Book4第二学期语法动词ing形式.doc

动词 ing 形式1) ing分词（短语）作主语：Smoking is harmful to our health.It is no use spending all the time playing computer games.(为了保持句子平衡，用it 作形式主语)2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：What I want to do is taking a bath.What he said is very exciting.3) -ing分词作宾语：I suggest finishing what Miss Li told us to do first.We enjoy attending Miss Lis class.4) -ing分词作定语：单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面There is a swimming pool in our school.I am content with working in the reading room.-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：The girl looking out of the window has a gift for singing.The girl sleeping there is too badly off to have a holiday.5) -ing分词做状语：-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：When he heard the news, he cried rather than laughed. = Hearing the news,he cried rather than laughed.- When hearing the news,he cried rather than laughed.-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Being too badly off, I cant afford to have a holiday.= Because/As/Since I am too badly off , I cant afford to have a holiday.ing分词短语作结果状语。一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语 如：His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = His father died and left him a lot of money.-ing分词作伴随状语，一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语 如：The teacher came in, smiling.= The teacher came in and smiled.-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。Studying hard, you will be admitted into key universities.=If you study hard, you will be admitted into key universities.Having been told many times, he still didnt understand how to do it.= Although he had been told many times, he still didnt understand how to do it.“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。6) -ing分词作补语：-ing分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。I heard a girl singing in the classroom. 4名词性从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的共同点：1）主句和从句之间不能用逗号隔开2） 从句部分用陈述句语序 3） 引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类： that, whether ,if 不充当从句的任何成分 what, whatever( anything that), who, whom, whoever (anyone who)；Whose（+名词）, which（+名词）,whichever（+名词） （保留自己的疑问含义充当从句中的主语，宾语，表语等） when, where, how, why (保留自己的疑问含义，充当从句中状语）一 . 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句Whether he will turn up is not clear. (不能用if引导)Who will take the place of Miss Li is not known.That he smokes everyday is harmful to his health. (that不能省)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语，常用句型: It is 名词从句. It is a fact/a shame/an honor/no wonder/no surprise that It is our duty that we should protect the earth from being polluted. It is形容词从句It is natural /strange /clear /likely/ (im)possible/ obvious/true/ good/fortunate/certain/surprising that It is obvious that he is telling lies.It is necessary that we (should) help the people in rags. It is 不及物动词从句It seems/happened/appears/turns out /struck/me/occurred to me that It seems that it is going to rain.It happened that he was about to leave when I got there. It is 过去分词从句It is reported/announced/expected/arranged/suggested/demanded/hoped/known that It is said that he succeeded in finishing the task in time.It is suggested that you should spend more time in studying English.二 . 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。I dont know whether/if the thief was caught on the spot. The teacher said (that) the boy was not bright and that he was not worth teaching. (第二个that起不能省) I insist that she (should) do her work alone. I dont believe he will do so. (否定转移)三 . 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句The town is no longer what it used to be. The question is whether we can make good use of it.(不能用if引导)My wish is that he can turn up in time. (that不能省)四 . 同位语从句 是对其前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明。是名词的具体内