英语中倍数的表达方法及译法.ppt

英语中倍数的表达方法和译法,表示倍数的词包括如下一些： times, 数字+fold, (tenfold), by the factor of 数字， （by the factor of 4 ),倍数增加的句型集合,1. Be N times 有三种句型变体： A is n times as great（long，much，）as B. A is n times greater （longer， more，）than B. A is n times the size （length， amount，）of B.,组一句型翻译方法： A的大小（长度，数量，）是B的n倍或A比B大（长，多，）n-1倍 注：当相比的对象B很明显时，than（as，of）B常被省去。,2. Increase N times 句型有三种变体： increase to n times increase n timesn-fold increase by n times/increase by a factor of n 都译为增加到N倍，或增加N-1 倍,注：在这类句型中increase常被raise，grow，go/step up，multiply等词所替代。,Increase by 句型翻译的证据 这一结构产生误解 的概率很高 往往误译成 比以前增加 倍 其实 它和increase N times 和increase to N times 表达的倍数概念相同，应译为增加N-1 倍。,Broilers are particularly susceptible to stress as genetic selection plus balanced feeding haves resulted in birds that may increase their hatching weight (40 g.) by as much as 45 times in ten weeks (1800 g, or 3.7 lb).,另外, 还要注意的是, 表示“增加”用times 或- 。fold 与用百分数或具体数值是有所不同的, 增加的数 值或百分数均表示净增量, 例如: Population has increased by 200 %in the past 25 years. 人口在过去 25 年内增加了 200 % (即增加两 倍) 。 its output of cotton went up by 20 percent. 它的棉花产量增长了20 % 。,3. There is a n-fold increase/growth 某物有N-1 倍的增加或增长。 There is a threefold increase in the production of wheat this year.,4. double (增加1倍)，treble trebl （增加2倍），quadruple kwdrupl （增加3倍），quintuple kwintjupl （增加4倍） The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。,5.此外，英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如： 1) A is as much （large，long，）again as B. （= A is twice as much （large，long，）as B. 应译为：A比B多（大，长，）1倍,2) A is half as much （large， 1ong，）again as B. 【= A is one and a half times as much （large， 1ong，）as B.】（11） 应译为:A比B多（大，长）一半（即A是B的一倍半）。,翻译练习,1.This book is three times as long as that one. 2. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 3. This book is three times the length of that one.,4. The production of integrated circuits(集成电路） has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 5. The drain voltage （漏电压） has been increased by a factor of four. 6. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986,7. If the resistance is doubled without changing the voltage ,the current becomes only half strong. 8. By the end of 2007 , the number of mobile phone users in China has trebled that in 2003. 9. Efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020.,10. This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one.,倍数的减少,第一组： A is n times as small （light，slow，）as B. A is n times smaller （lighter， slower，） than B A的大小（重量，速度，）是B的1/n或A比B小（轻，慢，）n-1/n ,第二组： decrease n times/n-fold decrease by n times decrease by a factor of n decrease常被reduce， shorten， goslow down等词替代,第三组： There is a n-fold decrease/reduction 应译为：减至1/n 或：减少（n一1）/n。 Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed 发现迅速减少到1/7。,Jogging can make the possibility of catching a heart disease decrease by 3 times. Jogging can make one three times less likely to suffer from a heart disease. 都译成减少到三分之一，即减少了三分之二。,翻译练习,1.The hydrogen atom is nearly l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 2. This sort of membrane (薄膜） is twice thinner than ordinary paper.,3. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times， the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 4. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.,5. The cost of the new building material decreased by three times. 6. The new construction equipment will shorten three times the constructi