全不异，翻译时需要做必然的调整(例如采用倒译法)，使其更合适汉语的习惯。Eg：The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如不美观我们进入了手艺新时代而不首先估价我们对情形所负的责任，我们将碰着公害，这些公害将剖明危险真正达到了什么水平。Eg：That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这种理论的焦点是，我们的情形同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是眇乎小哉的。(原本的谓语，在译文中酿成了在前的趾笫览幔)被动语态翻译法 1) 变为汉语的自动形式。 Eg：It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一路头就将谈判引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样看待动物：要么像看待人类自身一样关切谅解，要么完全冷峭无情。 2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。 Eg：For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计较机可以供给那么多的辅佐，它却不应该被看作是根基的思维和推理技巧的替代物。 Eg：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些展望将在多大水平上为后来的默示所证实取决于所用信息的数目、靠得住水平、适宜水平以及用来诠释这些信息的技巧与才智。 3) 增添“人们”、“巨匠”等恰当的词做汉语译文的趾笫览幔 Eg： And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.良多人认为通俗人的思维勾当根柢无法和科学家的思维过程想斗劲，他们并认为这些思维过程必需经由某中专门练习才能把握。 Eg：During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种改变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些诠释新史料的新体例充实了传统的历史研究体例。 状语从句翻译法 1)顺译法:按照原文挨次翻译。Eg：If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如不美观富国和穷国之间的构和获得进展的话，就筹算在12月份放置召开部长级会议。2)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。Eg：Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然，如不美观计较机给出的全数谜底均需要核查，花钱买计较机就毫无意义。不外，人们也应该相信自身内部的计较能力，在认为计较机有问题时进行复查。3)分译法:有时也可以译为并列句。Eg：Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldnt develop without it.电是一种很是主要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能成长。(原文由suchthat指导的结不美观状语从句译为汉语的并列句)表语从句翻译法大部门情形下可以采用顺译法，间或也可以用逆译法。Eg：My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.我的不雅概念是一代人经常埋怨下一代人是不成避免的。(顺译法)His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他对新闻界的观点是，记者们不是撑持他，就是否决他。(顺译法)Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.该地域的人们最需要的是水和食物。(逆译法)同位语从句翻译法1)补译法: